Pushing for Policy Innovation

2019 ◽  
pp. 122-147
Author(s):  
Marianne S. Ulriksen
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Domestic Institutions ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policy Solutions

In the early 2000s, there was low elite commitment to social protection in Tanzania. Yet, in 2012, the government officially launched a countrywide social safety net programme and a year later announced the introduction of an old-age pension. This chapter explores what explains the change in elite commitment to social protection between the early 2000s and 2015. The analysis takes an ideational approach, and it is shown how the promotion of social protection has been driven by international and domestic institutions with the resources, expertise, and authority to present policy solutions fitting the elite’s general ideas about Tanzania’s development challenges and possible responses thereto. Thus, ideas play an important role in policy development but they may also be vulnerable to political interests that can challenge the long-term sustainability of promoted policies.

scholarly journals Role of social safety net programmes for ensuring food security and reducing poverty in char area of Jamalpur district in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
SA Badhan ◽  
S Haque ◽  
M Akteruzzaman ◽  
N Zaman ◽  
K Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
The Government

The study has been conducted to assess the social safety net programmes for ensuring food security and poverty reduction in char area of Jamalpur district, Bangladesh during the period of July-August in 2016. Survey method was used to collect primary data from Madargonj upazila of Jamalpur district. A total of 60 sample households were selected purposively for collecting data where 25 were under old age allowance, 15 were widow allowance and 20 were VGF/VGD card holders. Descriptive and tabular analysis was used to achieve the major objectives of the study. There are many Safety Net Programmes launched in the study area, like old age allowance, widow allowance, VGD/VGF, test relief, food for works and so on. The findings showed that after getting the allowance, the food consumption pattern, health, etc. are improving. Before joining SSNPs, about 77% people were food insecure but now the value is 68% and their calorie intake is 1834 kcal. The food security index became 0.79 and the food insecure household fall short of required calorie intake by 18 percent. It has been found that about 55% respondents are living below the poverty line but the joining to the SSNP, their situation is improving. Finally, it can be said that the SSNPs are much effective and could be a successful poverty alleviation strategy for the Government of Bangladesh. Progressive Agriculture 30 (1): 75-85, 2019

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Social Safety Net Programs for Poor People in the Government Level of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Md. Ashraful Alam ◽  
Sheikh Abir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Literature ◽  
Government Level

Social Safety Nets (SSNs) and the wider topic of Social Protection have assumed a centrality within the development literature in recent years. Publicly-sponsored protection of the poor and vulnerable has emerged from the shadows to become a mainstream concern for policymakers. The contribution of SSNs is now viewed not merely in terms of their impact on challenged families, but their systemic benefits - in enabling higher levels of employment and entrepreneurship, sustaining household consumption and human capital, securing pro-poor growth and promoting social inclusion and national cohesion. A body of experience, ranging across continents, has now been established to inform the building of functional social protection systems. Yet in spite of this new consensus much controversy remains. A crucial first step in the development of a well-fitted national approach is the balancing of experience elsewhere with the national context. The ambit of SSNs in Bangladesh is often wide and fragmented. These typically include welfare payments, work guarantee schemes and conditional cash transfers; and comprise both on and off-budget allocations and a plethora of programs supported by donors. Gaining an understanding of the nature of provision and its functionality is another important first step in crafting a pro-development social protection system. This research provides information about different social safety net programs in government level. An attempt has been made to explore the effectiveness and the existing problems of current social safety net programs. The study also discusses the status and accessibility of beneficiaries in selected areas as well as advantages, limitations and prospects for social security in the context of this country. Besides, it also assesses the opinions of non-beneficiaries who know more or less about the programs. Finally the paper suggests that there is a need to establish workable and sustainable effects among recipients. It also recommends that systematic efforts should be made urgently for the proper organization and management of safety net programs.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 3, Issue-3: 153-158

scholarly journals Social Safety Net Programmes in Bangladesh: Gaps and Policy Recommendations

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-63
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Financial Gain ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Nation

The Social Safety Net Programs (SSNPs) play an important role in Bangladesh to guards the poor people against poorness and vulnerability. Either financial gain poorness or human poverty is accountable for the prevalence of poorness in Bangladesh. Taking into consideration these factors, the government of Bangladesh is attempting to poorness by the death penalty varied varieties of social safety net programs since her emergence as a brand-new nation. The government of Bangladesh allocates a huge quantity of cash within the budget to implement varied social safety internet measures with the motive to attenuate the degree of poorness. Social safety internet programs in Bangladesh will be compound beneath 2 broad ranges: (i) social protection measures; (ii) social authorization measures. The article is an effort to debate the history of a social safety net program, varied social safety net programs in Bangladesh, findings of gaps and irregularities, and policy recommendation of social safety net programs in Bangladesh. There's would like for a comprehensive economic science policy response and robust programmer management to create the SSNPs work expeditiously.

scholarly journals The Social Safety Nets and Poverty Alleviation in Pakistan: An Evaluation of Livelihood Enhancement and Protection Programme

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Asif Javed ◽  
Vaqar Ahmed ◽  
Bakhrul Khair Amal
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Safety Nets ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Safety Nets

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1 intends to end poverty of all forms and the government of Pakistan is also targeting poverty alleviation through social safety nets. ‘Ehsaas’ is the major social safety nets proramme which include various initiatives that are benefiting millions of households. The study examines the state of poverty in Pakistan and also highlights the spending under each social safety net. Furthermore, the study also evaluates the Livelihood Enhancement and Protection (LEP) programme which is a major initiative for poverty alleviation under Ehsaas programme. Survey in Khyber Pakhtunkhawa and Balochistan provinces were conducted of those beneficiaries who are getting asset and skills training. It was found that asset provision and skills trainings are helpful in increasing the earnings and provide sustainable livelihood opportunities to poor households.

scholarly journals OLD AND FORGOTTEN? CARE FOR ELDERS IN MEXICO AND THE U.S.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S64-S65
Author(s):  
Emma Aguila ◽  
Jaqueline L Angel ◽  
Kyriakos Markides
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Financing ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The United States ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
The Government ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The United States and Mexico differ greatly in the organization and financing of their old-age welfare states. They also differ politically and organizationally in government response at all levels to the needs of low-income and frail citizens. While both countries are aging rapidly, Mexico faces more serious challenges in old-age support that arise from a less developed old-age welfare state and economy. For Mexico, financial support and medical care for older low-income citizens are universal rights, however, limited fiscal resources for a large low-income population create inevitable competition among the old and the young alike. Although the United States has a more developed economy and well-developed Social Security and health care financing systems for the elderly, older Mexican-origin individuals in the U.S. do not necessarily benefit fully from these programs. These institutional and financial problems to aging are compounded in both countries by longer life spans, smaller families, as well as changing gender roles and cultural norms. In this interdisciplinary panel, the authors of five papers deal with the following topics: (1) an analysis of old age health and dependency conditions, the supply of aging and disability services, and related norms and policies, including the role of the government and the private sector; (2) a binational comparison of federal safety net programs for low-income elderly in U.S. and Mexico; (3) when strangers become family: the role of civil society in addressing the needs of aging populations; and (4) unmet needs for dementia care for Latinos in the Hispanic-EPESE.

Targeting Vulnerable People with a Social Safety Net: Lessons from the CFW Program for the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 926-934
Author(s):  
Shingo Nagamatsu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Group ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Safety Nets ◽  
Private Safety Net ◽  
Simple Selection

The Emergency Job Creation (EJC) program in which unemployed people are hired for recovery works funded by the government was introduced after the 2011 earthquake and tsunami disaster in Japan. The program is very similar to Cash for Work (CFW) programs that are often implemented as social safety nets (SSNs). This paper evaluates how the EJC program targeted those most in need. From four projects, 938 participants were sampled and simple selection bias tests were conducted among job applicants in the region where the project was undertaken. Participants of the EJC program included more single females and irregular workers than the population group, thus demonstrating the EJC’s self-targeting function. Around 80% of participants were without dependent family members implying that there are two types of potential participants: those who prefer limited responsibilities with relatively low wages, and those who prefer a larger burden of responsibility with relatively higher wages. Because the wages provided by the EJC program may be high enough for the former, but too low for the latter, the program eventually excluded the second group. Similar programs in future should provide other types of jobs corresponding to people’s preferences. Previously unemployed participants were likely to be those who lost their houses; that damage had pushed them into the labor market. Because of the relatively minor existing SSN for housing damage, the EJC program served as an important safety net for disaster-affected people without a private safety net such as insurance.

scholarly journals How Brazil and Mexico Diverged on Social Protection in the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (823) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Nora Lustig ◽  
Mart Trasberg
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Financial Aid ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
The Government

Mexico and Brazil, both among the region’s hardest hit by COVID-19, took strikingly different steps to mitigate the economic impact of the pandemic. Although President Jair Bolsonaro dismissed the need for social distancing measures, the government provided substantial financial aid to citizens though cash transfer programs, avoiding potentially sharp increases in poverty and inequality. Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, who also displayed a dismissive attitude about the virus, made relatively little effort to protect the poor and unemployed from its effects, despite his pro-poor rhetoric. As a result, the Mexican economy was projected to contract by 9 percent in 2020, while poverty sharply increased. Rising malnutrition and missed schooling may have long-term consequences for inequality.

scholarly journals Perlindungan Sosial Bagi Perempuan Korban Pernikahan Dini di Gorontalo

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-246
Author(s):  
Yuhelson Yuhelson ◽  
Ramlani Lina Sinaulan ◽  
Abdul Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Women Victims ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Role Of Parents

This study explores the dynamic of early-age marriage and implementing social protection concepts for households’ women victims in Gorontalo. This research uses qualitative method with explorative-inductive approaches. We were collected data by interviews, observation, and documentation. Resulting studies that early-age marriage cases in Gorontalo effected by low education, patriarchy system, domestic violence, divorced, and multi-dimensional poverty. For that, this study recommended that social control be worked fine, where the role of parent’, education, and community—create a social safety net for getting better—this role of parents and educational institutions in implementing the protection concept as a social policy reformulation material.Studi ini mengeksplorasi dinamika pernikahan dini dan skema perlindungan sosial yang tepat bagi perempuan korban kekerasan dalam ruamh tangga di Gorontalo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksploratif-induktif. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa kasus pernikahan dini di Gorontalo disebabkan oleh rendahnya tingkat pendidikan, budaya patriarkhi, kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, perceraian, dan kemiskinan multidimensi. Untuk itu, studi ini merekomendasikan agar kontrol sosial dapat berfungsi dengan baik—peran orang tua, sekolah, dan komunitas—agar social safety net berjalan dengan baik. Peran ini tercermin dalam konsep perlindungan sebagai bahan untuk reformulasi kebijakan sosial. 

scholarly journals Ecuador

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (379) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fuel Subsidies ◽  
The Government

A 36-month Extended Fund Facility (EFF) arrangement with access of SDR 3.035 billion (435 percent of quota or about US$4.189 billion) was approved on March 11, 2019. The first review was concluded on June 28, 2019. At the beginning of October, an economic reform package was announced, including the immediate liberalization of prices for gasoline and diesel. Following protracted protests and social unrest, the authorities retracted the decree mandating the removal of fuel subsidies. The government continues to negotiate a revised fuel subsidy decree with a broad representation of civil society and hopes to reach an agreement in the foreseeable future. Completing the upgrade of the social safety net, recently initiated by the government, remains a priority and a prerequisite for a successful fuel subsidy reform. On November 17, 70 out of 133 legislators voted to reject an urgent package of economic laws, including key reforms under the program: a tax code, central bank code, and organic budget code. The government submitted a revised version of the tax code to the National Assembly as an urgent economic reform; this version was approved with minor modifications on December 9. The government also intends to submit revised drafts of the central bank and organic budget codes separately in the coming months, after internalizing feedback from lawmakers. Economic growth has slowed as projected in 2019, and in 2020, a less contractionary fiscal stance and higher oil production than previously expected should help mitigate the potential negative impact of political uncertainty and provide a fillip to the economy.

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