Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 326-338
Author(s):  
Mark Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
The Third ◽  
Progressive Growth ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Factor Ratios

This chapter pulls together the main arguments of the book, creating a new narrative and assessment of the nature of economic and social change in fourteenth century England. It confirms that pre-plague England was a laggard by European standards, and trapped in a cul de sac of impoverishment and low productivity, but offers a different explanation to conventional ones for that economic sclerosis. It also portrays the third quarter of the fourteenth century as a period of significant volatility and change, when rapid and dramatic adjustments occurred in factor and commodity markets, and when serfdom quickly declined. The framework of contracting institutions was strengthened, which meant that the forces of supply and demand exerted more influence on the allocation of land and labour than seigniorial coercion. Hence the shift in factor ratios caused by successive outbreaks of plague—operating through an institutional framework and emerging legal culture conducive to the progressive growth and commercialization of markets—resulted in increased output per head and accelerated England’s march to modernity.

Future of Commodity Markets and Investments

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter M. Holzhauer
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Investment Banks ◽  
Algorithmic Trading ◽  
Excess Supply ◽  
The Future ◽  
Change Concerns ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Regulatory Trends

This chapter begins with a breakdown of recent growth trends for the overall commodities market. However, the long-term future of the market will heavily depend on three pressing issues: excess supply, increased regulations, and algorithmic trading. The section on excess supply explores how traders are changing strategies to adjust to the current imbalance between supply and demand, especially in the steel industry, and how that imbalance might change in the future based on global population trends and climate change concerns. The next section examines several regulatory trends, including the dramatic exodus of some investment banks from certain segments of the commodities market followed by a section focusing on how algorithmic trading is influencing how commodities are traded. A discussion of potential scenarios for the commodities market follows. The chapter concludes by examining a few ways in which the market and commodity traders may both survive and even thrive in the future.

LANGUAGE, CULTURE, AND POWER IN GUILLEM DE TORROELLA’S LA FAULA

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
JILL ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
French Language ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Appropriation ◽  
Cultural Hegemony ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cultural Power

This article examines the role of French language and culture in the fourteenth-century Arthurian text, La Faula, by the Mallorcan, Guillem de Torroella. Reading the appropriation of French language and literary models through the lens of earlier thirteenth-century Occitan resistance to French political and cultural hegemony, La Faula’s use of French dialogue becomes significant in light of the political tensions in the third quarter of the fourteenth century that saw the conquest of the Kingdom of Mallorca by that of Catalonia-Aragon and the subsequent imposition of Catalano-Aragonese political and cultural power. La Faula’s clear intertextual debt to French literary models and its simultaneous ambivalence about the authority and reliability of those models makes French language into a space for the exploration of the dynamics of cultural appropriation and political accommodation that were constitutive of late fourteenth-century Mallorca.

scholarly journals Basic philosophical texts in Medieval Serbia

Balcanica ◽  
2008 ◽  
pp. 79-102
Author(s):  
Boris Milosavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Social Event ◽  
Philosophical Text ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
The Third ◽  
Philosophical Texts ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Theological Debate ◽  
Christian Platonism ◽  
Central Social

Medieval Serbian philosophy took shape mostly through the process of translating Byzantine texts and revising the Slavic translations. Apart from the Aristotelian terminological tradition, introduced via the translation of Damascene?s Dialectic, there also was, under the influence of the Corpus Areopagiticum and ascetic literature, notably of John Climacus? Ladder, another strain of thought originating from Christian Platonism. Damascene?s philosophical chapters, or Dialectic, translated into medieval Serbian in the third quarter of the fourteenth century, not only shows the high standards of translation technique developed in Serbian monastic scriptoria, but testifies to a highly educated readership interested in such a complex theologico-philosophical text with its nuanced terminology. A new theological debate about the impossibility of knowing God led to Gregory Palamas? complex text, The Exposition of the Orthodox Faith. Philosophical texts were frequently copied and much worked on in medieval Serbia, but it is difficult to infer about the actual scope of their influence on the formation and articulation of the worldview of medieval society. As a result of their demanding theoretical complexity, the study of philosophy was restricted to quite narrow monastic, court and urban circles. However, the strongest aspect of the influence of Byzantine thought on medieval society was the liturgy as the central social event of the community. It was through the liturgy that the wording of the translated texts influenced the life of medieval Serbian society.

scholarly journals РЕФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ОРГАНІВ АНТИМОНОПОЛЬНОГО КОМІТЕТУ УКРАЇНИ ЗА ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИМИ СТАНДАРТАМИ ЗАХИСТУ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ КОНКУРЕНЦІЇ

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11(51)) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Михальчишин Н. Л. ◽  
Нанівський С. Л.
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Competition Authority ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Central Apparatus ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Law Making ◽  
Competition Enforcement

The competition is flexible and needs to be controlled by competing agencies on the commodity markets. The competition control quality and decision-making speed depends on the competence and professionalism of the competition agencies, which eliminates the control of other state bodies and business structures. The competing agencies independence has also the preventing effect of such agencies use in the fight against competitors, and putting pressure on business. The proposed scientific study analyses the legal status of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine as a competition authority, identifies aspects of improving the efficiency of its activity and proposes ways to reform the system of bodies of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine in accordance with European standards of economic competition protection. The interaction mechanisms between the central apparatus and territorial divisions of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine are identified and decentralization ways of control and supervisory functions of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine through the antitrust authorities system are proposed. The research focuses on both law making and competition enforcement in relation to the activities of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Air Freight Transport Developments in Bulgaria – Trends and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-36
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Delivery Times ◽  
Freight Traffic ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Air Freight

Air transport is developing at a rapid pace globally and is of particular importance for the mobility of people and goods. Through its flexibility, it responds to the ever-changing situation in commodity markets and provides the necessary conditions for transport services’ supply and demand in shortening the delivery times. The main subject of analysis in the presented article is the development of air freight transport over the last 12 years. The main results of the analysis of the volumes and changes of freight traffic to and from Bulgarian airports, as well as carried by the main carriers, give the grounds for SWOT analysis and is used to outline the main prospects for the future of air freight transport. The main objective of the survey presented is to outline trends for the development of air freight transport in the country and in particular to clarify the various factors influencing the demand for freight transport by identifying a system of indicators measuring the freight volumes and the loading work carried out, which can be analyzed regularly, and which allows the forecasting of changes in freight volumes during certain periods of time.

‘The phantom of liberty’: new youth activism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljubica Spaskovska
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Youth Activism ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Nuclear Disarmament ◽  
New Social Movements ◽  
Political Expression ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third

The third chapter reflects on new youth activism within the wider context of what has been termed ‘the new social movements’. It addresses the broader transnational influence of movements abroad, and shows how new areas for political expression opened up around peace, anti-militarism, environmentalism/nuclear disarmament and sexuality. Late socialist Yugoslav society witnessed the proliferation of a youth arena of civil initiatives and activist citizenship, albeit fragmented and often discordant, which found shelter and support within parts of the existing youth institutional framework. Although the federal Youth League did not explicitly endorse all of the initiatives stemming from the new social movements, it did provide spaces for some of them and increased the visibility of their demands in the public space.

Failing constitutionalism: From political legalism to defective empowerment

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARMEN MAZMANYAN
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Constitutional Democracy ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
The Third ◽  
Institutional Learning ◽  
Incremental Process

AbstractThe recent wave of popular uprisings in the Middle East and Northern Africa has sparked a renewed attention to democratization across the world. One of many intriguing questions in this context is whether this trend will be spread globally and will flash another wave of democratization among some regions and countries where democratic euphoria has faded away. Another intriguing question is whether this new wave, in the Middle East or elsewhere, will take a constitutional path or will evolve through undemocratic and unconstitutional channels. In this light, it looks perfectly timely to discuss the lessons from and the modern prospects of building constitutional democracies in post-Soviet countries.This article offers perspectives on challenges facing post-Soviet higher courts in the effort to promote constitutional democracy in their countries. While it argues that there are many such challenges and that their roots are mostly deep in the political culture, selected and discussed are some specific instances which starkly expose the patterns of constitutional perversion and the most relevant limitations facing post-Soviet courts in our days. The solutions to these are seen in the incremental process of institutional learning hence the article suggests some designer strategies which may help moving along this process.The first section outlines what appears to be a peculiar vision of constitutionalism as embedded in respective societies and assesses this entrenched concept against accepted accounts of Western constitutionalism. The second section discusses some specific challenges to development of constitutionalism in post-Soviet countries, concentrating on inherited mindset and legal culture, as well as corrupt political technologies and flaws in the design of constitutional courts. The third section discusses two illustrative cases before higher tribunals to demonstrate what courts face in the courtroom when confronting the described challenges.

Suing in a local jurisdictional court in late medieval Catalonia. The case of Caldes de Malavella (1328–1369)

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-81
Author(s):  
LLUÍS SALES I FAVÀ
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Court System ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Late Medieval

ABSTRACTThis article addresses the question of the effectiveness of court litigation over private contracts. Through a case study of fourteenth-century Caldes de Malavella, in northeastern Catalonia, it provides an instructive example of contract registration and enforcement. A large peasant clientele made use of the institutional framework provided by a compact jurisdictional estate. We also explore the ways in which the court system within this barony was affected by the demands of external jurisdictions. The article concludes that the whole system was efficient in prosecuting breach of contract, in serving broader mercantile strategies, and even in softening tensions among parties.

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