Channelling Movement

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-169
Author(s):  
Luca Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Channel Flows ◽  
Political Fragmentation ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Petty Corruption

Across the Empire, authorities competed to channel fiscally exploitable movements of goods and people through their dominions. Because it combined high traffic volumes with strong political fragmentation, this chapter focuses on Thuringia. Issuing letters of passage was one of the most effective means of monopolizing the legitimate means of movement. In practice, however, the issuance of passports and similar documents implied a bureaucratic burden and a symbolic subjection that not all were willing to accept. Distinctions between designated and forbidden roads were another hallmark of the early modern roadscape. By criminalizing the use of certain roads, authorities hoped to channel flows to their benefit, but local communities and travellers often had their own views on which roads were licit. The rulers’ deputies on the ground played a key role in a context where conflicts of interest and petty corruption were common, with their position often oscillating between unchecked authority and downright helplessness.

scholarly journals Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum: Kepedulian Dan Kerjasama Gerejawi Untuk Tanah Misi Dan Di Tanah Misi

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (29) ◽  
pp. 408-433
Author(s):  
Alphonsus Tjatur Raharso Tjatur Raharso
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Mission Work ◽  
Christ Church ◽  
Apostolic See ◽  
Central Organ ◽  
Mandate System ◽  
The Church

The concern to the situation and condition to all other members of the Church and the collaboration for the welfare of the entire Church is the expression of communio (communion) which is the character of Christ Church. The arise of Church in the mission land and its development which like the mustard seed is the fruit of the concern and collaboration of the missionaries showed by the community and Church which have been founded along the history. Considering Church resources are always limited, every form of across continents concern and collaboration should be done effectively. In the process of the evangelization in the mission land, these concern and collaboration encounter various forms of initiatives; starting from the simple, spontaneous, sporadic and individual to the consistent, coordinated organizations. These concern and collaboration often find frictions, conflicts of interest, impartialities, and injustice; especially concerning the implementation of the power of jurisdiction in the mission land and the submission to the superiority of the mission leaders. The negative excesses are seen and observed objectively and corrected to attain the more effective concerns and collaboration for the sake of the development of the mission work. The apostolic see is the central organ has explored and successfully founded an effective and sustainable missionary collaboration system, from the commissio to the mandate system. Nowadays, the missionary concern and collaboration across particular churches have not been centralized, but assigned to each local communities and particular Churches, to develop mutual collaboration according to the mutual need and projects through the written agreement to mutual minister

scholarly journals Dakwah and Awik Awik as Local Wisdom for Forest Preservation In a Muslim Community in West Lombok

ULUMUNA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-318
Author(s):  
Mohammad Liwa Irrubai
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Community Members ◽  
The People

This article aims to examine the Awik-awik originating from the local wisdom of a Muslim community in West Lombok and analyzes its interrelation to Islamic propagation (dakwah). This traditional village norms serve as a guide to the people to deal with the forest. Since Islam promotes the preservation of nature, it then aligns itself with such local wisdom. Based on an ethnogrpahic study in Sesaot village and built on the theory of local wisdom, this study attempts to describe the contain, structure and socialization of the awik-awik when it is reshaped from a traditional norm to a written rule agreed upon by the community members. Substantially, the stipulation of the awik-awik could reinforce Islamic doctrines on natural resource maintenance. Moreover, the ways in which the awik-awik is socialized before being implemented resemble the method of religious propagation. This indicat that Awik-awik could be an effective means of Islamic propagation to provide enlightenment to the community because the material arisen from the local wisdom of local communities reflect important Islamic message on the preservation of environment.

Jüdisch-christliche Koexistenz in den Dörfern ausgewählter Grafschaften Frankens während des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts

Aschkenas ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Stretz
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Jewish Settlement ◽  
The Social ◽  
Typical Picture

Jewish-Christian relations in village or small-town societies during the early modern period were framed by coexistence and conflict on three major fields of encounter: the rural economy, the practice of religion, and the social relations within the local communities. This study provides case studies of these three aspects by drawing on evidence for the two counties of Castell and Wertheim in Franconia. Analysis of three expulsion proceedings and their different outcomes allows us to add a fourth perspective to this typical picture of integration and segregation, the question of how political rule was enacted and communicated. The conditions of Jewish settlement and community life were always precarious and had to be renegotiated on a regular basis. Negotiations were influenced by the diplomatic skills of individual Jews, by the interests of the community or its leading members, of the rulers and their local representatives.

scholarly journals Tourism and conservation in Madagascar: The importance of Andasibe National Park

Koedoe ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Newsome ◽  
Shannon Hassell
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Conservation Priority ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Negative Impacts

Madagascar is renowned for high levels of biodiversity and endemism. As a result of its unique flora and fauna, as well as the high levels of human threat to the environment, such as illegal clearing, hunting and political instability, it is a critical global conservation priority. Andasibe–Mantadia National Park in eastern Madagascar is one of the most popular protected areas visited by tourists. Observations carried out in 2011 showed that even though there were some negative impacts associated with natural-area tourism, the benefits to both the local communities and associated biological conservation outweighed the negatives. Natural-area tourism at Andasibe is well organised, with many local guide associations having partnerships with international organisations and 50% of park fees going directly to local communities. Forest loss is a widespread problem in Madagascar, but at Andasibe the forest is valued for its ecological function and as a generator of profits from natural-area tourism. Exploitation of the park was not observed. Andasibe is an example of how conservation and natural-area tourism can work together in Madagascar for the benefit of local communities and the environment. However, with the current unstable political climate and lack of adequate wider tourism and conservation planning frameworks, awakening to its potential as a leading conservation tourism destination will not be a simple task. Conservation implications: This research demonstrated that ecotourism can be an effective means of achieving conservation objectives, whilst, at the same time, improving the livelihoods of local people. We caution, however, that governments can do a lot more to encourage and support the nexus between tourism and conservation.

Towns and Local Communities in Medieval and Early Modern England

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Alla Gaydukova ◽  
David M. Palliser
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Early Modern England

State Involution: A Study of Local Finances in North China, 1911–1935

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasenjit Duara
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
North China ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Republican China ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Charles Tilly ◽  
State And Local

Beginning around the turn of the twentieth century, the Chinese state launched onto a course of development that seemed to resemble the process in early modern Europe that Charles Tilly and others have called state making (Tilly 1975). The phenomenon of an expanding state structure penetrating levels of society untouched before, subordinating, co-opting, or destroying the relatively autonomous authority structures of local communities in a bid to increase its command of local resources, appeared to be repeating itself in late imperial and republican China. The similarities include the impulse toward centralization, bureaucratization, and rationalization; the insatiable drive to increase revenues for both military and civilian purposes; the violent resistance of local communities to this inexorable process of intrusion and extraction; and the formation of alliances between the state and local elites to consolidate their power (Duara 1983).

scholarly journals Forms of local media relations in local communities — case studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-36
Author(s):  
Sylwia Męcfal
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Media Relations ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Local Media ◽  
Complex Relationships

The local media market in Poland developed in very particular social conditions, conditions which Nowak 1979, 1981 described as a “social void”. As a result, it might be presumed that it was more likely that the new forms of society including local media were formed on the basis of the “bonding” type of social capital rather than the “bridging” type. Th is might be one of the reasons why tight and complex relationships between the local media and other social actors still exist. On the basis of my own qualitative research case studies conducted in four small towns in Poland, this article shows how complex the local relations are and describes the involvement of local journalists and local media owners in these networks of relations which might often be a cause of conflicts of interest individual or institutional or media bias. 

From acting to being: Expressions of religious individuality in Aceh, ca. 1600–1900

Itinerario ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-461
Author(s):  
David Kloos
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Cosmological Model ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Political Fragmentation ◽  
Epic Tradition ◽  
Royal Power ◽  
Model Based

This article discusses the early modern Acehnese epic tradition to demonstrate the emergence of an individualized Muslim ethics. From the late seventeenth century onwards, a protracted decline of Acehnese royal power initiated a process of political fragmentation as well as the gradual integration of rural areas in the globalizing economy. This shift coincided with the emergence of local religious teachers as a new and influential social group. Contingent upon these changes, the Acehnese epic tradition shifted from a dominant cosmological model based on ritual hierarchies to a paradigm of reflexive ethics based on individual responsibility to God.

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