Commissioning Needs a Population Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
Julie Sin
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Health Gain ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Population Approach ◽  
Outcomes Of Care ◽  
Synergistic Relationship

This chapter looks at the synergistic relationship between the concepts of commissioning and population health gain, and some practical ways to enable this connectivity. In simple terms, commissioning refers to securing services for the population, and a whole population perspective is clearly integral to this effort. This chapter introduces four key perspectives of a population approach that can be applied to any health issue in the commissioning sphere. These are the consideration of Epidemiological context, effective Preventive opportunities, a focus on addressing Inequities in access and outcomes of care, and a whole Care pathway and System perspective. (The acronym ‘EPICS’ can be used to aid recall if needed). Application of these would be underpinned by using an evidence-based approach. Together these summary perspectives offer a quick schema to scope any health topic in practice which can be used as needed for the task in-hand. Examples are given.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Julie Sin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Practical Purpose ◽  
Health Gain ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Population Approach

This introductory chapter sets out the book’s practical purpose to be a useful and salient guide in the real life arena of commissioning and health services decision-making for better population health outcomes. The book is grounded in the experience of health services in England where the intention is to provide a comprehensive range of services on a whole population basis. The reader will be taken through the book using the main anchoring point of commissioning, the process of securing services for populations within finite resources. The book is structured in two parts. The first half (Part I) contains core topics to help build confidence about commissioning for health gain. It covers the purpose of commissioning, its health service context, and offers concepts that tangibly link commissioning actions with a population approach. Part II builds on that to cover more applied topics that commissioners will need to navigate in practice.

The Role of the School Nurse in Creating a Vape-Free School

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Lisa Frey Blume ◽  
Shannon Lines
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Student Support ◽  
School Nurse ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Nicotine Content

Electronic, or “e”-cigarette use has been adopted by an alarming number of teens in recent years. E-cigarettes are neither legal for youth nor considered safe for use by youth. E-cigarette companies have targeted youth in their marketing strategies and developed appealing flavors with high nicotine content to ensure dependence on their products. Schools lack adequate resources and capacity to address e-cigarette use, relying mostly on punitive sanctions for what is essentially a health issue. School nurses can help their districts and schools by navigating appropriate consequences for vaping, providing accurate information and education, providing cessation resources, advocating for student support, and informing stakeholders on population health strategies to prevent initiation and reduce youth e-cigarette use.

scholarly journals ‘Silent Pandemic’: Evidence-Based Environmental and Public Health Practices to Respond to the COVID-19 Crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raimi Morufu Olalekan ◽  
Aziba-anyam Gift Raimi ◽  
Teddy Charles Adias
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Health Practices ◽  
Environmental Public Health ◽  
Health Action ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Uncertain Time

Given the unprecedented novel nature and scale of coronavirus and the global nature of this public health crisis, which upended many public/environmental research norms almost overnight. However, with further waves of the virus expected and more pandemics anticipated. The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 opened our eyes to the ever-changing conditions and uncertainty that exists in our world today, particularly with regards to environmental and public health practices disruption. This paper explores environmental and public health evidence-based practices toward responding to Covid-19. A literature review tried to do a deep dive through the use of various search engines such as Mendeley, Research Gate, CAB Abstract, Google Scholar, Summon, PubMed, Scopus, Hinari, Dimension, OARE Abstract, SSRN, Academia search strategy toward retrieving research publications, “gray literature” as well as reports from expert working groups. To achieve enhanced population health, it is recommended to adopt widespread evidence-based strategies, particularly in this uncertain time. As only together can evidence-informed decision-making (EIDM) can become a reality which include effective policies and practices, transparency and accountability of decisions, and equity outcomes; these are all more relevant in resource-constrained contexts, such as Nigeria. Effective and ethical EIDM though requires the production as well as use of high-quality evidence that are timely, appropriate and structured. One way to do so is through co-production. Co-production (or co-creation or co-design) of environmental/public health evidence considered as a key tool for addressing complex global crises such as the high risk of severe COVID-19 in different nations. A significant evidence-based component of environmental/public health (EBEPH) consist of decisions making based on best accessible, evidence that is peer-reviewed; using data as well as systematic information systems; community engagement in policy making; conducting sound evaluation; do a thorough program-planning frameworks; as well as disseminating what is being learned. As researchers, scientists, statisticians, journal editors, practitioners, as well as decision makers strive to improve population health, having a natural tendency toward scrutinizing the scientific literature aimed at novel research findings serving as the foundation for intervention as well as prevention programs. The main inspiration behind conducting research ought to be toward stimulating and collaborating appropriately on public/environmental health action. Hence, there is need for a “Plan B” of effective behavioral, environmental, social as well as systems interventions (BESSI) toward reducing transmission.

The trade-off between equity and efficiency in population health gain: Making it real

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sandiford ◽  
D. Vivas Consuelo ◽  
P. Rouse ◽  
D. Bramley
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Health Gain ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Equity And Efficiency

scholarly journals Evidence-based Standardized Care Plans for Use Internationally to Improve Home Care Practice and Population Health

2011 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Foster ◽  
T. Gomez ◽  
J.K. Poulsen ◽  
J. Mast ◽  
B.L. Westra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Population Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
Public Comment ◽  
Omaha System ◽  
On Line ◽  
Standardized Care

Summary Objectives: To develop evidence-based standardized care plans (EB-SCP) for use internationally to improve home care practice and population health. Methods: A clinical-expert and scholarly method consisting of clinical experts recruitment, identification of health concerns, literature reviews, development of EB-SCPs using the Omaha System, a public comment period, revisions and consensus. Results: Clinical experts from Canada, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United States participated in the project, together with University of Minnesota School of Nursing graduate students and faculty researchers. Twelve Omaha System problems were selected by the participating agencies as a basic home care assessment that should be used for all elderly and disabled patients. Interventions based on the literature and clinical expertise were compiled into EB-SCPs, and reviewed by the group. The EB-SCPs were revised and posted on-line for public comment; revised again, then approved in a public meeting by the participants. The EB-SCPs are posted on-line for international dissemination. Conclusions: Home care EB-SCPs were successfully developed and published on-line. They provide a shared standard for use in practice and future home care research. This process is an exemplar for development of evidence-based practice standards to be used for assessment and documentation to support global population health and research.

scholarly journals Public health and economics: a marriage of necessity

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Maynard
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Health Gain ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
What Works ◽  
Prevention And Cure ◽  
Effective Public Health

With resources always scarce limited resources have to be targeted at those interventions, prevention and cure, that give the greatest population health gain at least cost. Mere identification of <em>what works</em> in prevention is inadequate unless this evidence is supplemented with economic analysis that identifies what is cost effective. Public health without the use of economics is incomplete.

scholarly journals Using natural experimental studies to guide public health action: turning the evidence-based medicine paradigm on its head

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ogilvie ◽  
Jean Adams ◽  
Adrian Bauman ◽  
Edward W. Gregg ◽  
Jenna Panter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Health Action

Despite smaller effect sizes, interventions delivered at population level to prevent non-communicable diseases generally have greater reach, impact and equity than those delivered to high-risk groups. Nevertheless, how to shift population behaviour patterns in this way remains one of the greatest uncertainties for research and policy. Evidence about behaviour change interventions that are easier to evaluate tends to overshadow that for population-wide and system-wide approaches that generate and sustain healthier behaviours. Population health interventions are often implemented as natural experiments, which makes their evaluation more complex and unpredictable than a typical randomised controlled trial (RCT). We discuss the growing importance of evaluating natural experiments and their distinctive contribution to the evidence for public health policy. We contrast the established evidence-based practice pathway, in which RCTs generate ‘definitive’ evidence for particular interventions, with a practice-based evidence pathway in which evaluation can help adjust the compass bearing of existing policy. We propose that intervention studies should focus on reducing critical uncertainties, that non-randomised study designs should be embraced rather than tolerated and that a more nuanced approach to appraising the utility of diverse types of evidence is required. The complex evidence needed to guide public health action is not necessarily the same as that which is needed to provide an unbiased effect size estimate. The practice-based evidence pathway is neither inferior nor merely the best available when all else fails. It is often the only way to generate meaningful evidence to address critical questions about investing in population health interventions.

scholarly journals E-cigarette use among Canadian Youth: A review of the literature using an interdisciplinary lens

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Samantha Oostlander ◽  
Julia Hajjar ◽  
Elise Pausé
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Canadian Youth ◽  
Interdisciplinary Perspective

Objective: The increasing use of e-cigarettes among Canadian youth is a concerning population health issue. Vaping, the act of using an e-cigarette, was initially marketed as a healthier alternative to smoking traditional cigarettes, however its use is having unintended negative consequences on those who use them. One of the most concerning consequences is the presence of “e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury” (EVALI) which had led to hospitalization. Youth in particular are an overrepresented demographic affected by these negative consequences, likely as a result of both exposure to marketing, which is a well-established determinant of youth behavior as well as inadequate public policy. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the literature surrounding the issue of e-cigarette use among youth from an interdisciplinary perspective. Method: A narrative review was conducted to summarize the state of e-cigarette use among young Canadians and conceptualize this problem from the perspective of public policy, followed by biomedicine, health economics and education. Results: The results of this review are a summary of the current state of the literature framed with an interdisciplinary perspective. Recommendations for how these interdisciplinary perspectives can be brought together to provide effective solutions for this population health issue are provided. Conclusion: Identifying and understanding this problem through an interdisciplinary approach has the potential to create effective and sustainable solutions. Partnerships between school boards and governmental bodies can enhance educational resource allocation and align messaging to youth through several platforms.

Toward Evidence-Based Practice in the Auditory Processing Disorder Clinic

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patti M. Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Auditory Processing Disorder ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Vocal Cues ◽  
Research Paradigms

Abstract Audiologists are seeking evidence to guide clinical decision-making regarding the tests used to diagnose auditory processing disorder (APD) in children. Novel research paradigms using a population health framework hold promise in helping clinicians understand the prevalence, profile, and social underpinnings of APD in the general pediatric population. In addition, tests employing novel stimuli like speech-evoked auditory potentials or spatial and vocal cues may lead the way toward a new and more reliable APD test battery.

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