The ‘Slate Ode’

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-196
Author(s):  
Andrew Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
First Person ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Genealogy Of Morals ◽  
Policy Discussion

The focus of this chapter is the ‘Slate Ode’ (1922). Widely regarded as one of the greatest poems in Russian, it has been read primarily as a subtextual palimpsest. The reading given in this chapter embeds the poem in a set of overlapping contexts, tracing the poem’s utopian language to the value systems of utopian socialist thought in which Mandelstam was steeped; situating it in the context of the Russian reception of Nietzsche, a key thinker for many Russian revolutionaries whose vision in the Genealogy of Morals of a new morality Mandelstam’s poem enacts; exploring its link to New Economic Policy discussion of the primitive economy and natural communism mirrored in the poem, as well as its connection to other thought systems such as mythical ideas of return and a vision of society that replicates the morality of early Christians. Psychological division marks the voice of the speaker who in these new conditions interrogates the sources of poetry and the poet’s own authority. Far from assuming that he can speak with the vatic certainty of the poet-lawgiver of the nineteenth-century Romantic tradition, the first-person speaker delves into the language of the unconscious and Orphic tradition.

Russian Protectionism: Problems of Institutional Heritage

2012 ◽  
pp. 96-114
Author(s):  
L. Tsedilin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
The State ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
State Monopoly ◽  
The Times ◽  
Soviet Experience

The article analyzes the pre-revolutionary and the Soviet experience of the protectionist policies. Special attention is paid to the external economic policy during the times of NEP (New Economic Policy), socialist industrialization and the years of 1970-1980s. The results of the state monopoly on foreign trade and currency transactions in the Soviet Union are summarized; the economic integration in the frames of Comecon is assessed.

The Experience of Industrialization under NEPand Its Application in the Current Conditions

2013 ◽  
pp. 109-135
Author(s):  
Y. Goland
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Popular Belief ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Domestic Capital

The article refutes popular belief about the necessity to abolish the New Economic Policy (NEP) of the 1920s for the purpose of industrialization. It is shown that it started successfully under NEP although due to a number of reasons the efficiency of the investments was low. The abolishment of NEP was caused not by the necessity to accelerate the industrialization but by the wrong policy towards the agriculture that stopped the development of farms. The article analyzes the discussion about possible rates of the domestic capital formation. In the course of this discussion, the sensible approach to finding the optimal size of investments depending on their efficiency was offered. This approach is still relevant today.

The perspective planning under NEP

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Yury M. Goland
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Perspective Planning ◽  
Sharp Criticism

The article reviews the implementation of the perspective planning in the USSR during the period of the New Economic Policy — NEP, from methodological discussions to the development of five-year plans — sectoral and for the entire national economy. The article analyzes the discussion of the proposal of the first five-year plan submitted by S. Strumilin at the congress of planning bodies in March, 1927. It is shown that the sharp criticism of this plan for being imbalanced by the leading economists of the country, in particular, V. Bazarov and N. Kondratiev, is valid. The author points out the influence of political factors on the planning process. The popular cliche that the forced industrialization in the five-year plan was necessary to prepare for the war is refuted.

Russia in the XXI century: a request for a new economic policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Khasbulatov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Position

The author examines Russia’s economic position in the world in the XXI century, China’s economic and political infl uence on other countries, and analyzes the economy of the European Union, classifi es the experience of Western Europe as the most successful, while taking into account miscalculations and mistakes.

Ironic Reprise in Galdós' Novels

PMLA ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monroe Z. Hafter
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
Separate Study ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Spanish Novel ◽  
Artistic Representation ◽  
The Rich

A recent article of Leon Livingstone rightly calls attention to the importance of Pérez Galdós' assimilation of Cervantine irony as a forerunner of the concern of modern Spanish novelists about the autonomy of their characters. The unreality of rationalism, which Livingstone holds to be the germ of El amigo Manso, the imagination's capacity to create reality at the heart of Misericordia, lead to the even bolder experiments in the artistic representation of reality undertaken by Unamuno, Azorín, Valle-Inclán, and Pérez de Ayala. Anomalous for his time yet so pervasive in his work is Galdós' employment of “interior duplication” that a separate study would contribute to our fuller understanding of his art as well as to our measure of the advances in the Spanish novel of the latter half of the nineteenth century. The present essay focuses on Galdós' developing skill with internal repetitions from La Fontana de Oro (publ. 1870), through the rich complexities of the novels written between 1886–89, to their almost stylized simplicity in El abuelo (1897). Always related to Cervantine irony, the variety of verbal echoes, the mirroring of one character in another, the unconscious illumination each may offer the other, underscore the increasingly intimate wedding of form and matter with which Galdós came to unfold his narratives.

‘A Party for Owners or a Party for Earners?’ How far did the British Conservative Party Really Change After 1945?

1987 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ramsden
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Characteristic Mode ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Electoral Defeat ◽  
Post War ◽  
Looking Back

THE period spent in opposition between 1945 and 1951 has generally been thought of as a key to the understanding of the activities of the post-war British Conservative Party. Autobiographies of the Party leaders of the time began to appear at the end of the Fifties, already looking back to a period in which the Conservatives had decisively changed their approach. So for example, Lord Woolton's Memoirs reviewed not only a term as Party Chairman which had been a highlight of his own crowded career, but also his sharing in a major act of transformation, a transformation that had led on to Conservative success since 1951: ‘the change was revolutionary’. Other key figures in the organisation reached similar conclusions as their own accounts appeared: David Maxwell-Fyfe argued that the new Party rules which he had drawn up had not only decisively widened the political base of British Conservatism, but that events since had confirmed the importance of the change. R. A. Butler's account of The Art of the Possible argued in 1971 that ‘the overwhelming electoral defeat of 1945 shook the Conservative Party out of its lethargy and impelled it to re-think its philosophy and re-form its ranks with a thoroughness unmatched for a century’. The effect was to bring both the policies of the Party and ‘their characteristic mode of expression’, as he puts it, ‘up to date’. As recently as 1978, Reginald Maudling—a key figure behind the scenes in 1945–51 as a speechwriter from Eden and Churchill and as the organising secretary of the committee which produced the Industrial Charter of 1947—reached much the same view: ‘We were at that time developing a new economic policy for the Conservative Party … It marked a substantially different approach for post-war Conservative philosophy.

The New Economic Policy and Permanent Migration in Zhejiang Province, China

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiushi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Permanent Migration ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of economic reforms on the volume and characteristics of permanent migration in Zhejiang Province, China. The data suggest that the new economic policy induced a surge in permanent migration during the post-reform years. Such positive impact of the reform on permanent migration has started to fade away in 1985, as government relaxed its control over residence. Moreover, market mechanisms started playing a more important role in employment, exchange, and consumption. The data also suggest that the new economic policy has particularly favored the better educated, and thereby increased educational differentials between permanent migrants and nonmigrants. For all other characteristics examined, the results show consistently that post-reform migrants are less differentiated from nonmigrants than their pre-reform counterparts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document