The Archaeological Perception of Capital and its Transformations in Urban Occupations

2020 ◽  
pp. 195-222
Author(s):  
Nicolas Monteix
Keyword(s):  
Urban Economy ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Technological System ◽  
Archaeological Data

This chapter explores the notions of capital, innovation, and investment in urban occupations during the Roman period, viewed through archaeological data. With regard to these three factors, it focuses not upon macroscopic changes in the entire technological system but on ‘microscopic’ variations in urban occupations, based on a thorough analysis of the chaînes opératoires involved in the various urban crafts and trades. Leaving aside the difficulty of any attempt to draw a realistic synthesis, it shows that the quantitative and qualitative diversity of shops and workshops should be understood as a performant indicator of the urban economy: when added together, the different forms of real capitalization would appear to be a generative force.

The Germani and the German Provinces of Rome

2015 ◽  
pp. 408-436
Author(s):  
Claus von Carnap-Bornheim
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Contact Zone ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Economic Interaction ◽  
Late Roman Period ◽  
Military Development ◽  
The Military

This chapter focuses on the Germani and the German provinces of the Roman Empire. It first considers the so-called ‘ethnic interpretation’ of the archaeological data in the lands between Danube, Rhine, and Elbe before discussing Germanic settlement and building structures among the German populations of the borderlands in the immediate contact zone of the limes. It then examines the significance of Roman imports into Germanic Barbaricum, along with the rise of Germanic elites under the influence of, in conjunction with, and sometimes dependent on Rome. It also considers the development of the military within western Germanic Barbaricum, with emphasis on patterns in the Germanic context as a driving force of military development up to the Late Roman period; and the exchange of goods as the basis of economic interaction between Rome and Germany. Finally, the chapter describes the militarization of Germanic society and the transition from asymmetric to symmetric warfare.

scholarly journals The Beautiful Festival of the Valley in the Graeco-Roman Period: A Revised Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Lauren Dogaer
Keyword(s):  
Roman Period ◽  
Landscape Analysis ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Theban Necropolis ◽  
Adequate Research

The pharaonic Beautiful Festival of the Valley has already been studied extensively by various scholars. However, no adequate research has hitherto been carried out into the Ptolemaic and Roman Periods. This paper proposes what the final phase of the festival would have looked like and argues that it did not merge with the Decadal Festival, as became the opinio communis. The Graeco-Roman archaeological data from the Theban necropolis were plotted in GIS (ArcGIS 10.7.1) to determine that these finds can still be linked to the processional paths used for the Valley Festival, as was the case in older periods. The indications provided by the spatial distributions together with papyrological sources and landscape analysis support the hypothesis that the Valley Festival continued to be celebrated into the Graeco-Roman Period.

Analysis of interconnections between technical systems on hierarchically connected technological levels of steel sheet production by hot rolling

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 847-855
Author(s):  
E. N. Shiryaeva ◽  
M. A. Polyakov ◽  
D. V. Terent'ev
Keyword(s):  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Rolling Mill ◽  
Steel Sheet ◽  
Technological System ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Rolled Sheet ◽  
Technological Systems ◽  
Hot Rolling Mill ◽  
Technical Systems

Complexity of modern metallurgical plants, presence of great number of horizontal and vertical interactions between their various structural subdivisions makes it necessary to apply a systems analysis to elaborate effective measures for stable development of a plant operation. Among such measures, digitalization of a plant is widespread at present. To implement the digitalization it is necessary to have clear vision about links at all the levels of the technological system of a plant. A terminology quoted, accepted in the existing regulatory documents for defining of conceptions, comprising the technological system. It was shown, that the following four hierarchical levels of technological systems are distinguished: technological systems of operations, technological systems of processes, technological systems of production subdivisions and technological systems of plants. A hierarchical scheme of technological systems of hot-rolled sheet production at an integrated steel plant presented. Existing horizontal and vertical links between the basic plant’s shops shown. Peculiarities of flows of material, energy and information at the operation “rolling” of the technological system “hot rolling of a steel sheet” considered. As a technical system of the technological process of the hot rolling, the hot rolling mill was chosen. A structural diagram of the hot rolling mill was elaborated, the mill being consisted of reheating furnaces, roughing and finishing stand groups, with an intermediate roll-table between them, and down-coilers section. Since the rolling stands are the basic structural elements of the hot rolling mill, structural diagrams of a roughing and a finishing stands were elaborated. Results of the systems analysis of the technological and technical systems, hierarchically linked in the process of steel sheet hot rolling, can be applied for perfection of organization structure of the whole plant, as well as for elaboration mathematical models of a system separate elements functioning, which is a necessary condition for a plant digitalization.

Mathematical Model of Flat Surface Machining Inaccuracies due to Elastic Strains of Technological System

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. I. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vector Field ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Technological System ◽  
Mutual Arrangement ◽  
Real Surface ◽  
Main Bearing ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Internal Surfaces ◽  
Elastic Strains

The paper considers the mathematical model development technique to build a vector field of the shape deviations when machining flat surfaces of shell parts on multi-operational machines under conditions of anisotropic rigidity in technological system (TS). The technological system has an anisotropic rigidity, as its elastic strains do not obey the accepted concepts, i.e. the rigidity towards the coordinate axes of the machine is the same, and they occur only towards the external force. The record shows that the diagrams of elastic strains of machine units are substantially different from the circumference. The issues to ensure the specified accuracy require that there should be mathematical models describing kinematic models and physical processes of mechanical machining under conditions of the specific TS. There are such models for external and internal surfaces of rotation [2,3], which are successfully implemented in practice. Flat surfaces (FS) of shell parts (SP) are both assembly and processing datum surfaces. Therefore, on them special stipulations are made regarding deviations of shape and mutual arrangement. The axes of the main bearing holes are coordinated with respect to them. The joints that ensure leak tightness and distributed load on the product part are closed on these surfaces. The paper deals with the analytical construction of the vector field F, which describes with appropriate approximation the real surface obtained as a result of modeling the process of machining flat surfaces (MFS) through face milling under conditions of anisotropic properties.

Iron Age and Roman Enclosed Settlement at Winchester Road, Basingstoke

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-97
Author(s):  
Richard Massey ◽  
Matt Nichol ◽  
Dana Challinor ◽  
Sharon Clough ◽  
Matilda Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Field Boundary ◽  
Crop Processing ◽  
Late Iron Age ◽  
Middle Iron Age ◽  
Grave Goods

Excavation in Area 1 identified an enclosed settlement of Middle–Late Iron Age and Early Roman date, which included a roundhouse gully and deep storage pits with complex fills. A group of undated four-post structures, situated in the east of Area 1, appeared to represent a specialised area of storage or crop processing of probable Middle Iron Age date. A sequence of re-cutting and reorganisation of ditches and boundaries in the Late Iron Age/Early Roman period was followed, possibly after a considerable hiatus, by a phase of later Roman activity, Late Iron Age reorganisation appeared to be associated with the abandonment of a roundhouse, and a number of structured pit deposits may also relate to this period of change. Seven Late Iron Age cremation burials were associated with a contemporary boundary ditch which crossed Area 1. Two partly-exposed, L-shaped ditches may represent a later Roman phase of enclosed settlement and a slight shift in settlement focus. An isolated inhumation burial within the northern margins of Area 1 was tentatively dated by grave goods to the Early Saxon period.<br/> Area 2 contained a possible trackway and field boundary ditches, of which one was of confirmed Late Iron Age/Early Roman date. A short posthole alignment in Area 2 was undated, and may be an earlier prehistoric feature.

Architecture of the Official Spaces of Selected Residences in Nea Paphos, Cyprus

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Brzozowska-Jawornicka
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Special Arrangement

This paper deals with public areas in ancient residences. These zones, emphasising the social status of the owners of the houses, are analysed in several large residences erected in the Graeco-Roman Period in Nea Paphos, Cyprus: the ‘Hellenistic’ House, the Villa of Theseus, and the House of Aion. Particularly, the special arrangement of the layout and the architectural decoration of three major public zones were studied: the entrance, the main courtyard, and the main room.

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