Exploring Organization through Contributions

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-209
Author(s):  
Rozas David ◽  
Huckle Steven
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Activity Theory ◽  
Peer Production ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Digital Work ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Collaborative Platform

This chapter focuses on peer-production as a form of collaborative digital work, closely allied to crowdsourcing and other contemporary working practices that are mediated by digital platforms. Such platforms are a growing form of digital work; however, they raise complex methodological issues. First, although often a single collaborative platform coordinates groups, work can be distributed globally. Second, multimodal approaches require the researcher to transition between online and offline media. Finally, it can be challenging to identify what is ‘work’ as activity boundaries are blurred. It is argued that the use of Activity Theory overcomes some of these issues and its utility in an analysis of the production of the open source software, Drupal, is demonstrated, highlighting the potential for Activity Theory to enable cross-contextual comparisons and proposing the concept of ‘socio-technical systems of contribution’ as a way to understand interactions between networks of collaboration. The limitations of the approach and potential future developments are noted.

scholarly journals Dynamic Capability and Open-Source Strategy in the Age of Digital Transformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Fukawa ◽  
Yanzhi Zhang ◽  
Sunil Erevelles
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Dynamic Capability ◽  
Digital Platforms

Today, Industry 4.0 technologies, such as Big Data analytics and mobile technologies, are forcing firms to seek new ways to create and deliver customer value. We argue that the Android project, one of the most successful open-source digital platforms, reflects a new business model in the age of digital transformation. In the Android community, application developers create and sell applications for the Android operating system provided by the open-source firm (Google), and share the profit with Google. Such an open-source strategy forces the open-source firm to give up the profits from selling the operating system to customers. A firm generally chooses an open-source strategy to increase its user network size. Using the concept of creative intensity, or the speed of idea generation, we offer a new explanation regarding the benefits of an open-source strategy in the age of digital transformation. We investigate how to enhance creative intensity and profit on the open-source digital platform. Our model suggests that an open-source strategy effectively manages the diminishing value of ideas and, thus, facilitates the dynamic capability of an open-source firm.

How Digitization is Empowering Vietnamese Cultural Professionals to Preserve, Present, and Promote Art and Culture Online: Navigating Challenges whilst Harnessing Opportunities to Create a Digital Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Emma Duester
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Cultural Preservation ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
Digital Work ◽  
Cultural Sector ◽  
Cultural Colonialism ◽  
Free Open Source

Abstract The ability to publish and provide access to cultural resources via free, open source digital platforms is empowering Vietnamese cultural professionals to promote their culture to local and international audiences. Digitization projects now include the use of 3D, VR, and AR digital technologies for the purpose of being published on digital platforms. This is creating an emergent digital culture in Vietnam, with an increasing amount of available resources online. Digitization projects are now used to preserve cultural heritage as well as to present and promote contemporary art and culture. This reflects a change in practices amongst cultural professionals in Hanoi, in terms of how digital technologies are used and the value placed on making cultural resources publicly accessible online. However, as new content, knowledge, and voices are able to participate in the online discourse on art and culture, the question remains as to whether this digital transition is creating greater equality and inclusion in the cultural sector or if it is exacerbating already existing forms of digital cultural colonialism. This paper presents findings from 50 interviews with cultural professionals working in the cultural sector in Hanoi about their digitization projects and digital work practices, the developments in digitization in Hanoi’s cultural sector over the past five years, how cultural professionals are utilizing the opportunities afforded by digital technologies for cultural preservation and promotion, as well as the challenges they face in carrying out digitization projects.

scholarly journals Mitra Pengemudi Gojek dalam Jeratan Ekonomi Berbagi Melalui Platform

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Anggalih Bayu Muh. Kamim ◽  
M. Rusmul Khandiq
Keyword(s):  
Business Management ◽  
Business Relationship ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Severance Pay ◽  
Work Relations ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
Digital Work ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Partner Relations ◽  
Collection Methods

This study will examine digital work relations that occur between driver partners with PT. Gojek Indonesia which happened because of business management based on digital platforms in the form of applications. The use of this platform has caused a change to existing work relations, especially in terms of existing contracts and wage systems. Gojek as a platform-based business is in great demand by the younger generation of workers because it's working hour's flexibility, higher wages, and bonuses offered. However, in fact, there are many workers' rights that are not fulfilled by Gojek to their driving partners. By using data collection methods in the form of documentation studies and data analysis carried out through the stages of reduction, presentation, verification, and conclusion, it was found that Gojek partners experienced vulnerabilities due to the use of a partner system that eliminated some workers' rights such as social security, overtime salaries, absence of severance pay, and partner relations patterns that were more subordinated. In addition, the welfare promised, in the end, is only an illusion because partners must experience exploitation in the form of unreasonable hours of work, incompatibility with income as promised, and business relationship gaps. 

Modeling and Analyzing Contextual Influences

2015 ◽  
pp. 249-263
Author(s):  
Thomas Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Activity Theory ◽  
Literary Theory ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
Individual Action ◽  
Methodological Consideration ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
The Impact

Working practices rather than purpose or instrumentation defines workplaces as individually motivated or systems controlled units of analysis. In this chapter, analysis of religious work in spiritual organizations covers interview data on employees' experiences of their organizations. Methodological consideration applies for comparison between concepts, models, and theories. Results on religious workplace characteristics emerge from applied activity theory and a model of literary analysis. Religious people perceive and conceive of their workplaces as self-controlled, purpose-driven, administratively structured, and multi-faceted environments. As their words come out during interviews, the data they supply differs from their perceived workplace impressions. Deployed activity and literary theory plus empirical data make up the means for analyzing the impact of setting, purpose, individual action, and collective activity.

Socio-Technical Systems on the Move

2015 ◽  
pp. 69-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Occelli
Keyword(s):  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Smart Growth ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Information Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Collaborative Platform

Because of the advancements in Information Communication Technologies (ICTs), and notably the increased spreading of Web 2.0 Internet-based services and mobile computing, an increasingly information-rich environment is made available, where new types of Socio-Technical Systems (STS) can be established. Due to the pervasiveness of ICT, designing and developing Socio-Technical Systems is raising an increasing interest also from a policy point of view. They play a crucial role in the improvement of the so-called soft-infrastructures, a main asset for delivering social innovation. Raising the performance of such an infrastructure, in fact, turns out to be a major challenge to be addressed in order to meet EU requirements for smart growth. In this chapter, a concept of STS is suggested, and its ICT-enabled implications for policy activity are highlighted. As an example, the concept is used for designing a collaborative platform for health knowledge exchange at a regional level.

scholarly journals A market for trading software issues

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malvika Rao ◽  
Georg J P Link ◽  
Don Marti ◽  
Andy Leak ◽  
Rich Bodo
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Peer Production ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Open Source Software Development ◽  
Trading Market

Abstract The security of software is becoming increasingly important. Open source software forms much of our digital infrastructure. It, however, contains vulnerabilities which have been exploited, attracted public attention, and caused large financial damages. This article proposes a solution to shortcomings in the current economic situation of open source software development. The main idea is to introduce price signals into the peer production of software. This is achieved through a trading market for futures contracts on the status of software issues. Users, who value secure software, gain the possibility to predict outcomes and incentivize work, strengthening collaboration and information sharing in open source software development. The design of such a trading market is discussed and a prototype introduced. The feasibility of the trading market design is corroborated in a proof-of-concept implementation and simulation. Preliminary results show that the implementation works and can be used for future experiments. Several directions for future research result from this article, which contributes to peer production, software development practices, and incentives design.

scholarly journals Open-Source Grinding Machine for Compression Screw Manufacturing

Inventions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Jacob Franz ◽  
Joshua M. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Self ◽  
Compression Screw ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Abrasive Disk ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Grinding Machine ◽  
1045 Steel

Some of the most promising distributed recycling and additive manufacturing (DRAM) technical systems use fused particle fabrication (FPF) or fused granular fabrication (FGF), where compression screws force post-consumer waste plastic through a heated nozzle for direct 3D printing. To assist the technical evolution of these systems, this study provided the details of an invention for a low-cost, easily replicable open-source grinding machine for compression screw manufacturing. The system itself can be largely fabricated using FPF/FGF following the self-replicating rapid prototyper (RepRap) methodology. This grinding machine can be made from a cordless cut-off grinder and < $155 in parts. The new invention is demonstrated to be able to cut custom screws with variable (i) channel depths, (ii) screw diameters, (iii) screw lengths, (iv) pitches, (v) abrasive disk thicknesses, (vi) handedness of the screws, (vii) and materials (three types of steel tested: 1045 steel, 1144 steel, and 416 stainless steel). The results show that the device is more than capable of replicating commercial screws as well as providing makers with a much greater flexibility to make custom screws. This invention enables the DRAM toolchain to become even more self-sufficient, which assists the goals of the circular economy.

scholarly journals From Peer Production to Productization: A Study of Socially Enabled Business Exchanges in Open Source Service Networks

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Feller ◽  
Patrick Finnegan ◽  
Brian Fitzgerald ◽  
Jeremy Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Peer Production ◽  
Service Networks

scholarly journals Aquarium: open-source laboratory software for design, execution and data management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Vrana ◽  
Orlando de Lange ◽  
Yaoyu Yang ◽  
Garrett Newman ◽  
Ayesha Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
High Level

Abstract Automation has been shown to improve the replicability and scalability of biomedical and bioindustrial research. Although the work performed in many labs is repetitive and can be standardized, few academic labs can afford the time and money required to automate their workflows with robotics. We propose that human-in-the-loop automation can fill this critical gap. To this end, we present Aquarium, an open-source, web-based software application that integrates experimental design, inventory management, protocol execution, and data capture. We provide a high-level view of how researchers can install Aquarium and use it in their own labs. We discuss the impacts of Aquarium on working practices, use in biofoundries, and opportunities it affords for collaboration and education in life science laboratory research and manufacture.

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