Ordinary Praiseworthiness and Blameworthiness

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-99
Author(s):  
Elinor Mason
Keyword(s):  
Background Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relevant Aspect ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Good Grasp ◽  
Huck Finn ◽  
The Moment

This chapter defends the connection between subjective rightness and ordinary praiseworthiness. First, merely acting on conscience is not enough for praiseworthiness. On the other hand, merely being motivated towards what is actually good is not enough either. Praiseworthiness, like trying, is subject to a ‘reflexivity requirement’. Nomy Arpaly uses the example of Huck Finn to argue that an agent can be praiseworthy without having a good grasp of morality, and without acting as they believe they ought. On a competing view, the ‘Searchlight View’, full awareness of every relevant aspect of the act at the moment of action is necessary for praise- or blameworthiness. Both of these views fail: Arpaly’s view does not meet the reflexivity requirement, and the Searchlight View meets too strong a version. Some awareness, some background knowledge is required, but it need not be as bright as a searchlight.

scholarly journals Os morfemas finais Ne e Yo da língua japonesa, à luz das funções do Kyüjôhô (informações dadas) e Shinjôhô (informações novas) - um estudo da subjetividade e emoção

1969 ◽  
pp. 125-145
Author(s):  
Yüki Mukai
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Human Relationship ◽  
Final Particle ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Final Particles

Japanese final particles (shüjoshi) are situated at a modus (modality) layer, which expresses the speaker’s subjective attitude regarding the dictum (proposition) such as his judgement, supposition, volition, emotion and order. The speaker uses the final particle yo to express an assertive attitude generally when he introduces new information to which he wants the addressee to pay attention. On the other hand, the speaker uses a final particle ne, expecting the addressee to agree with him or in order to make his utterance roundabout, introducing given/old information. However, the speaker’s choice of yo or ne depends not only on the informational structure of discourse, but also on the human relationship or on the strategy used by that speaker in the moment of his utterance.

scholarly journals A SENTENÇA DE MÉRITO PROLATADA COM A PRETERIÇÃO DO(S) LITISCONSORTE(S) NECESSÁRIO(S) UNITÁRIO(S): UMA ANÁLISE SOB A ÓTICA DOS PLANOS DOS ATOS PROCESSUAIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Lisiane Beatriz Fröhlich ◽  
Jonathan Iovane De Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Civil Procedure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Res Judicata ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Moment

RESUMOO presente estudo tem como objetivo geral compreender em qual dos planos dos atos processuais – existência, validade ou eficácia – reside o defeito que acomete a sentença de mérito prolatada com a preterição do(s) litisconsorte(s) necessário(s) unitário(s). A partir dos resultados obtidos com a pesquisa, constatou-se que, para o alcance de uma conclusão satisfatória a seu respeito, é imprescindível a verificação do momento em que é alegada a preterição do(s) litisconsorte(s) necessário(s) unitário(s). Assim, concluiu-se que, na eventualidade de a alegação ocorrer anteriormente ao trânsito em julgado, o defeito estará situado no plano da validade, tratando-se de uma nulidade absoluta. Por outro lado, após o trânsito em julgado, o que remanesce é o vício no plano da eficácia. Dessa forma, observa-se que a atual legislação processual civil não é incorreta, mas incompleta e carente de precisão. Isso porque, apesar da superlativa importância da definição do momento em que se está analisando o vício, o Código de Processo Civil de 2015 é omisso com relação a esse aspecto, potencializando as dúvidas a respeito do tema. Por fim, verificou-se que, devido à gravidade do defeito que acomete essa sentença – oriunda, sobretudo, da ofensa aos princípios constitucionais –, é possível que qualquer interessado o alegue. Além disso, pelos mesmos motivos, as vias processuais admissíveis para combater esse vício são variadas, podendo ser manejada a ação rescisória, a impugnação ao cumprimento de sentença, a querela nullitatis insanabilis ou, ainda, qualquer outro meio idôneo e compatível com a situação concreta.Palavras-chave: Litisconsórcio necessário unitário. Sentença de mérito. Inexistência. Invalidade. Ineficácia. ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study is to understand in which of the plans of procedural acts – existence, validity or efficacy – is situated the defect that affects the judgment of merit prolated with the pretermission of the necessary unitary collegitimate. From the results obtained with the research, it was verified that, in order to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion about it, it is essential to verify the moment when is alleged the omission of the necessary unitary collegitimate. Thus, it was concluded that, if the claim occurs before it is formed the res judicata, the defect is situated in the validity plan, being an absolute nullity. On the other hand, after the res judicata is formed, what remains is the inefficacy. Therefore, it was verified that the current civil procedural law is not incorrect, but incomplete and lacking precision. This is because, in spite of the superlative importance of defining which moment the defect is being analyzed, the Brazilian Civil Procedure Code of 2015 do not consider this aspect, potentializing doubts about the issue. Finally, it was discovered that, because of the severity of the defect that affects this veredict – originated, principally, from the offense to the constitutional principles – it is possible that any interested subject of the process can claim it. Besides that, for the same reasons, it is admitted the use of several procedural means to combat this decision, like the rescissory action, the enforcement’s impugnment of the judgment, the querela nullitatis insanabilis or any other suitable procedural means and compatible with the specific situation.Keywords: Necessary unitary joinder of parties. Judgment of merit. Inexistence. Invalidity. Inefficacy.

scholarly journals Execution of Fiducia Guarantee in Government Pawnshop Companies in Semarang City

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 4196-4200 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Other ◽  
Credit Facility ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Medium Enterprises

The line of business carried out by the pawnshop company is always experiencing growth. At the moment, it does not only provide facilities for lending money guaranteed by pawnshop but also includes other activities, one of which is a credit facility with fiduciary collateral. This fiduciary loan is intended to help Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises to obtain financing easily and quickly. This fiduciary guarantee benefits the creditors, because it can provide confidence that the debt will be repaid by the debtor in accordance with the agreement. On the other hand the giver guarantees the benefits of getting financing and can still use collateral. However, the use of fiduciary guarantees at the pawnshop company raises problems in practice. Among other things, there are differences in the principle between pawning with fiduciary collateral and fiduciary collateral execution if the debtor defaults.

scholarly journals A AQUISIÇÃO DA POSIÇÃO DO VERBO EM INGLÊS E ALEMÃO: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO | THE ACQUISITION OF VERBS IN ENGLISH AND GERMAN: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

2016 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Carolina Lacerda Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
Generative Grammar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Comparative Syntax ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
De Se ◽  
Individual Entity ◽  
The Moment

<p><strong>Resumo:</strong> A literatura que discute a sintaxe do verbo nas línguas naturais em geral assume que as línguas V2 são aquelas em que o verbo flexionado ocupa a segunda posição na sentença, sendo a primeira posição ocupada por qualquer outro elemento. O alemão, assim como outras línguas germânicas, é caracterizado como uma língua de tipo V2. O inglês, por outro lado, não apresenta a ordenação de constituintes segundo a qual o verbo obrigatoriamente ocupa a segunda posição na sentença, tendo sido considerado uma língua V2 apenas em seu período arcaico. Este artigo procura fazer um breve estudo comparativo analisando a fala de duas crianças, uma adquirindo o alemão e uma adquirindo o inglês britânico, em diferentes momentos (1;9 até 3;3). Com base na tipologia de Vikner (1995) temos como objetivo verificar até que ponto as duas línguas se assemelham, no âmbito da sintaxe, e em que momento passam a se comportar como línguas distintas no que respeita à posição do verbo uma vez que, linearmente, o inglês apresenta o verbo em segunda posição nas sentenças simples. Como hipótese, temos que um ponto decisivo para a diferenciação das duas gramáticas seria a aquisição de encaixadas. Desse modo, a criança que adquire o alemão começaria a apresentar traços de uma gramática V2 a partir do momento em que adquire sentenças encaixadas, dado que, diferentemente do inglês, esta língua não apresenta verbo em segunda posição nas subordinadas. A criança adquirindo o inglês, por outro lado, mantém a ordem V2 linear nas encaixadas.  O <em>corpus </em>utilizado neste trabalho é oriundo da base CHILDES e pode ser acessado <em>online</em>. O quadro teórico se baseia na noção de Gramática de Chomsky (1985), convencionada como Língua-I, que remete à possibilidade de se gerarem estruturas linguísticas e não, por exemplo, a um certo inventário de estruturas. Tais possibilidades são limitadas pela Gramática Universal, parte das faculdades inatas do ser humano, que dispõe de princípios imutáveis e parâmetros que podem ser fixados diferentemente em gramáticas particulares, determinando, assim, os limites de variação entre essas gramáticas (Chomsky &amp; Lasnik 1993). Cada gramática particular, neste sentido, representa uma determinada parametrização dos princípios da Gramática Universal. A gramática do falante, na teoria gerativa, será, portanto, uma entidade individual: uma gramática particular internalizada na mente de cada indivíduo.</p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> <em>The literature usually assumes that V2 languages are those in which the finite verb is on second position on the sentence, like it is in German. English, on the other hand, does not present the same linearization, so Vikner (1995) classified it as a residual V2-language. This paper aims to provide a comparative study analyzing the speech of two children, one acquiring German and the other acquiring European English, in different moments (1;9-3;3). Based on Vikner's typology, we try to verify how these two languages are syntactically alike and in which moment they begin to behave like different grammars, in what concern verb position, since, linearly, English also presents the verb in second position in matrix sentences. As a hypothesis, we believe that a crucial point in this differentiation would be the acquisition of subordinate sentences. In this sense, the child acquiring German would start presenting  V2 grammar traces on the moment s/he acquires subordinate sentences, since, unlike English, this grammar do not present V2 in subordinate structures. The child acquiring English, on the other hand, would maintain the V2 linearization on subordinate sentences. This work is based on the CHILDES corpus, which can be accessed online. The theoretic framework is based on Chomsky's (1985) notion of Grammar as I-Language, that refers to the possibility to generate language structures and not, for example, a certain inventory of structures. Those possibilities are limited by the Universal Grammar, part of human's innate faculties, that is formed by immutable principles and parameters that can be differently fixed by different particular grammars determining the limits of language variation between those grammars. In this sense, each particular grammar represents a different parametrization of the Universal Grammar's principles. Each speaker's grammar, in this sense, will be an individual entity: a particular grammar internalized in the individual's mind</em><em>.</em></p><p>Keywords: <em>Language Acquisition; V2; Comparative Syntax; Generative Grammar.</em></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Media. The Transformation of Relations between Script and Image - from Analogue Media to Interactive Environment

2017 ◽  
pp. 251-263
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Smaga
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
The Other ◽  
Graphical Interface ◽  
Specific Question ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Interactive Environment ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The One

A digital communiqué operates with GUI not to depict, describe or structure the meanings but, above all, to transfer them. At the moment of clicking, that is, when a specific question is being asked by the user (customer), specific semiotically varied content is downloaded and displayed on the screen in accordance with the pre-designed, graphic template. Thus, graphical interface treats writing and image on the one hand as heterogeneous units – stored in databases, in a way that makes them quick and easy to find; on the other hand – heteronomous, that is, affecting each other at the level of presentation and manipulation of the message. Graphical edition skillfully combines the expectations of recipients concerning the access to the message: on the one hand – precise (along the lines of the language), on the other – economic, reducing (iconic), and it merges in this way two structures of reception, considered in our culture to be different. Pragmatic functionality of digital message is understood as accurate and synthetic mediation, which results in further analogous features from the level of semiotics and semantics, where the highlighted three planes of the communiqué circulate in the feedback loop.

A Playwright Relaxed or Overworked?

1963 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
R. Sri Pathmanathan
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Greek Tragedy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Old Comedy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Grotesque

Having been associated with a recent production of Euripides' Cyclops in the original Greek at Ibadan, I feel prompted to reply to Peter Arnott's charges against Euripides' adaptation of the well-known episode in Homer's Odyssey, ix. We know very little about the origin and nature of satyric drama, and it seems unfair to discuss the structure of the Cyclops on a priori grounds or to compare it with the form of Greek tragedy. We do not subject Old Comedy to this kind of treatment because we are aware in this case of the dissimilar elements which came together to produce the disjointed articulation that Old Comedy displays. It may well be that ‘the pattern of decline’ in the composition of the choruses and episodes noted by Arnott is not the result of hasty composition and overwork but is merely indicative of a looser structure allowed by the conventions of the satyr play. On the other hand, the intervention of the chorus in the Cyclops is always eminently dramatic— not too long-drawn-out or too brief—and gives a life and impetus to the play which modern audiences, unfamiliar with the choral tradition of Greek tragedy, miss in more regularly constructed plays. The ‘miserable couplet’ which serves as exodos is not unparalleled even in tragedy, although the iambics in place of the more usual anapaests are certainly unexpected. In general, the choral odes are admirably suited to the grotesque personalities of the satyrs; they include two haunting lyrics, lines 495–502 and 511–18 (unfortunately somewhat mutilated) which rank in rhythm and imagery with some of the best of Euripides, and at the moment of greatest tension, in the third and fourth stasima, are commendably brief and onomatopoeic.

“My Lost Brothers and Sisters!”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Leite
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Emotional Intimacy ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Brothers And Sisters

This chapter focuses on the desires and conceptual frameworks that led the urban Marranos and foreign Jews to each other and through which they made sense of each other's presence and actions. Most forms of direct tourist–toured interaction studied by anthropologists occur within highly mediated contexts that emphasize difference. Among Marranos and their foreign visitors, on the other hand, there was a shared assumption of fundamental commonality, communicative transparency, and goodwill that resulted in surprisingly informal exchanges. However, beneath the appearance of mutual understanding and even emotional intimacy, culturally distinct structures of reasoning led to continual partial misunderstanding, or communicative slippage, both in the moment of encounter and after. And yet far from causing discord, it was precisely that slippage that enabled their interactions to work smoothly.

Terence and the Familiarisation of Comedy

Ramus ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 20-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Fantham
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Sequence ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Let me start by quoting a paragraph from a century old edition of Terence, which will serve as a reminder of changes in our background knowledge of both comedy and this particular comic playwright: Of the six extant Terentian comedies the Andria is the most pathetic, the Adelphoe in general more true to human nature than the rest, the Eunuchus the most varied and lively, with the largest number of interesting characters, and the Hecyra the one of least merit. All six are remarkable for the art with which the plot is unfolded through the natural sequence of incidents and play of motives. Striking effects, sharp contrasts and incongruities, which meet us in many plays of Plautus, are almost wholly absent. All is smooth, consistent and moderate, without any of the extravagance of exuberant humour or even creative fancy which characterizes the writing of the older poet. But Terence was essentially an imitative artist and his distinguishing feature was his artistic finish, a fact fully recognized by Horace (Epistle 2.1.59).There is plenty here to question, if not correct. What does it mean to call Adelphoe more true to human nature? What defines an ‘interesting character’? And do present day readers still find Hecyra the play of least merit? As for the art with which Terence’s plots are unfolded, we still cannot guess how much of this is his own contribution rather than derived from Menander (whose plays were still unknown when this edition was written). However, scholars have used both the evidence given by Terence in the prologues and his commentator Donatus to identify where he has himself innovated in his plots—removing the expository prologues to replace irony with suspense, introducing a second lover and slave into Andria, working a braggart soldier and his parasite into Eunuchus and inserting an abduction scene into the second act of Adelphoe. And yet it was Terence’s immediate predecessor Caecilius whom Varro, most learned of ancient critics, praised for his superior plots. Certainly Terence does not indulge in the extravagance of Plautus, but is this because he is ‘essentially an imitative artist’? On the other hand I would not challenge the editor’s evaluation of his scripts as ‘smooth, consistent and moderate’ or his praise for the playwright’s ‘artistic finish’. Instead I would ask if this is what we want, or ought to want from comedy.

Travail Exterieur, Statut Socio-Economique et Relations Sociales Chez un Groupe de Femmes Âgées

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 48-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Labrecque
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Femmes Âgées

ABSTRACTWomen who have returned to the labour force after the departure of their children from home or the death of their husband have a lower level of social relationships at the moment of their 'retirement. Thus, they tend to increase these relationships to a higher level than the remainder of the female population, including those who had worked outside the home all their lives. On the other hand, while sociocconomic status which is defined by the characteristics of the deceased husband is bound to favour traditional relationships (with kin and children), a status defined by the characteristics of the woman herself tends to favour relationships with friends and memberships in associations.

Expressing and legitimating ‘actionable knowledge’ from within ‘the moment of acting’

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Shotter
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Actionable Knowledge ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Professional Practitioners ◽  
The Moment

As living, embodied beings, communication begins in, and continues with, our living, spontaneous, expressive-responsive (gestural), bodily activities that occur in the meetings between ourselves and the others and othenesses around us. It is by our 1st-person expressions that we influence the actions of others — our tellings are much more important than our reportings . Thus, as I see it, abstract and general theories are of little help to us in the unique living of our unique lives together, either as ordinary people, as professional practitioners, or as action researchers. On the other hand, however, the specific words of others, uttered as ‘reminders’ at a timely moments within an ongoing practice, drawing out attention to unnoticed features of the practice, can be a crucial influence in developing and refining it further. In this paper I distinguish between two kinds of speech/writing: ‘withness (dialogic)’ -talk and ‘aboutness (monologic)’ -talk . Crucial in this distinction is our spontaneous, expressive, living, bodily responsiveness. While monological aboutness-talk is unresponsive to the activities of the others around us, dialogical withness-talk is not. In being spontaneously responsive both to the expressions of others, as well as our own, as I show in the paper, it engenders in us both unique anticipations as to what-next might happen along with, so to speak, ‘action-guiding advisories’ as to what-next we might do — a feature that is of central relevance for action research.

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