Human Trafficking and the Violation of the Rights of Detainees

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-120
Author(s):  
Gisela Hirschmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Peace Operations ◽  
Domestic Institutions ◽  
Human Rights Organizations ◽  
First Case ◽  
Private Military Companies ◽  
High Commissioner

This chapter contains two case studies on the accountability of peace operations in Bosnia. The first case study analyzes how pluralist accountability evolved in response to allegations that a significant number of international personnel, partly under contract with private military companies, were involved in sex trafficking. In the case of human trafficking, the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in Bosnia as well as domestic institutions acted as accountability holders. The second case study on Bosnia demonstrates how pluralist accountability failed to evolve in response to the violation of detainees’ rights by the NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) operation. In this case, competition was rather weak as there were no concurring transnational nongovernmental or intergovernmental human rights organizations that competed for promoting the rights of detainees. Moreover, SFOR’s low vulnerability with regard to human rights demands hindered the evolution of pluralist accountability.

The role of international human rights organisations in the context of the conflict in Eastern Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Nina I. Karpachova
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Human Rights Organizations ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
International Human

The task of this paper is to study the role of international human rights organizations in response to the conflict taking place in eastern Ukraine. The study is based on recent reports from the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and the OSCE on Ukraine. The relevance of the stated topic is determined by the situation with human rights violations in the armed conflict in Ukraine and the significant role of international human rights organizations, making active efforts to resolve it. The purpose of this study is to determine the main aspects of the role that international organizations play in resolving this range of issues. This will help to identify potential opportunities to tackle the problem with human rights violations in the Ukrainian territories. The study combines quantitative and qualitative research of the entire spectrum of issues brought into the subject. The main results obtained are: analysis of the role and place of international human rights organizations in assessing the situation with the conflict in the Ukrainian territories and obtaining statistical information on the current status of human rights violations in these territories. The value of this paper lies in obtaining practical recommendations for finding ways to peacefully resolve the conflict in the East of Ukraine and implementing comprehensive measures to create conditions for the protection of human rights in this region

scholarly journals Countering Ethnic Violence, Extremism, and Terrorism or Human Rights Violations: A Case Study of Central Asian Republics

2018 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Adam Saud ◽  
Dr. Irfan Hussain Qaisrani
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Human Rights Organizations ◽  
Regional Dynamics ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Social ◽  
Free Region

Central Asia has been declared as ‘not free’ region by most of the global human rights organizations. The region has been governed by the old socialist-minded leadership since its independence. This style does not give room for civil liberties and human rights. Furthermore, the region has been marked with extremism, terrorism and ethnic violence for a long period of time. The regimes are also supported by other ‘not free’ states especially Russia and China. Such kind of regional dynamics has encouraged the states to adopt oppressive policies in order to strengthen themselves. This research focuses; to understand the social and ethnic demography of the Central Asian region; to understand the hyper-presidential political systems of the region; to understand the violent and non-violent movements against the ‘system’, and to analyze the state policies towards human rights and civil liberties.

scholarly journals "You Are Never Truly Free" Social Stigma in India and its Impact Upon Rehabilitation, Reintegration and Advocacy for Survivors of Sex Trafficking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sumu Diya Mukesh
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Trafficking Victims

<p>This research examines how social stigmas related to sex work and sexual activity in India contribute to the creation of environments conducive to gender discrimination and the erosion of female rights. It seeks to understand, through the work of anti-trafficking staff and the lived experience of sex trafficking survivors in Kolkata, how this subsequently impacts survivors' ability to be successfully rehabilitated and reintegrated into their communities. Human trafficking directly limits the human rights and freedoms which development aims to facilitate and realise; it is fundamentally a development concern. Violations of human rights are a cause and a consequence of trafficking in persons, making their universal promotion and protection relevant to anti-trafficking. Females constitute 80 per cent of all sex trafficking victims, demonstrating that it is a significantly gendered crime. India is home to 40 per cent of the estimated global slave population, and operates as a destination, transit and origin country for all forms of human trafficking.   This research involved semi-structured interviews focused on experiences and understandings of social stigma with eight staff of the anti-trafficking NGO Sanlaap, one staff member of a partnering Government-run shelter home, and one focus group with eight sex trafficking survivors. Data were analysed thematically through concepts of human rights, social stigma, gender discrimination and vulnerability.  The results indicated that prioritising the protection and promotion of their human rights was integral to Sanlaap's success in rehabilitating and reintegrating survivors. This research, therefore, reinforces conceptual links between human rights violations and sex trafficking, and argues that preventative action needs to have a more central role in current anti-trafficking efforts. The results demonstrate that stigma is a manifestation of power, which enables the subordination and displacement of vulnerable groups, reinforces inequality and power imbalances, and continues to undermine survivor rights to reintegration. This study also highlights where there is a need to advance discourse about cultural rights and sexuality within anti-trafficking work in India, and to implement broader approaches to women's development as part of sex trafficking prevention strategies.</p>

18. Human Rights and Forced Migration

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil Loescher
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
International Community ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Forced Migrants ◽  
International Refugee Regime

This chapter examines the link between human rights and forced migration. It first considers the human rights problems confronting forced migrants both during their flight and during their time in exile before discussing the differing definitions accorded refugees today as well as the difficulty in coming up with a widely accepted definition. It then explores the roles and functions of the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees and the international refugee regime. It also uses the case study of Myanmar to illustrate many of the human rights features of a protracted refugee and internal displacement crisis. Finally, it describes how the international community might respond to new and emerging challenges in forced migration and world politics, and better adapt to the ongoing tension between the power and interests of states and upholding refugee rights.

Human Rights and Wrongs in Iran's Drug Diplomacy with Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Bjerre Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Drug Control ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Human Rights Organizations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drugs And Crime

Europe has a strong interest in and a history of assisting Iran in controlling inflows of drugs from Afghanistan. But due to Iran's increasing use of the death penalty in drug trafficking cases, Europe has terminated its cooperation. Based on interviews with Iranian policy-makers and representatives of both human rights organizations and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), this article presents Denmark's withdrawal of drug control funding in 2013 as a case study, analyzing the dilemmas and trajectories of joint Iranian-European drug diplomacy and the prospects for reengagement following the nuclear agreement.

scholarly journals "You Are Never Truly Free" Social Stigma in India and its Impact Upon Rehabilitation, Reintegration and Advocacy for Survivors of Sex Trafficking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sumu Diya Mukesh
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Trafficking Victims

<p>This research examines how social stigmas related to sex work and sexual activity in India contribute to the creation of environments conducive to gender discrimination and the erosion of female rights. It seeks to understand, through the work of anti-trafficking staff and the lived experience of sex trafficking survivors in Kolkata, how this subsequently impacts survivors' ability to be successfully rehabilitated and reintegrated into their communities. Human trafficking directly limits the human rights and freedoms which development aims to facilitate and realise; it is fundamentally a development concern. Violations of human rights are a cause and a consequence of trafficking in persons, making their universal promotion and protection relevant to anti-trafficking. Females constitute 80 per cent of all sex trafficking victims, demonstrating that it is a significantly gendered crime. India is home to 40 per cent of the estimated global slave population, and operates as a destination, transit and origin country for all forms of human trafficking.   This research involved semi-structured interviews focused on experiences and understandings of social stigma with eight staff of the anti-trafficking NGO Sanlaap, one staff member of a partnering Government-run shelter home, and one focus group with eight sex trafficking survivors. Data were analysed thematically through concepts of human rights, social stigma, gender discrimination and vulnerability.  The results indicated that prioritising the protection and promotion of their human rights was integral to Sanlaap's success in rehabilitating and reintegrating survivors. This research, therefore, reinforces conceptual links between human rights violations and sex trafficking, and argues that preventative action needs to have a more central role in current anti-trafficking efforts. The results demonstrate that stigma is a manifestation of power, which enables the subordination and displacement of vulnerable groups, reinforces inequality and power imbalances, and continues to undermine survivor rights to reintegration. This study also highlights where there is a need to advance discourse about cultural rights and sexuality within anti-trafficking work in India, and to implement broader approaches to women's development as part of sex trafficking prevention strategies.</p>

scholarly journals THE INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT’S ROLE IN COMBATING HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN INDONESIA (CASE STUDY 2014-2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Victoria Advenita ◽  
Ningsih Susilawati ◽  
Andrea Kurnadi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Fundamental Objective

<p>Based on the fluctuating trend of human trafficking cases which is considered as still high in number, the Government of Indonesia should take serious action in combating these issues in Indonesia to protect the human rights of Indonesian citizens. The human security issue and actions taken by the Government of Indonesia will be the fundamental objective of this research. The theoretical framework used to analyze the issue in this study is the theory of Human Security, Role Theory, and the concept of Human Trafficking. To analyze the data, this study will use qualitative methods. The results show that the government has succeeded in managing several steps that are useful to increase awareness in cooperation and coordination between state institutions. The government has also kept the cooperation well with several foreign states and external parties to eradicate human trafficking not only in Indonesia but also in the international sphere.</p>

The Unintended Consequences of the Goldstone Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights Organizations in Israel

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 877-901
Author(s):  
Hala Khoury-Bisharat
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Human Rights Organizations ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Human Rights Advocacy ◽  
Commissions Of Inquiry ◽  
International Human ◽  
Fact Finding

Abstract Scholarly writings on internationally constituted commissions of inquiry (COIs), as outlined in the introduction to this symposium, give inadequate attention to the effects that they might have on local disputes that these bodies are often created to address. The United Nations Fact-Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict (2009), popularly known as the Goldstone Commission, had unintended and unforeseen consequences at the domestic level. Specifically, the Commission caused a severe backlash against human rights organizations in Israel (IsHROs). This article analyses the backlash against the Commission and the effect of that backlash on human rights organizations and human rights advocacy in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory in the first few years after the release of the Goldstone report. This case study reveals how a government can use a COI intervention in an ongoing conflict to deflect criticism against it and to delegitimize local human rights organizations and, as a result, to intensify enemy–friend dynamics within a conflict. The findings of this case study thus challenge the assumption of much of the socio-legal literature that the interaction of international human rights institutions with domestic actors leads to positive human rights change. But the case study also adds a new dimension to the academic and policy literature that has been critical of the international human rights enterprise in recent years. Despite delegitimization campaigns, international funding has increased for many IsHROs, and, eventually, some groups have become even more visible and have enjoyed, internationally, a higher reputation and greater credibility. The Commission’s experience thus demonstrates that the establishment of COIs in deeply divided conflict societies can have negative, as well as positive, implications on human rights.

Indirect Accountability for Extraterritorial Human Rights Violations

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-197
Author(s):  
Monika Heupel
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Due Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
First Case

Abstract This article examines how states and international organizations can be held to account for extraterritorial human rights violations. I develop and investigate the potential of what I call an “indirect accountability” mechanism. In indirect accountability relationships, accountability fora do not directly hold states and international organizations that commit extraterritorial human rights violations to account as these are frequently immune to direct accountability claims. Instead, they hold them to account indirectly by addressing accountability claims to an implicated third party, expecting that the third party will upload the accountability claims to the state or international organization. After conceptualizing the mechanism and its scope conditions, I conduct two brief qualitative case studies using the method of deductive process tracing to explore the potential of the mechanism. The first case study traces efforts to indirectly hold the United States to account for violating foreigners’ privacy rights in the context of mass surveillance. The second case study traces attempts to indirectly hold the United Nations Security Council to account for violating the due process rights of blacklisted terror suspects. Both case studies provide support for the mechanism.

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