The Reluctant Planner

2019 ◽  
pp. 127-144
Author(s):  
Julia Moses
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Intellectual Biography ◽  
Role Of The State

T. H. Marshall’s claims that the twentieth century was the era of social rights, embodied in education and welfare policy, has found enduring favour with a wide variety of scholars and social commentators. To what extent, however, was his theory of citizenship and social rights a reflection of the specific moment in which he was writing? This chapter places T. H. Marshall’s concept of ‘citizenship’ within its historical context. Through examining his biography, this essay suggests that Marshall’s theory of citizenship was informed by an appreciation for continental, and especially German, conceptions of social policy, the role of the state, and the nature of community. Parsing this aspect of Marshall’s intellectual biography has important implications for our own understanding of British ideas about the purpose, structure, and scope of social policy during the formative middle decades of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals RELAÇÃO PÚBLICO-PRIVADO NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: a democratização da educação?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Maria Vidal Peroni
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Brazilian Case

O artigo trata das redefinições no papel do Estado, que reorganizam as fronteiras entre o público e privado e materializam-se das mais diferentes formas na educação básica pública, e suas implicações para o processo de democratização da educação. No caso brasileiro, muito lutamos no período de abertura política pela democratização com direitos sociais materializados em políticas. Mas, ao mesmo tempo em que avançamos nos direitos conquistados, também foi naturalizado que o Estado não seria mais o principal executor.Palavras-chave: parceria público-privada em educação; política educacional; democratização da educação.The article deals with the redefinitions of the role of the state, which reorganize the boundaries between public and private that materialize in many different forms in basic public education, and their implications for the process of democratization of education. In the Brazilian case, we have struggled so hard since the so-called ‘opening period’ of political democratization with social rights materialized in public policies. However, while we have advanced in the conquered rights, at the same time the idea of the State as the main provider no longer prevails.Keywords: public-private partnership in education; educational policy; democratization of education

scholarly journals Introduction: Moving Targets Risk, Security, and the Social in Twentieth-Century Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Moses ◽  
Eve Rosenhaft
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Anthony Giddens ◽  
Agent Of Change

According to the sociologists Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens, modern societies have become increasingly preoccupied with the future and safety and have mobilized themselves in order to manage systematically what they have perceived as “risks” (Beck 1992; Giddens 1991). This special section investigates how conceptions of risk evolved in Europe over the course of the twentieth century by focusing on the creation and evolution of social policy. The language of risk has, in the past twenty years, become a matter of course in conversations about social policy (Kemshall 2002). We seek to trace how “risk” has served as aheuristic toolfor understanding and treating “social problems.” A key aim of this collection is to explore the character of social policy (in the broadest sense) as an instrument (or technology) that both constructs its own objects as the consequences of “risks” and generates new “risks” in the process (Lupton 2004: 33). In this way, social policy typifies the paradox of security: by attempting literally to making one “carefree,” orsē(without)curitās(care), acts of (social) security spur new insecurities about what remains unprotected (Hamilton 2013: 3–5, 25–26). Against this semantic and philological context, we suggest that social policy poses an inherent dilemma: in aiming to stabilize or improve the existing social order, it also acts as an agent of change. This characteristic of social policy is what makes particularly valuable studies that allow for comparisons across time, place, and types of political regime. By examining a range of cases from across Europe over the course of the twentieth century, this collection seeks to pose new questions about the role of the state; ideas about risk and security; and conceptions of the “social” in its various forms.

Thomas Carlyle, Scotland's Migrant Philosophers, and Canadian Idealism, c. 1870–1914

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Alexander Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
The State ◽  
Thomas Carlyle ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Ethical Role ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
British Idealism

That the great Scottish man of letters Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881) exercised a formative influence over late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century ‘British Idealism’ has long been recognized by historians. Through works such as Sartor Resartus (1833–1834), Heroes and Hero-Worship (1841), Past and Present (1843), and Latter-Day Pamphlets (1850), Carlyle transmitted his ideas regarding the immanence of the divine in nature and man, the infinite character of duty, and the ethical role of the state to a generation of subsequent philosophers. The following article will extend this insight, arguing that through the agency of an array of migrant Scottish intellectuals, Carlyle's writings made an equally significant contribution to the development of Idealism in English-speaking Canada.

2. Politics and the State

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-48
Author(s):  
Robert Garner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Right ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Empirical Typology ◽  
Distribution Of Power

This chapter explains why the state and sovereignty are relevant to the study of politics. It first provides an empirical typology of the state, ranging from the minimalist night-watchman state, approximated to by nineteenth-century capitalist regimes at one end of the spectrum, to the totalitarian state of the twentieth century at the other. It then examines the distribution of power in the state by focusing on three major theories of the state: pluralism, elitism, Marxism, as well as New Right theory. The chapter seeks to demonstrate that the theories of the state identified can also be critiqued normatively, so that pluralism, for instance, can be challenged for its divisive character, as exemplified by identity politics. It then goes on to review different views about what the role of the state ought to be, from the minimalist state recommended by adherents of classical liberalism, to the pursuit of distinctive social objectives as recommended, in particular, by proponents of communitarianism. Finally, it discusses empirical and normative challenges to the state and asks whether the state’s days are numbered.

The role of the state within social policy

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerda Falkner ◽  
Emmerich Tálos
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State

scholarly journals Economic Development, Informal Land-Use Practices and Institutional Change in Dongguan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
Yingmin Huang ◽  
Desheng Xue ◽  
Gengzhi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Land Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Institution Change ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Land Use Practices

This paper is engaged with the critical perspective that highlights the role of the state in the production of urban informality by examining the dynamics of informal land-use practices in Dongguan, China since 1978. Based on in-depth interviews and archival analysis, the relationship between informal land development, the state, and land institution change has been revealed. Our findings show that informal land development is practiced by village collectives from below in Dongguan as a response to the absence and limitation of the national land law. The local government handles the informality in a pragmatic way that serves the goal of economic development in different historical conditions by actions of encouraging, tolerating, and authorizing, suggesting that the definition of informality is not a neutral classification. It is argued that while informality represents people’s creativity in dealing with practical problems, when and to what extent it can be tolerated, formalized, and absorbed depends on the intention of the state in a specific historical context.

scholarly journals RELAÇÃO PÚBLICO-PRIVADO NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: a democratização da educação?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Maria Vidal Peroni
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Brazilian Case

O artigo trata das redefinições no papel do Estado, que reorganizam as fronteiras entre o público e privado e materializam-se das mais diferentes formas na educação básica pública, e suas implicações para o processo de democratização da educação. No caso brasileiro, muito lutamos no período de abertura política pela democratização com direitos sociais materializados em políticas. Mas, ao mesmo tempo em que avançamos nos direitos conquistados, também foi naturalizado que o Estado não seria mais o principal executor.Palavras-chave: parceria público-privada em educação; política educacional; democratização da educação.The article deals with the redefinitions of the role of the state, which reorganize the boundaries between public and private that materialize in many different forms in basic public education, and their implications for the process of democratization of education. In the Brazilian case, we have struggled so hard since the so-called ‘opening period’ of political democratization with social rights materialized in public policies. However, while we have advanced in the conquered rights, at the same time the idea of the State as the main provider no longer prevails.Keywords: public-private partnership in education; educational policy; democratization of education

Planning history, planning reform and politics and ideology

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Tim Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Planning History ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

A brief survey of the history of planning shows how both the early days of planning, based in health and housing concerns, and the formation of the planning system in the early twentieth century were entwined in ideological struggles over the role of the state and the attitudes to property. The operation of that system has been equally saturated with ideological pressures. A brief study follows of the 2010-2015 UK government, as a case example of approaches to analysing political and ideological influences on the making and implementing of planning policy. It is shown that this government’s attitude to planning was dominated by its ideological agenda of cutting back the state, with a sub-agenda of a form of localism. The importance of pressure politics and electoral politics is also illustrated, at times not in full synchrony with the wider ideological drives of the government.

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