The Oil Revolution

2019 ◽  
pp. 216-253
Author(s):  
Giuliano Garavini
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
International Economic Order ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Energy Politics ◽  
Oil Shock ◽  
Oil Embargo

Chapter 5 describes the OAPEC oil embargo and then explains the reasons for the “oil shock”, with its fourfold increase in the price of crude oil by December 1973. After the price increases of 1973 the governments of consuming countries now entered directly the arena of international energy politics with the convening of the Washington Energy Conference of 1974 and then the creation of the International Energy Agency (IEA) by the end of the same year. This chapter also explains why OPEC strived to present itself as the “spearhead” for Third World countries, hoping to establish a New International Economic Order that would reform international economic institutions and promote a kind of globalization more in line with the needs of raw materials producers and developing countries. The apex of this effort by OPEC was achieved in March 1975 with the convening of the OPEC summit of Algiers.

scholarly journals The Indian Republic in the global energy markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-509
Author(s):  
Nikolay P. Gusakov ◽  
Yulia A. Konovalova ◽  
Sayar Akhmad Reshad
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic

Energy is an integral part of the economic security of any state, and it is more complex, the lower the degree of provision with its mineral resources and the higher the number of the population living in the country. Being the undisputed world leaders in terms of population (1.4 billion people and 1.3 billion people), China and India are concerned about ensuring the energy security of their national economies. According to the latest forecasts formed by the International Energy Agency, by 2040, these two countries will become world leaders in terms of imports of mineral products (in this case: crude oil and natural gas). China is the world leader in exporting goods; India is implementing an economic and industrial policy to turn the country into a world manufacturing hub. In this regard, providing countries with energy resources is one of the most critical tasks. At the same time, a significant problem is a dependence on regular supplies of raw materials and world prices for energy carriers. Respectively, countries should pursue a policy of diversification of suppliers of mineral products. The subject of this study is the Republic of India and its position in the world energy markets; issues of energy security and energy policy are also highlighted.

scholarly journals OVERVIEW OF CURRENT DIRECTIONS OF RESEARCH BY THE INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY IN THE BIOENERGY SECTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
T.A. Zheliezna ◽  
A.I. Bashtovyi
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Biomass For Energy

The aim of the work is to identify promising areas of research in bioenergy to expand potential types of technologies and sectors for the implementation of bioenergy projects in Ukraine. Current research topics of the Bioenergy Program of the International Energy Agency are analyzed, and some of the obtained results are considered. Special attention in the studies within the Program is paid to the issues of sustainable development, decarbonization of energy, and circular economy. The results of almost all the studies are important and relevant for Ukraine. They show promising areas for further research and development, as well as help to identify new types of potential bioenergy projects. At present, Ukraine has already implemented a large number of bioenergy projects in the industry at enterprises that have biomass raw materials as a by-product of the main production. Examples of such enterprises are oil extraction plants, sugar factories, woodworking enterprises. But there are many companies not provided with their own biomass that would like to reduce their carbon footprint by switching to renewable energy. Technical and organizational solutions for mobilizing biomass for energy studied within the IEA Bioenergy’s inter-task project “Bioenergy for high temperature heat in industry” may be very useful to these enterprises.

scholarly journals Assessment of Renewable Energy Deployment Roadmaps

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Mauleón
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Ipcc Report

This research implements a methodology to the joint assessment of the photovoltaic and onshore wind investment roadmaps put forward by the main institutions in the field, International Renewable Energy Association (Irena) and the International Energy Agency, to achieve a low carbon emissions economy with near zero net greenhouse gases emissions. The two energies taken together account for over 80% of the renewable energy deployments envisaged by both roadmaps. The assessment is conducted according to economic criteria (the levelized cost of energy, capital requirements and financial risks), and environmental (carbon avoided, its value, and its cost). Given the recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report on the urgency to tackle climate change, accelerated deployments of the roadmaps are assessed as well. Overall, it is found that the roadmaps are financially sound, even under an accelerated scenario. Possible limits to the deployment of renewable energies roadmaps derived from the availability of raw materials and other constraints are also discussed, showing likely constraints for lithium batteries but not for photovoltaic and wind energies.

The International Energy Agency: an Interpretation and Assessment

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mason Willrich ◽  
Melvin A. Conant
Keyword(s):  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Field ◽  
Oil Embargo

When the representatives of thirteen major OECD oil-importing countries met in Washington, D.C. in February 1974 to discuss cooperation in the energy field in order to meet the challenge posed by the OAPEC oil embargo, the outlook for successful negotiations was far from bright.

African and Arab States and the Call For a New International Economic Order

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Omari H. Kokole
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Third World ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
International Economic Order ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
International Diplomacy ◽  
The Third World

An Arab leadership within the Third World has been emerging since 1973. Since that year, major diplomatic initiatives on a wide range of issues relevant to the third World have in fact originated from the Arabs. Countries of the Third World are basically producers of raw materials and other primary commodities. The whole struggle for a New International Economic Order (NIEO) has to some extent been led by the Arabs. Some Third World causes have been championed by some Arab countries, and have been pushed by them into the main arenas of international diplomacy. Algeria virtually initiated the raw materials debate at the United Nations in 1974. This was followed by the special session of the General Assembly in 1975. The 1970s witnessed the beginning of a serious consideration of the issue of restructuring the world economy.

Preliminary report on the International Energy Agency mode of occurrence inter-laboratory comparison; Phase I, USGS results

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis A. Palmer ◽  
Allan Kolker ◽  
Jason C. Willett ◽  
Stanley J. Mroczkowski ◽  
Robert B. Finkelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Mode Of Occurrence

The End of Empire and the Search for Justice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Linarelli ◽  
Margot E Salomon ◽  
Muthucumaraswamy Sornarajah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Economic ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Economic Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Order ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Neoliberal Ideology ◽  
First Time

This chapter is a study of the themes of the New International Economic Order (NIEO). It begins with the notion of justice that had been constructed in imperial law to justify empire and colonialism. The NIEO was the first time a prescription was made for justice in a global context not based on domination of one people over another. In its consideration of the emergence of a new notion of justice in international law, the chapter discusses the reasons for the origins of the NIEO, and goes on to describe the principles of the NIEO and the extent to which they came into conflict with dominant international law as accepted by the United States and European states. Next the chapter deals with the rise of the neoliberal ideology that led to the displacement of the NIEO and examines the issue of whether the NIEO and its ideals have passed or whether they continue to be or should be influential in international law. Finally, the chapter turns to the ideas of the NIEO alongside new efforts at promoting a fuller account of justice by which to justify and evaluate international law.

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