Transmission Impairments and Power Consumption in Optical Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 399-428
Author(s):  
Debasish Datta
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
Nonlinear Phenomena ◽  
Optical Receivers ◽  
Transmission Impairments ◽  
Active Devices ◽  
The Impact

The physical layer in optical networks suffers from various transmission impairments due to the non-ideal passive and active devices used therein. For example, losses in various passive optical devices and fiber links, noise generated in optical receivers and amplifiers, dispersion and nonlinear phenomena in optical fibers, and crosstalk in optical switches can degrade the quality of the received signal at some destination nodes, thereby increasing the receiver BER beyond an acceptable limit. However, power consumption in various active devices across a network keeps increasing with the growth of network traffic and size, demanding power-aware designs of the network elements and protocols. Here, we examine the impact of various transmission impairments in optical networks, followed by possible impairment-aware designs for different networking segments. Finally, we present some power-aware design approaches for optical networks. (132 words)

Estimating OLED Display Device Lifetime from pixel and screen brightness and its application

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémie Gerhardt ◽  
Michael E. Miller ◽  
Hyunjin Yoo ◽  
Tara Akhavan
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Display Device ◽  
Image Processing Algorithm ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
Device Lifetime ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oled Display

In this paper we discuss a model to estimate the power consumption and lifetime (LT) of an OLED display based on its pixel value and the brightness setting of the screen (scbr). This model is used to illustrate the effect of OLED aging on display color characteristics. Model parameters are based on power consumption measurement of a given display for a number of pixel and scbr combinations. OLED LT is often given for the most stressful display operating situation, i.e. white image at maximum scbr, but having the ability to predict the LT for other configurations can be meaningful to estimate the impact and quality of new image processing algorithms. After explaining our model we present a use case to illustrate how we use it to evaluate the impact of an image processing algorithm for brightness adaptation.

scholarly journals APPLICATIONS OF THE LIGHT LASER WITH SPATIAL INCOHERENCE AND BIONIC OPTIMIZATION TO THE OPTICAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-185
Author(s):  
Samuel Ángel Jaramillo Flórez ◽  
Yuli Fernanda Achipiz
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Optical Communications ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Optical Receivers ◽  
Spherical Lens ◽  
Optical Wireless Communications

The bioelectronics takes of the biology the optimized elements for to do a copy and to build technological mechanisms with functions based in that of body lives components. Telecommunications and biology present an analogy between the optical receivers and insects eyes, which forms are adequate to receipt signal since a transmitter, and these are been leaded to perfection by the nature during millions of years in the environment adaptation. The sizes and the forms depend of the direction of the waves and of the radiation pattern of these biotransmitters and bioreceivers (omatidies of insects eyes), which is similar as the optical communications emitters and photodetectors. The growth of the telecommunication services makes necessary the optimization of the bandwidth of the transmission channels. Although the optic transmission is considered like the ideal as for the attenuation and distortion characteristics that make that it possesses the better relation bandwidth - longitude, the demand of more transmission capacity forces to take advantage of them efficiently. High costs generated when deploying Optic Fiber Networks at the transport level, together with other factors that avoid PONs arriving to the home and/or office, have impulsed the design and implementation of partially optical networks (FITL), including an alternative that uses infrared light. This work explores the basis of these news access networks, and it is presented an optical communication transmission/reception system with optic channel of free space where has been modulated the transmitter laser through a set of spherical lens and optical fibers that expand the beam of light to different points of an indoor enclosure producing multiple punctual images located in positions that permit to determine and to optimize the bandwidth of the system. The computational simulation results are showed and are compared with those experimentally measured, indicating that this is an original method for to design emitters and receivers of high performance for optical communications.

Technologies for Optical Networking

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-132
Author(s):  
Debasish Datta
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Lasers ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Wdm Optical Networks ◽  
Active Devices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optical Domain ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
To Receive

The technologies used in optical networks have evolved seamlessly over the past six decades. Optical fibers with extremely low loss and enormous bandwidth are used as the transmission medium, while semiconductor lasers and LEDs serve as optical sources, and the photodetectors – pin and avalanche photodiodes – are used to receive the optical signal at the destination nodes. The transmitted optical signal has to pass through a variety of network elements, which in turn need a wide range of passive and active devices, carrying out the necessary networking functionalities. For WDM optical networks, many of these tasks need to be accomplished in the optical domain itself in a wavelength-selective manner, calling for various types of WDM-based networking elements. In this chapter, we present a comprehensive description of the optical and optoelectronic devices that are used in today’s optical networks. (137 words)

scholarly journals Angry Apps: The Impact of Network Timer Selection on Power Consumption, Signalling Load, and Web QoE

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schwartz ◽  
Tobias Hoßfeld ◽  
Frank Lehrieder ◽  
Phuoc Tran-Gia
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Web Traffic ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The Impact

The popularity of smartphones and mobile applications has experienced a considerable growth during the recent years, and this growth is expected to continue in the future. Since smartphones have only very limited energy resources, battery efficiency is one of the determining factors for a good user experience. Therefore, some smartphones tear down connectionsto the mobile network soon after a completed data transmission to reduce the power consumption of their transmission unit. However, frequent connection reestablishments caused by apps which send or receive small amounts of data often lead to a heavy signalling load within the mobile network. One of the major contributions of this paper is the investigation of the resulting tradeoff between energy consumption at the smartphone and the generated signalling traffic in the mobile network. We explain that this tradeoff can be controlled by the connection release timeout and study the impact of this parameter for a number of popular apps that cover a wide range of traffic characteristics in terms of bandwidth requirements and resulting signalling traffic. Finally, we study the impact of the timer settings on Quality of Experience (QoE) for web traffic. This is an important aspect since connection establishments not only lead to signalling traffic but also increase the load time of web pages.

Role of Self Phase Modulation and Cross Phase Modulation on Quality of Signal in Optical Links

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karamjit Kaur ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Phase Modulation ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Wdm Networks ◽  
Signal Power ◽  
Optical Links ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Quality Of Transmission ◽  
The Impact

Background: In WDM networks, there is a crucial need to monitor signal degradation factors in order to maintain the quality of transmission. This is more critical in dynamic optical networks as non-linear impairments are network state dependent. Moreover, PLIs are accumulative in nature, so the overall impact is increased tremendously as the length of signal path is increased. The interactions between different impairments along the path also influence their overall impact. Objective: Among the different impairments, the present work focus on phase modulations owing to intensities of signals themselves as well as the neighboring signals. It includes the influence of SPM, SPM and XPM, system parameters like signal power, wavelength and fiber parameters like attenuation coefficient, dispersion coefficient and their influence on Q-value and BER. Method: The analysis is done through a single and two-channel transmitter system with varied power, wavelengths and system parameters. The corresponding optical spectrums are analysed. Result & Conclusion: It has been found that SPM and XPM pose broadening effect on spectrum without any effect on temporal distributions. The magnitude of signal power is among the parameters significantly influencing the broadening of spectrum. Higher is the power, more is the magnitude of broadening. It has been found that in order to neglect the impact of input power; its magnitude must be kept below 20 mW. Also, the dispersion and attenuation value need to be carefully as they pose counteracting effect to SPM and XPM for certain values and hence can be used as compensation measure without any additional cost.

scholarly journals Investigation on Chalcogenide Glass Additive Manufacturing for Shaping Mid-infrared Optical Components and Microstructured Optical Fibers

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Julie Carcreff ◽  
François Cheviré ◽  
Ronan Lebullenger ◽  
Antoine Gautier ◽  
Radwan Chahal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Chalcogenide Glass ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Chalcogenide Glasses ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
Optical Components ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

In this work, an original way of shaping chalcogenide optical components has been investigated. Thorough evaluation of the properties of chalcogenide glasses before and after 3D printing has been carried out in order to determine the impact of the 3D additive manufacturing process on the material. In order to evaluate the potential of such additive glass manufacturing, several preliminary results obtained with various chalcogenide objects and components, such as cylinders, beads, drawing preforms and sensors, are described and discussed. This innovative 3D printing method opens the way for many applications involving chalcogenide fiber elaboration, but also many other chalcogenide glass optical devices.

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

Surgery for Lung Cancer and the Consequences for the Swallow

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Pippa Hales ◽  
Corinne Mossey-Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Physiological Reserve ◽  
Palliative Phase ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Swallow Function

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers across Northern America and Europe. Treatment options offered are dependent on the type of cancer, the location of the tumor, the staging, and the overall health of the person. When surgery for lung cancer is offered, difficulty swallowing is a potential complication that can have several influencing factors. Surgical interaction with the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) can lead to unilateral vocal cord palsy, altering swallow function and safety. Understanding whether the RLN has been preserved, damaged, or sacrificed is integral to understanding the effect on the swallow and the subsequent treatment options available. There is also the risk of post-surgical reduction of physiological reserve, which can reduce the strength and function of the swallow in addition to any surgery specific complications. As lung cancer has a limited prognosis, the clinician must also factor in the palliative phase, as this can further increase the burden of an already compromised swallow. By understanding the surgery and the implications this may have for the swallow, there is the potential to reduce the impact of post-surgical complications and so improve quality of life (QOL) for people with lung cancer.

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