Inside the Lordship

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-100
Author(s):  
Alessio Fiore
Keyword(s):  
Rural Village ◽  
The Social ◽  
Village Society

Chapter 4 considers the social makeup of rural village society. It looks into the formation of a class of milites (knights), or second-rank nobility, whose status was enhanced through land and privileges conceded to them by territorial lords in return for service. It also analyses the changing content and role of individuals described as boni homines and visconti. The ability to fight on horseback became the chief distinguishing factor between this group and rustici. The latter group does not disappear or become uniformly subject to lords however. Small proprietors continued to exist, and in some areas, such as Tuscany, to flourish. However, it can be seen a tendency for the lowest level of rural tenant to become merged with servi in the sources; in other words they are declining in status to being merely chattels that can be bought and sold with land.

Credit and Village Society in Fourteenth-Century England

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Many ◽  
Village Society ◽  
Rural England

Exploring the role of credit is vital to understanding any economy. In the past two decades historians of many European regions have become increasingly aware that medieval credit, far from being the preserve of merchants, bankers, or monarchs, was actually of basic importance to the ordinary villagers who made up most of the population. This study is devoted to credit in rural England in the middle ages. Focusing in particular on seven well-documented villages, it examines in detail some of the many thousands of village credit transactions of this period, identifies the people who performed them, and explores the social relationships brought about by involvement in credit. The evidence comes primarily from inter-peasant debt litigation recorded in the proceedings of manor courts, which were the private legal jurisdictions of landlords. A comparative study that discusses the English evidence alongside findings from other parts of medieval and early modern Europe, the book argues that the prevailing view of medieval English credit as a marker of poverty and crisis is inadequate. In fact, the credit networks of the English countryside were surprisingly resilient in the face of the fourteenth-century crises associated with plague, famine, and economic depression.

scholarly journals The Motifs of “Native” and “Other” in Modern Postcolonial Russian Prose

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
V. V. Maroshi
Keyword(s):  
Post Colonial ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Space ◽  
Ethnic And Cultural Identity ◽  
Traumatic Effect ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
The Village ◽  
Common World

The article examines the role of the opposition of “one’s own” and “someone else’s” in modern Russian prose – in V. Rasputin’s novel “Ivan’s Daughter, Ivan’s Mother” (2003), A. Volos’ novels “Khurramabad” (2000), V. Medvedev’s “Zahhok” (2017) and V. Galaktionova’s “On the Island of Buyan” (2003). The actualization of this opposition is due to the traumatic effect of the post-Soviet reality both in Russia and on the national outskirts of the former USSR. The article also clarifies the features of the post-colonial situation for the post-Soviet world and uses the metaphor of colonization proposed by Habermas. In particular, the destruction of the social environment familiar to the characters under the onslaught of the “alien” has become one of the most noticeable plot-forming factors of modern prose. The xeno- phobia of Rasputin and Galaktionova extends not so much to other nations, but to everything “alien”, including foreign discursive practices, new things, and the totality of the Lebenswelt surrounding the protagonists. The characters of Rasputin’s story overcome alienation and self-alienation, undergo a crisis of “their” common world and “their” personal one. The village of Buyan, which is similar to an island in Galaktionova’s novel, is portrayed as a unique archaic place where only «friends» who do not accept “strangers” live. It preserves the communal id- yll and traditional austerity of morals. Postcolonial novels about the civil war in Tajikistan are united by the motifs of loss of the motherland for the Russian natives of the country who are forced to leave for Russia which is foreign for them (“Khurramabad”) or to flee to an even more hostile location – a rural village (“Zahhok”). However, the Tajik characters are also divided into “friends” and “strangers”. The hybrid ethnic and cultural identity of the characters that lies between “their own” and “alien” (the Russian and Tajik worlds respectively) is inherent to several of the most important characters of both novels and it creates a dangerous conflict for them. The resolution of conflicts and collisions in both novels is the characters’ attempt to migrate to a new space which leads to an increase in alienation.

Social Representations and Commitment

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bonetto ◽  
Fabien Girandola ◽  
Grégory Lo Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
First Line ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
English Articles

Abstract. This contribution consists of a critical review of the literature about the articulation of two traditionally separated theoretical fields: social representations and commitment. Besides consulting various works and communications, a bibliographic search was carried out (between February and December, 2016) on various databases using the keywords “commitment” and “social representation,” in the singular and in the plural, in French and in English. Articles published in English or in French, that explicitly made reference to both terms, were included. The relations between commitment and social representations are approached according to two approaches or complementary lines. The first line follows the role of commitment in the representational dynamics: how can commitment transform the representations? This articulation gathers most of the work on the topic. The second line envisages the social representations as determinants of commitment procedures: how can these representations influence the effects of commitment procedures? This literature review will identify unexploited tracks, as well as research perspectives for both areas of research.

The problem of periodization of the history of religion

1997 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Borys Lobovyk
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Religious Development ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Religion

An important problem of religious studies, the history of religion as a branch of knowledge is the periodization process of the development of religious phenomenon. It is precisely here, as in focus, that the question of the essence and meaning of the religious development of the human being of the world, the origin of beliefs and cult, the reasons for the changes in them, the place and role of religion in the social and spiritual process, etc., are converging.

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