Case Studies of School-Level Governance Dynamics in the Eastern Cape

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levy Brian ◽  
Lawule Shumane
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
School Level ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Educational Mission ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
School Governing Bodies ◽  
Level Performance ◽  
Over Time

This chapter explores some micro-level governance and political economy determinants of performance over time in four schools in low-income communities in the Butterworth district of the Eastern Cape. Using process tracing methodologies, the chapter explores the interactions over time between school-level leadership, the bureaucracy, school governing bodies, and the broader community—and how they impact school-level performance. There was no evidence of effective support by the bureaucracy for the educational mission of the schools. But there was striking evidence in three of the four case study schools of the role of participatory governance by SGBs, communities, and parents as a partial institutional substitute, offsetting to some extent the weaknesses of hierarchy. The findings offer encouragement that non-hierarchical entry points for improving educational outcomes indeed have some potential to achieve gains.

Moving to Opportunity, or Aging in Place? The Changing Profile of Low Income and Subsidized Households and Where They Live

2020 ◽  
pp. 107808742096989
Author(s):  
Vincent J. Reina ◽  
Claudia Aiken
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Aging In Place ◽  
Housing Subsidy ◽  
Political Dialogue ◽  
Moving To Opportunity ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Alternative Metrics

The profile of households receiving rental assistance has changed over time, yet much of the policy and political dialogue surrounding rental assistance has not. Understanding the changing profile of subsidized households is important to evaluating the role of rental subsidies, particularly in the context of neighborhood access. This paper analyzes how the composition of subsidized households has changed over time, and how this relates to existing measures of neighborhood opportunity. We find that since 2000, the share of subsidized households headed by seniors grew, while the share with children dropped. In particular, households using vouchers used to be young relative to the general population and to households in other housing subsidy programs but have aged rapidly. We also find that current neighborhood amenity measures do not reflect these changes, and we use a national analysis and a case study of southeastern Pennsylvania to test alternative metrics.

When New Relationships Meet Old Narratives: The Journey towards Improving Parent-School Relations in a District-Community Organizing Collaboration

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Ishimaru
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Community Organizing ◽  
School Level ◽  
Group Collaboration ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
School Social Capital ◽  
Structural Social Capital

Background/Context Faced with rapidly changing demographics, districts are increasingly looking to partner with parents to support and improve student learning. Community organizing holds promise for pursuing educational equity through the development of low-income parent participation and leadership, but previous research has focused primarily on the use of structural social capital theory in qualitative studies to understand school-based organizing mechanisms and impacts in traditional urban centers. Focus of Study The aim of this study was to examine whether district-level organizing efforts might be associated with improved parent-school relations in schools and how such efforts to build a new relationship may be enacted and negotiated at the school level within the context of a district-organizing group collaboration in a “new immigrant” destination. Research Design This mixed-methods sequential explanatory study used social capital and the concept of institutional scripts to quantitatively investigate the relationship between Latino parent organizing and parent-school relations across a district, then qualitatively explore the dynamics of parent-school social capital in a nested case study of one school. Data Collection and Analysis Using teacher-survey data from a stratified random sample of teachers in schools across the district, I fit multilevel regression models to examine whether schools with more organizing engagement had greater structural and functional parent-school social capital. I subsequently analyzed interview, observation, and document data to examine how organizing efforts sought to build positive parent-school relations at an elementary school that represented a key focal point for the district-organizing group collaboration. Findings/Results Schools with high organizing had greater structural social capital than schools with little or no organizing, but high organizing schools did not have greater functional social capital in the form of teacher-parent trust. The case study findings suggested that the dominant institutional scripts about the role of parents were simultaneously rewritten and reinforced even as organizing approaches worked to foster a new relationship between parents and educators. Conclusions/Recommendations Districts and schools that collaborate with community organizing groups can augment their social resources and expertise, particularly in reaching out to low-income Latino parents and effectively educating their children. Yet, the dominant institutional scripts in schools – about the role of parents, professional authority, and control – suggest the complexity of efforts to improve parent-school relations. Those seeking to build meaningful parent and community participation in schools would do well to move beyond traditional forms of parent involvement in the journey toward deeper engagement and collaboration.

Improving public housing policies that target low-income households: The value of adding proximity to discretion

2021 ◽  
pp. 239965442110411
Author(s):  
Lauro Gonzalez ◽  
Fernanda Lima-Silva ◽  
Marlei Pozzebon
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
Collective Case Study ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Leading Role

Research on street-level bureaucrats has examined the various ways in which these professionals have implemented public policies in areas such as healthcare, education, and security, often emphasizing the role played by discretion in the implementation process. Despite its importance, the concept of street-level bureaucracy has scarcely been approached by housing studies. This study focuses on the role of street-level workers in the delivery of public housing to the lower-income population. We affirm the value of complementing street-level discretion with the concept of proximity, a premise borrowed from the microfinance literature, to increase the understanding of the interactions and relationships established between street-level workers and policy recipients during the implementation process. Such complementarity may contribute to a more accurate understanding of the housing policy implementation dynamics on the street-level and the possible adjustments to meet local needs. To explore this issue, we used a theoretical lens inspired by Goffman’s frame analysis that points to the importance of relational mechanisms that characterize the interactions between street-level workers and beneficiaries. These lenses were applied to a collective case study of Minha Casa Minha Vida-Entidades, a Brazilian subprogram in which street-level workers linked to social housing movements assume a leading role in the planning and execution of interventions. The results indicate that the combination of proximity and discretion has a positive influence on the implementation of housing policies. Our analysis shows the existence of nonprofit-oriented arrangements that may present different features and nuances at the implementation (micro) level and contribute to the (macro) debate on housing policies.

Modeling the Evaluation Process in a Public Controversy

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Emanuel Dionne ◽  
Chantale Mailhot ◽  
Ann Langley
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Public Controversy ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Orders Of Worth ◽  
Major Increase ◽  
Over Time

Public controversies have attracted increasing attention in the organization studies literature. They emerge when critical issues are not defined and understood in the same way by different stakeholders, influencing the way they evaluate the worth of other actors, objects, and situations. In this paper, we show how the “orders of worth” perspective of Boltanski and Thévenot may throw light on the evolution of an evaluation process occurring during a public controversy. In particular, we study the Quebec student conflict of 2011 and 2012 that followed a proposed major increase in higher education tuition fees. We conducted an in-depth case study based on media coverage of the actions and discourses of the major actors to examine how objects and actions associated with a controversy are successively defined, redefined, and evaluated over time through a series of tests of worth. Our article contributes to the organizational literature on public controversies by drawing attention to the role of six types of evaluative moves in situations of controversy, and by offering an abductively developed model for understanding the evaluation process as it evolves over time. We suggest that actors, through these evaluative moves, may displace the object of a test, and therefore the foci for evaluation, through actions intended to bolster their positions.

Privatisation and the Development of Tourism in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: Property Rights, Firm Performance, and Recombinant Property

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan M Williams ◽  
Vladimir Baláž
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Level Performance

Privatisation is one of the key elements of the package of neoliberal reforms in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe which collectively constitute the ‘sharp shock’ strategy. In this, privatisation is ascribed the role of redistributing and clarifying property rights, which is an assumed precondition for efficiency improvements in individual firms. In practice, the transformation is characterised by path dependency, cultural and political legacies, and uneven and partial reform of market institutions and of regulation. We contribute to the debate on the link between property rights and firm-level performance in three main ways. First, we analyse the tourism sector as a counterbalance to the emphasis in the existing literature on manufacturing and financial services; particular emphasis is given to the roles of ‘operators’ and the ‘nomenklatura’, and to complex, nonlinear shifts in property rights. Second, we assess the performance of tourism firms created by different forms of creative and distributive privatisation; this emphasises the diversity of property rights, market segmentation, and the capital and debt structures of firms. Third, the value of the concept of ‘recombinant’ property for analysing the complex and changing forms of property rights is critiqued. These arguments are illustrated through a case study of tourism in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Assessing the exposure of the built environment to potential ignition sources generated from vegetative fuel

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Beverly ◽  
P. Bothwell ◽  
J. C. R. Conner ◽  
E. P. K. Herd
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Wildland Urban Interface ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Over Time

We assessed the exposure of the built environment to potential ignition sources generated from vegetative fuel for four communities in the province of Alberta, Canada. Ignition processes generated by burning vegetation that were included in the analysis were radiant heat, short-range spotting, and longer-range spotting. Results were used to map the boundaries of the wildland–urban interface and to delineate zones within each community that identify the degree to which these areas represent potential wildfire entry-points into the wildland–urban interface. The assessment method can be used to set priorities for mitigation activities; compare conditions within and between communities and over time; and identify priority areas for time- and resource-intensive site assessments that are often completed for individual structures located in the wildland–urban interface. We compared results among the four case-study communities and demonstrated an application of the approach for evaluating community fuel treatment plans. Factors that influenced the exposure of the built environment to potential ignition sources differed among the communities, which suggested the need for community-specific mitigation strategies. Spatial patterns of areas with elevated ignition exposure reflected not only the amount of ignition-producing vegetation around the built environment, but also the size and arrangement of fuel patches in relation to the unique morphology of the community and the occurrence of occluded interface zones.

scholarly journals Monitoring of verbal-linguistic development of pre-school children in Elementary school - RECEPTION project

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Kruselj-Vidas
Keyword(s):  
School Library ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
School Level ◽  
School Librarian ◽  
School Librarians ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Wide Range

The list of multiple tasks expected from a school librarian include a wide range of activities. Activity of crucial importance is advocating and argumentation how important is the development of basic literacy skills. The role of school librarians is unavoidable in this process. This presentation will show an example of school library practice and focus on the role of school librarian as designer, provider and researcher in the case study research at the school level. This research was done as an activity during international Erasmus+ project called RECEPTION (Role of Early Childhood Education in positive Transition/Introduction Outcomes for New pupils). 

Mothers, daughters, fathers and sons: intergenerational family social capital and inequalities in Guayaquil, Ecuador

2020 ◽  
pp. 095624782095902
Author(s):  
Caroline O N Moser
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Family Social Capital ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Fathers And Sons ◽  
Over 40 Years

This paper describes the role of intergenerational processes in increasing or reducing multidimensional inequality in Indio Guayas, a low-income peripheral settlement in Guayaquil, Ecuador. It also examines the importance of family social capital, irrespective of spatial location, as against household social capital in these processes. This longitudinal case study included a dataset on trends from 1978 through 1992 to 2004, in-depth studies over the decades, and further comparative research in 2018. The anthropological narrative is provided by the voices of three women and their families over 40 years. In 2018, interviews my son and I undertook for the documentary film Calle K demonstrated the importance of family social capital in the intergenerational reciprocity among mothers, daughters, fathers and sons, while illustrating different intergenerational trajectories addressing the challenges of inequality at this micro-level. The postscript points to the likely critical importance of family social capital in the context of the appalling COVID-19 pandemic.

A case study, Eric Hebborn, Rome Scholar 1959‐61: The art and craft of forging a drawing

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Stephen Farthing
Keyword(s):  
Art Education ◽  
Royal Academy ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Art Curriculum ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
British School ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Contemporary Artist

An exploration of forgery and drawing that focuses on a twentieth-century practitioner, his art education, motivation and methodology, this critical article was inspired by a meeting that took place in a village near Rome during the autumn of 1976 between the author and Eric Hebborn (1934‐96). Written some forty years later, this article has two goals; first to contribute to the debate that now circles the role of drawing within the contemporary fine art curriculum and then to question the nature of the biographical information Ruskin suggested was embedded in artists drawings. Hebborn, a skilful draftsman and award-winning alumnus of the Royal Academy Schools and British School at Rome is unusual in that he left no significant trace of himself as a contemporary artist. Using his memoire Drawn to Trouble, a once misattributed drawing The Lamentation of the Three Mary’s and my recollections of the meeting, as entry points. This article portrays Hebborn as a victim of his art education, who in the final analysis was neither a fine artist nor copyist but instead an art school trained illusionist who openly admited to creating a modus operandi that was designed to trick experts into uttering false instruments.

scholarly journals The Role of Yemen's Awqaf in Solving the Problem of Low Income Housing: A Case Study of Sana'a Capital

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Abdul Karim Ali Al-Mamary ◽  
Abdul Aziz Ahmed Al-Kabab
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The Public ◽  
Investment Return ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Low Income Housing

This research deals with the extent to which the Waqf has contributed since the mid-1970s to solving the problem of low income housing in cooperation with the public and private sectors, and discusses the multi-faceted aspects of the endowments of land, capital, or both. The factors that led to the decline of the investment sector in the Ministry of Awqaf to continue to adopt this type of projects and most importantly not to achieve the investment return desired. The research aims to highlight the role of the Waqf in contributing to solving the problem of housing in the Municipality of the capital in particular by highlighting the projects of the residential stay in which it was built and the reasons that led to its decline. The importance of the research is to highlight the role of the Waqf in contributing to solving societal problems. The Municipality of the capital, such as the problem of housing with low income, and the possibility of returning again to contribute effectively and achieve the desired objectives, while achieving economic feasibility so as to be able to achieve comprehensive and balanced sustainable development that achieve the interest of the parties endowment and society. The research focuses on the identification and adoption of modern scientific methods in the field of investment. The study concluded several recommendations that contribute to restoring the role of the Waqf in the service of society, especially in the provision of housing for people with low income. Keywords: Waqf, Aian (land, building), Prevention, Low income, Housing.

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