Bandage Wallahs and St John’s Men

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-52
Author(s):  
Jessica Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Medical Profession ◽  
World War ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Army Medical ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Military ◽  
First World

This chapter surveys the formation and reformation of the British Army Medical Services in the period from the Crimean War to the outbreak of the First World War. It locates the social and political debates around the nature and make-up of the unit in the context of wider reforms to the military and the medical profession. It further identifies the ways in which these debates were shaped by the development of the humanitarian voluntary-aid movement in Europe. It argues that the reforms to both the military and medicine as gender-demarcated professions constructed medical caregiving in the context of military conflict as a socially and culturally ambiguous role for men to undertake.

scholarly journals Yerevan 1924: master plan

2020 ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
Elena Bagina ◽  
Margarita Arustamyan
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
First World War ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Armenian Diaspora ◽  
The Military ◽  
First World

The master plan of Yerevan created in 1924 by Alexander Tamanyan and Nikolay Buniatyan is a reflection of the military-political situation prevailing in Armenia after the First World War, the genocide of 1915, the revolutions in Turkey and Russia, the social illusions of the Armenian diaspora and political parties that set out to create an independent Republic of Armenia as a center for the preservation of Armenian culture. The change in the “client” of this project and the political plans did not affect the idea of a “garden city” and the planning principles laid down by Tamanyan. The activities of the Armenian Assistance Committee made it possible to realize the ideas of the master plan.

‘Venereal Trouble’: The Case of ‘Professor’ Abraham Eastburn

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-29
Author(s):  
Roger Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Moral Panic ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
World War ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Chapter 2 investigates the prosecution of ‘Professor’ Abraham Eastburn in 1919 as a means of exploring the interface between the law and the moral panic surrounding VD in early twentieth century Scotland that reached its peak during and immediately after the First World War. A detailed narrative of his background and practice, together with a content analysis of his posters and handbills, furnish valuable insights into the widespread and continuing recourse to unregistered healers and quack remedies. The failure of qualified practitioners and established therapies to meet the needs of those suffering from venereal infections is surveyed. Eastburn’s’ prosecution is then contextualised within the social politics shaping the creation of a nation-wide health system for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of VD, and the outlawing, under growing pressure from the medical profession, of all venereal advice and treatment by unqualified practitioners under the 1917 Venereal Disease Act..

Irish society and the military

2016 ◽  
pp. 120-154
Author(s):  
Paul Huddie
Keyword(s):  
State Agencies ◽  
Recruitment Strategies ◽  
Irish Population ◽  
Irish Society ◽  
World War ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Irish People ◽  
The Military ◽  
First World

This chapter will show that the war was a period in which people’s perception of the soldier and his family was irreversibly altered, and that Irish people partook in this social movement as much as their peers in Britain through widespread charitable activity. It will also provide detailed analysis of charities’ organisations and lives of the soldiers’ wife. This chapter will also discuss the motivations of the men and boys who enlisted or obtained commissions in the land and naval forces between 1854 and 1856, the recruitment strategies employed by various state agencies and the effectiveness of the same. To all this will be added the geographical and social disposition of recruits and the fluctuations in recruit numbers. This chapter will show that due to the politicisation which Irish population and the army underwent in the subsequent decades the Crimean War represents the last popular surge in Irish recruitment as well as enthusiasm for the military before the First World War.

Archibald Lang McLean (1885–1922) – Explorer, writer and soldier

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
HR Guly
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Army Medical ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
First World

Archibald McLean qualified in Sydney in 1910 and in the following year joined Douglas Mawson’s Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–1914). He took a full part in the expedition and was forced to stay an extra year when Mawson failed to return to the base before the ship left. During this time he edited the expedition newspaper, The Adelie Blizzard. His writing impressed Mawson who invited him to work on the book about the expedition. This necessitated visiting England to liaise with publishers and promote the book. He was in England when the First World War broke out and he was commissioned in the RAMC and sent to France. He was invalided out of the army in 1916 and returned to Australia where he obtained his MD for his research in the Antarctic. Then he joined the Australian Army Medical Corps and returned to France where he won the Military Cross and he also suffered gassing. During the war, he developed TB and was unwell when he returned to Australia.

From the history of the military past of composer and conductor Boris Galaev

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Felix S. Kireev
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Musical Activity ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World

Boris Alexandrovich Galaev is known as an outstanding composer, folklorist, conductor, educator, musical and public figure. He has a great merit in the development of musical culture in South Ossetia. All the musical activity of B.A. Galaev is studied and analyzed in detail. In most of the biographies of B.A. Galaev about his participation in the First World War, there is only one proposal that he served in the army and was a bandmaster. For the first time in historiography the participation of B.A. Galaev is analyzed, and it is found out what positions he held, what awards he received, in which battles he participated. Based on the identified documentary sources, for the first time in historiography, it occured that B.A. Galaev was an active participant in the First World War on the Caucasian Front. He went on attacks, both on foot and horse formation, was in reconnaissance, maintained communication between units, received military awards. During this period, he did not have time to study his favorite music, since, according to the documents, he was constantly at the front, in the battle formations of the advanced units. He had to forget all this heroic past and tried not to mention it ever after. Therefore, this period of his life was not studied by the researchers of his biography. For writing this work, the author uses the Highest Orders on the Ranks of the Military and the materials of the Russian State Military Historical Archive (RSMHA).

The Russian Red Cross Society and staff replenishment of sisters of mercy on the eve of the First World War (1908–1914)

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-153
Author(s):  
Elizaveta E. Polianskaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Red Cross ◽  
World War ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Sisters Of Mercy ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

This article deals with the problem of recruiting sisters of mercy by the Russian Red Cross Society (also RRCS, Red Cross) in 1908-1914s. In case of war, Red Cross had to send sisters of mercy to its own institutions and to medical institutions of the military Department. The war ministry was developing a mobilization plan, which included a plan for the deployment of medical facilities. The ministry sent this plan to the administration of the Red Cross. In accordance with the request of the ministry, the RRCS strengthened its efforts to attract new staff of sisters of mercy. This activity led to certain results. On the eve of the war, there was a number of sisters of mercy that were required to replenish the medical institutions of the Red Cross and the military Department. That means that according to the pre-war plan, in the matter of creating a cadre of sisters of mercy, the RRCS was ready for the war. However, the Great War took on a wide scale, a situation which the army, the industry, and the medical service were not prepared for. The Russian Red Cross Society was forced to quickly open new medical institutions and to urgently train new personnel. Sometimes the duties of nurses were performed by those who did not have the necessary education.

Western Ethnic Borderlands in the Influence of Russian-Soviet Propagangda Before and in the Years of the Second World War

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (46) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Igor Lyubchyk
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Russian Orthodoxy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World ◽  
Russian Identity

The research issue peculiarities of wide Russian propaganda among the most Western ethnographic group – Lemkies is revealed in the article. The character and orientation of Russian and Soviet agitation through the social, religious and social movements aimed at supporting Russian identity in the region are traced. Tragic pages during the First World War were Thalrogian prisons for Lemkas, which actually swept Lemkivshchyna through Muscovophilian influences. Agitation for Russian Orthodoxy has provoked frequent cases of sharp conflicts between Lemkas. In general, attempts by moskvophile agitators to impose russian identity on the Orthodox rite were failed. Taking advantage of the complex socio-economic situation of Lemkos, Russian campaigners began to promote moving to the USSR. Another stage of Russian propaganda among Lemkos began with the onset of the Second World War. Throughout the territory of the Galician Lemkivshchyna, Soviet propaganda for resettlement to the USSR began rather quickly. During the dramatic events of the Second World War and the post-war period, despite the outbreaks of the liberation movement, among the Lemkoswere manifestations of political sympathies oriented toward the USSR. Keywords: borderlands, Lemkivshchyna, Lemky, Lemkivsky schism, Moskvophile, Orthodoxy, agitation, ethnopolitics

Desertie naar de vijand in het Belgische frontleger tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Deel 2

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-175
Author(s):  
Jos Monballyu
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
World War ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Military Security ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Military ◽  
First World ◽  
Front Movement

Over de motieven waarom Belgische militairen tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog naar de Duitse vijand deserteerden is al veel geschreven. Volgens de Franstalige patriottische pers en literatuur van kort na de Eerste Wereldoorlog was die desertie uitsluitend te wijten aan de defaitistische ingesteldheid van de Vlaamse Frontbeweging en de talrijke aansporingen waarmee hun vier afgezanten naar de Duitsers (Jules Charpentier, Karel De Schaepdrijver, Vital Haesaert en Carlos Van Sante) de Vlaamse soldaten aan het IJzerfront bestookten. De Vlaamse historici probeerden die beschuldiging op allerlei manieren te weerleggen of schoven de verantwoordelijkheid voor die desertie in de schoenen van Antoon Pira en zijn Algemeen Vlaamsch Democratische Verbond. Geen enkele historicus ging daarbij na wat de deserteurs zelf over hun desertie naar de vijand te vertellen hadden. Dit deden zij nochtans uitvoerig tijdens de verschillende gerechtelijke ondervragingen waaraan zij na de oorlog werden onderworpen wanneer zij konden worden aangehouden. Het feit dat zij daarbij al strafbaar waren van zodra zij wetens en willens deserteerden ongeacht hun eigenlijke motief, liet hen daarbij toe om dit motief vrij complexloos mee te delen. Geen enkele van de overlopers van wie het strafdossier bewaard is, gaf echter toe dat hij omwille van de Vlaamse kwestie was overgelopen. Oorlogsmoeheid en de behoefte om zijn familieleden terug te zien waren, zoals in alle legers, de voornaamste motieven waarom zij naar de vijand deserteerden. Ook de Belgische Militaire Veiligheid en de krijgsauditeurs slaagden er trouwens niet in om een verband te leggen tussen de Vlaamse Frontbeweging en de Belgische deserties naar de vijand.________Desertion to the enemy in the Belgian front army during the First World War (part 2)Much has already been written about the reasons why Belgian soldiers deserted to the German enemy during the First World War. According to the French language patriotic press and literature dating from shortly after the First World War that desertion was exclusively due to the defeatist attitude of the Flemish Front Movement and the many exhortations with which their four representatives to the Germans (Jules Charpentier, Karel De Schaepdrijver, Vital Haesaert and Carlos Van Sante) bombarded the Flemish soldiers at the Yser Front. Flemish historians attempted in a variety of ways to refute that accusation or they shifted the responsibility for the desertion on to Antoon Pira and his Algemeen Vlaamsch Democratische Verbond (General Flemish Democratic Union). Not a single historian investigated what the deserters themselves had to say about their desertion to the enemy. However, the deserters gave extensive explanations during the detailed investigation that took place during the various judicial interrogations, to which they were submitted after the war if it was possible to arrest them. The fact that they were considered to have committed a criminal offence for having knowingly deserted whatever their actual motive, allowed them to communicate this motive without too many complexes. However, none of the defectors whose criminal records have been preserved admitted that he had defected for the sake of the Flemish Question.  As is the case in all armies, the main reasons for desertion to the enemy were war-weariness and the longing to see members of their family. The Belgian Military Security and the military auditors were not able either to establish a causal link between the Flemish Front Movement and the Belgian desertions to the enemy.

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