Debt’s Poetry, Credit’s Fictions

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-150
Author(s):  
Laura Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Estate Management ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Timon Of Athens

This chapter examines Timon of Athens alongside handbooks that teach readers how to interpret the fictionalized credit world that surrounds them—a world full of false surfaces, which invite misconstrual. It focuses on the portrayal of a particular hard-to-read figure: the “rich beggar,” an outwardly wealthy person whose debts invisibly outstrip his assets. While handbook authors simply warn readers against lending to such persons, Shakespeare and Middleton go further, probing the conditions that produce this paradoxical figure. Their co-authored Timon of Athens suggests that rich beggary results less from poor estate management than from the interplay of language, conduct, and interpretation. The play suggests that the fiction-making power of debt and credit extends from the individual “rich beggar” to the fabric of society. Credit here appears as an agent of universal falsification: a demiurgic power that upends hierarchies and rewrites identities.

Foundations and Introduction of Islamic Economics: Role and Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
Dr. Bilal Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Moral Training ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
The Status ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Specific Concept ◽  
The Individual

Islamic economics based on specific concept of universe and the creation of man is contradictory to the concept adopted and accepted by modern science. Islamic economics postulates although ability and expertise is required for progress and growth but distribution of resources completely dependent on it would be cruel, inhuman and bereft of kindness, and lead to oppression. Islamic economics does not favor making human ability and expertise the fulcrum of resource distribution. It should be kind, considerate and based on justice and fairness. This is because according to Islamic philosophy, ownership is considered to be a trust from Allah which has been bestowed on the rich so that they may utilize it correctly. In Islamic economics the role of the individual, has inclinations and his aims and objectives occupy a central position and are vitally important. He is definitely a rational being but his level of rationality is not confined to the calculations of cost and profit. An individual does not want merely to obtain monetary profit and physical pleasure and leisure but he also wants and aims for something beyond what the material world has to offer. The main aim of the study is to find out the relationship between Islam and economics. In Islamic economics the comprehensive moral training of the individual, his technical and educational ability, his aims and his priorities are of primary importance. According to Islamic economics the means of acquiring wealth has the same importance as wealth itself. Dishonesty, abuse of trust and earning of wealth through fraudulent ways and means may perhaps increase the status of an individual but the society suffers because of it on the whole. This leads to an unjust and oppressive economic system.

scholarly journals Commercial Appropriation of a Person's Image: Wells V Atoll Media (Pty) Ltd (Unreported 11961/2006) 2009 ZAWCHC 173 (9 November 2009)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Steve Cornelius
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Business People ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Our modern society has become transfixed with celebrity. Business people and marketers also endeavour to cash in on the popularity enjoyed by the stars and realise the value of associating merchandise or trademarks with the rich and famous. This leads to difficulties when the attributes of a person are apparently used without consent, which poses new questions to the law: should the law protect the individual against the unlawful use of his or her image? If so, to what extent should such protection be granted? These were some of the questions which the court had to answer in Wells v Atoll Media (Pty). The judgment in Wellshas redefined the right to identity and provided some clarity on what the infringement of that right would amount to. When the attributes of a person are used without consent, the right to identity can be violated in one of four ways. A person's right to identity can be infringed upon if the attributes of that person are used without permission in a way which cannot be reconciled with the true image of the individual concerned, if the use amounts to the commercial exploitation of the individual, if it cannot be reconciled with generally accepted norms of decency, or if it violates the privacy of that person.

scholarly journals KONSEP HAK MILIK DALAM EKONOMI ISLAM

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-207
Author(s):  
AN Ras Try Astuti ◽  
Andi Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Economic System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Joint Ownership ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Individual

Capitalism as an economic system that is implemented by most countries in the world today, in fact it gave birth to injustice and social inequalityare increasingly out of control. Social and economic inequalities are felt both between countries (developed and developing countries) as well as insociety itself (the rich minority and the poor majority). The condition is born from the practice of departing from faulty assumptions about the man. In capitalism the individual to own property released uncontrollably, causing a social imbalance. On the other hand, Islam never given a state model that guarantees fair distribution of ownership for all members of society, ie at the time of the Prophet Muhammad established the Islamic government in Medina. In Islam, the private ownership of property was also recognized but not absolute like capitalism. Islam also recognizes the forms of joint ownership for the benefit of society and acknowledges the ownership of the state that aims to create a balance and social justice.

scholarly journals Individual differences in the perception of probability

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. e1008871
Author(s):  
Mel W. Khaw ◽  
Luminita Stevens ◽  
Michael Woodford
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Values ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Probability Estimation ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Individual

In recent studies of humans estimating non-stationary probabilities, estimates appear to be unbiased on average, across the full range of probability values to be estimated. This finding is surprising given that experiments measuring probability estimation in other contexts have often identified conservatism: individuals tend to overestimate low probability events and underestimate high probability events. In other contexts, repulsive biases have also been documented, with individuals producing judgments that tend toward extreme values instead. Using extensive data from a probability estimation task that produces unbiased performance on average, we find substantial biases at the individual level; we document the coexistence of both conservative and repulsive biases in the same experimental context. Individual biases persist despite extensive experience with the task, and are also correlated with other behavioral differences, such as individual variation in response speed and adjustment rates. We conclude that the rich computational demands of our task give rise to a variety of behavioral patterns, and that the apparent unbiasedness of the pooled data is an artifact of the aggregation of heterogeneous biases.

scholarly journals The rich get richer and the poor get poorer - the Matthew mechanism as an approach to explain selection effects and the occurrence of multiple medalists in the "production" of international success in alpine ski racing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Barth ◽  
Arne Güllich ◽  
Eike Emrich
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Social Mechanisms ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
National Team ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Individual ◽  
International Success

The study addresses two questions that are under debate in the literature and exemplifies their examination in alpine ski racing. Firstly, are successful athletes the product of a long-term continuous intervention and/or socialization process or do they rather emerge via repeated selection processes? Secondly, to which extent is a nations’ collective success composed of many athletes’ singular successes or of a few athletes’ multiple successes?The study involved the national squad of the Austrian Ski Federation. Data collection comprised membership in a national squad and World or Olympic medal success and was carried out via document analysis (seasons: 1986-2016).The mean annual athlete turnover rate ranged from 24-57% across squad levels while the turnover rate varied substantially over time within each squad level. Among all national squad athletes, the incidence of being a successful (i.e., medal winning) National Team athlete was 8.9% (95% CI: 6.0%; 12.5%). Twenty-eight athletes won a total of 112 medals, 21 athletes achieved winning two or more medals. The six most successful athletes won 56 medals, comprising 50% of all medals won.The study suggests that successful elite athletes emerge from repeated selection and filtering processes. The observation of multiple medalists and a high concentration of exceptional success among a few athletes is reflected with regard to potential causes that rest on characteristics of the individual athlete, on social mechanisms (e.g., Matthew mechanism) of the elite sports system, or both.

scholarly journals Beyond two-point statistics: using the minimum spanning tree as a tool for cosmology

2019 ◽  
Vol 491 (2) ◽  
pp. 1709-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Naidoo ◽  
Lorne Whiteway ◽  
Elena Massara ◽  
Davide Gualdi ◽  
Ofer Lahav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spanning Tree ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Cosmological Parameters ◽  
Skeletal Structure ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Unique Graph ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Cosmological studies of large-scale structure have relied on two-point statistics, not fully exploiting the rich structure of the cosmic web. In this paper we show how to capture some of this cosmic web information by using the minimum spanning tree (MST), for the first time using it to estimate cosmological parameters in simulations. Discrete tracers of dark matter such as galaxies, N-body particles or haloes are used as nodes to construct a unique graph, the MST, that traces skeletal structure. We study the dependence of the MST on cosmological parameters using haloes from a suite of COmoving Lagrangian Acceleration (COLA) simulations with a box size of $250\ h^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}$, varying the amplitude of scalar fluctuations (As), matter density (Ωm), and neutrino mass (∑mν). The power spectrum P and bispectrum B are measured for wavenumbers between 0.125 and 0.5 $h\, {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$, while a corresponding lower cut of ∼12.6 $h^{-1}\, {\rm Mpc}$ is applied to the MST. The constraints from the individual methods are fairly similar but when combined we see improved 1σ constraints of $\sim 17{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ($\sim 12{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) on Ωm and $\sim 12{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ($\sim 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) on As with respect to P (P + B) thus showing the MST is providing additional information. The MST can be applied to current and future spectroscopic surveys (BOSS, DESI, Euclid, PSF, WFIRST, and 4MOST) in 3D and photometric surveys (DES and LSST) in tomographic shells to constrain parameters and/or test systematics.

scholarly journals Surgical management of unruptured basilar artery bifurcation aneurysms

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron S. Dumont ◽  
Rod J. Oskouian ◽  
Michael M. Chow ◽  
Neal F. Kassell
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Management ◽  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Posterior Circulation ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Unruptured Aneurysms ◽  
Radiological Data ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Individual

The basilar artery (BA) bifurcation is the most common site for aneurysms arising from the posterior circulation. Their inhospitable location, nested within the narrow confines of the interpeduncular fossa anterior to the brainstem, coupled with the rich network of adjacent critical thalamoperforating arteries irrigating the midbrain and thalamus, pose difficult anatomical obstacles for the surgeon. The age old adage that the only cure for intracranial aneurysms remains exclusion from circulation before rupture still holds true. Although management of unruptured aneurysms in general is still controversial, unruptured aneurysms of the BA bifurcation can be treated surgically with acceptable rates of morbidity. The clinician must gather and weigh all clinical, pathological, and radiological data when formulating recommendations for the individual patient. In the present report the authors describe their current technique for the surgical management of unruptured BA bifurcation aneurysms; this represents the culmination of the senior author's (N.K.) experience in the management of both ruptured and unruptured BA bifurcation aneurysms. A modified, right-sided subtemporal transtentorial approach has been adopted in all cases of isolated unruptured BA bifurcation aneurysms. Technical nuances are described.

Black. Queer. Southern. Women.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Patrick Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Black Female ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Religion And Spirituality ◽  
Southern Women ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Gender Performances ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Black Queer

Black. Queer. Southern. Women.: An Oral History reveals how identity is made through race, gender, sexuality, class, and region. In particular, it centers the life stories of more than seventy Black, queer women from the U.S. South. With their lives and experiences as the focus, E. Patrick Johnson recasts a singular narrative of the South and illustrates the plurality of Black queer women’s identities. He also puts the complexity of Black female sexuality on display, drawing out multiple themes—childhood and adolescence; mother-daughter relationships; gender performances; religion and spirituality; sexual desires; dating and intimacy; and creative and political work. The interdisciplinary work blends oral history and performance ethnography methods to emphasize the rich tapestry of these women’s lives and give texture to their narratives. The book is divided into two parts. Part one, “G.R.I.T.S.: Stories of Growing Up Black, Female, and Queer,” is comprised of seven chapters and organized thematically, pulling out portions of women’s narratives that speak to each subject. Part two, “My Soul Looks Back and Wonders: Stories of Perseverance and Hope,” is comprised of six chapters, each of which delves into an individual woman’s narrative. Taken together, the sections reflect Johnson’s careful attention to the tension between history and biography; the structural and the interpersonal; the collective and the individual.

scholarly journals Tutu Te Puehu and the Tears of Joseph

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Simon Moetara
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Christian Spirituality ◽  
Trauma Narratives ◽  
Biblical Narrative ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Wisdom Traditions ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Individual

A number of scholars acknowledge the rich resources contained within the wisdom, traditions and knowledge of Indigenous peoples for therapeutic healing. Repositories of collective ancient wisdom may well represent an underutilised resource for coping with challenges and trauma at the levels of both the individual and community. This article argues that the Bible is such a source as it contains a number of trauma narratives which can help in working with clients dealing with trauma. This article explores the Tutu te Puehu model proposed by Ngati Pāoa leader Glen Tupuhi. This Indigenous model that draws on the story of Joseph (Gen. 37–50), a biblical narrative that offers insights in terms of dealing with trauma and reconciliation, centred on the seven occasions that Joseph is said to weep. The model draws on the insights and the convergence of three distinct strands of Glen Tupuhi’s training and experience: his knowledge of te ao Māori, his Christian spirituality and worldview, and his experience in the areas of justice and health. Waitara Tēnā ētahi mātauranga ka tautoko arā noa atu kē ngā rawa kai roto i ngā kōrero i ngā tikanga a ia iwi taketake hai haumanu whakaora. Ko ngā huinga kōputunga mātauranga taketake pea te tauria o te rawa kāre e mahia ana hai whakaora i ngā tumatuma i ngā pēhitanga o te tangata o te hāpori rānei. E whakahau ana tēnei tuhinga ko te paipera tētahi o ēnei rawa, ā, kai konei ngā kōrero whētuki ā, he whainga āwhina haumanu kai ēnei mō ngā kiritaki whētuki. E tūhurahia ana e tēnei tuhinga te tauira Tutū te Puehu i whakaputahia ake e Glen Tupuhi, he rangatira nō Ngāti Pāoa, he tauira māori i huri ki te waitara mō Hōhepa (Kēnehi 37–50), he kōrero tāpaenga titirohanga ki te momo pānga ki te whētuki me te noho tahi, pērā ki ngā wāhanga e whitu i kīia nei i tangi a Hōhepa. Ka whakahahakihia ake ngā mōhiotanga me ngā pūtahitanga o ngā io e toru whakangungu, whēako o Glen Tupuhi: tōna mātauranga o te ao Māori, tōna wairua Karaitiana tirohanga whānui ki te ao, me ngā whēako whaiaro mai i te ture me te hauora.

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