The Anthropological Demography of Health

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Anthropological Demography ◽  
Health And Healing

This book provides an integrative framework for the anthropological demography of health, a field of interdisciplinary population research grounded in ethnography and in critical examination of the social, political, and economic histories that have shaped relations between peoples. The field has grown from the 1990s, extending to a remarkable range of key human and policy issues, including: genetic disorders; nutrition; mental health; infant, child and maternal morbidity; malaria; HIV/AIDS; disability and chronic diseases; new reproductive technologies; and population ageing. Collaboration with social, medical, and demographic historians enables these issues to be situated in the evolution of institutional structures and inequalities that shape health and care access. Understanding fertility levels and trends has widened beyond parity and contraception to the many life course risks and alternative healing systems that shape reproductive health. By going beyond conventional demographic and epidemiological methods, and idealised macro/micro-level units, the anthropological demography of health places people’s health-seeking behaviour in a compositional demography based on ethnographic observation of group formation and change over time, and of variance between what people say and do. It tracks family and community networks; class, linguistic, and religious groups; sectoral labour and market distributions; health and healing specialisms; and relations between these bodies and with groups controlling local and national governments. The approach enables examination of how local cultures and experience are translated formally into measures on which survey and clinical programmes rely, thus testing the empirical adequacy of such translations, and leading to revision of concepts of risk and governance.

scholarly journals Using Google Trends to Examine the Spatio-Temporal Incidence and Behavioral Patterns of Dengue Disease: A Case Study in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howell T. Ho ◽  
Thaddeus M. Carvajal ◽  
John Robert Bautista ◽  
Jayson Dale R. Capistrano ◽  
Katherine M. Viacrusis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Health Seeking Behavior ◽  
Search Queries ◽  
Seeking Behavior

Dengue is a major public health concern and an economic burden in the Philippines. Despite the country’s improved dengue surveillance, it still suffers from various setbacks and needs to be complemented with alternative approaches. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of Internet-based surveillance such as Google Dengue Trends (GDT) in supplementing current epidemiological methods for predicting future dengue outbreaks and patterns. With this, our study has two objectives: (1) assess the temporal relationship of weekly GDT and dengue incidence in Metropolitan Manila from 2009–2014; and (2) examine the health-seeking behavior based on dengue-related search queries of the population. The study collated the population statistics and reported dengue cases in Metropolitan Manila from respective government agencies to calculate the dengue incidence (DI) on a weekly basis for the entire region and annually per city. Data processing of GDT and dengue incidence was performed by conducting an ‘adjustment’ and scaling procedures, respectively, and further analyzed for correlation and cross-correlation analyses using Pearson’s correlation. The relative search volume of the term ‘dengue’ and top dengue-related search queries in Metropolitan Manila were obtained and organized from the Google Trends platform. Afterwards, a thematic analysis was employed, and word clouds were generated to examine the health behavior of the population. Results showed that weekly temporal GDT pattern are closely similar to the weekly DI pattern in Metropolitan Manila. Further analysis showed that GDT has a moderate and positive association with DI when adjusted or scaled, respectively. Cross-correlation analysis revealed a delayed effect where GDT leads DI by 1–2 weeks. Thematic analysis of dengue-related search queries indicated 5 categories namely; (a) dengue, (b) sign and symptoms of dengue, (c) treatment and prevention, (d) mosquito, and (e) other diseases. The majority of the search queries were classified in ‘signs and symptoms’ which indicate the health-seeking behavior of the population towards the disease. Therefore, GDT can be utilized to complement traditional disease surveillance methods combined with other factors that could potentially identify dengue hotspots and help in public health decisions.

scholarly journals Refugee Health: A Gender Comparison in Health Care Access

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Dadey
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Refugee Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Comparison ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Immigrant And Refugee ◽  
Refugee Men

Research suggests that Canada's newly arrived immigrant and refugee communities tend to be healthier than the domestic population, and that their health declines over time. Studies examining immigrant and refugee health primarily focus on how barriers associated with language, the settlement experience, culture, and systemic processes impede the utilization of health services among refugee men and women respectively. However, without the benefit of a gender comparison, such studies fail to identify the variation in health needs and differences in health-seeking between refugee men and women, and are thus limited in their capacity to improve service utilization. Drawing from exiting literature on refugee health status pre-migration and during resettlement, this paper implicates the role of health care reform processes in exploring the gender differences in access and health-seeking. A postcolonial feminist epistemology is advanced as a means to include the voices of refugees and other marginalized groups in future research and practice in order to encourage substantive change.

Microfertilization techniques--the Swedish experience

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Hamberger ◽  
A Sjogren ◽  
K Lundin ◽  
B Soderlund ◽  
L Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Ongoing Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Vitro Fertilization

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been studied in this animal research programme since 1990. In 1993, the technique was first applied clinically and up to the present time (September 1994), a total of 456 couples have been studied in 538 cycles. The principal indication for the use of ICSI has been severe male sub-fertility as judged by a semen analysis. In addition, men with high titres of antisperm antibodies, blockage of the vas deferens and neurological disorders such as spinal cord lesions have been included in the programme. Men with genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis and acrosome-deficient spermatozoa have also been treated successfully. The overall fertilization rate using ICSI was 59%, which is similar to the conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) programme in Goteborg, however, the pregnancy rate per embryo transfer (29%) and the ongoing pregnancy rate per transfer (22%) were slightly lower. The total number of pregnancies was 144 with 111 of the pregnancies either ongoing or already delivered. To date, 36 healthy children have been born following 29 deliveries and no major malformations have been diagnosed. Being the first programme in Scandinavia to perform ICSI, this unit has experienced long waiting lists which indicates that severe male sub-fertility will be one of the major groups for treatment with assisted reproductive technologies in the future.

Afterword

2020 ◽  
pp. 516-540
Author(s):  
Yves Charbit ◽  
Véronique Petit ◽  
Kaveri Qureshi ◽  
Philip Kreager
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
General View ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Collective Effort ◽  
Anthropological Demography ◽  
Local Experience ◽  
Part Structure ◽  
The Many

The extent to which health interventions actually improve people’s lives, and the extent to which interventions may become objects of widespread fear and mistrust, are issues that have recurred many times throughout modern history. A dynamic arises at the conjunction of three formidable forces—local experience, institutional interventions, and scientific research—that is a compound of the fit, both good and bad, between them. Understanding this dynamism requires us not to privilege science, nor intervention programmes, nor local cultures—whether as the source of strengths, or weaknesses, in the collective effort to improve health. The Afterword reviews this dynamic, in two steps. First, it steps back from the conceptual and methodological detail of chapters in this book, giving a general view of the obstacles and challenges that remain. Historical prejudices, continuing limitations of data systems in monitoring migration and the spread of disease, the challenges posed for conventional demographics by climate change, and the longstanding demographic tendency to predefine implications of elementary fertility measurement, provide examples. Second, in the concluding sections, the chapter draws on the many case studies in the book to propose a preliminary typology of blockages that have arisen where there is a mismatch between research methods and the societies and cultures to which methods have been addressed. The anthropological demography of health, in the five-part structure of this book, provides an integrative framework which co-ordinates demography, epidemiology, history, linguistics, and other disciplines within a bottom-up, combined qualitative and quantitative approach to societies and their variation.

Assisted reproductive technologies in married couples at high risk for genetic disorders. Preimplantation genetic screening

2017 ◽  
Vol 8_2017 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Kulakova E.V. Kulakova ◽  
Kalinina E.A. Kalinina ◽  
Trofimov D.Yu. Trofimov ◽  
Makarova N.P. Makarova ◽  
Khechumyan L.R. Khechumyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Genetic Screening ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Preimplantation Genetic Screening ◽  
Reproductive Technologies

scholarly journals Refugee Health: A Gender Comparison in Health Care Access

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Dadey
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Refugee Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Comparison ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Immigrant And Refugee ◽  
Refugee Men

Research suggests that Canada's newly arrived immigrant and refugee communities tend to be healthier than the domestic population, and that their health declines over time. Studies examining immigrant and refugee health primarily focus on how barriers associated with language, the settlement experience, culture, and systemic processes impede the utilization of health services among refugee men and women respectively. However, without the benefit of a gender comparison, such studies fail to identify the variation in health needs and differences in health-seeking between refugee men and women, and are thus limited in their capacity to improve service utilization. Drawing from exiting literature on refugee health status pre-migration and during resettlement, this paper implicates the role of health care reform processes in exploring the gender differences in access and health-seeking. A postcolonial feminist epistemology is advanced as a means to include the voices of refugees and other marginalized groups in future research and practice in order to encourage substantive change.

Sulfhydryl bond formation is a prerequisite for proper cycling of centrosomes and chromosomes in mammalian tissue culture cells

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
Heide Schatten ◽  
Neidhard Paweletz ◽  
Ron Balczon
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Sulfhydryl Group ◽  
Mammalian Tissue ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Microtubule Network ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Tissue Culture Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron

To study the role of sulfhydryl group formation during cell cycle progression, mammalian tissue culture cells (PTK2) were exposed to 100¼M 2-mercaptoethanol for 2 to 6 h during their exponential phase of growth. The effects of 2-mercaptoethanol on centrosomes, chromosomes, microtubules, membranes and intermediate filaments were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) methods using a human autoimmune antibody directed against centrosomes (SPJ), and a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against tubulin (E7). Chromosomes were affected most by this treatment: premature chromosome condensation was detected in interphase nuclei, and the structure in mitotic chromosomes was altered compared to control cells. This would support previous findings in dividing sea urchin cells in which chromosomes are arrested at metaphase while the centrosome splitting cycle continues. It might also support findings that certairt-sulfhydryl-blocking agents block cyclin destruction. The organization of the microtubule network was scattered probably due to a looser organization of centrosomal material at the interphase centers and at the mitotic poles.

Clinical trials screening: An opportunity to increase medical care access

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A410-A410
Author(s):  
T KOVASC ◽  
R ALTMAN ◽  
R JUTABHA ◽  
G OHNING
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Care Access

Prospective Memory Development Across the Lifespan

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Zuber ◽  
Matthias Kliegel
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Integrative Framework

Abstract. Prospective Memory (PM; i.e., the ability to remember to perform planned tasks) represents a key proxy of healthy aging, as it relates to older adults’ everyday functioning, autonomy, and personal well-being. The current review illustrates how PM performance develops across the lifespan and how multiple cognitive and non-cognitive factors influence this trajectory. Further, a new, integrative framework is presented, detailing how those processes interplay in retrieving and executing delayed intentions. Specifically, while most previous models have focused on memory processes, the present model focuses on the role of executive functioning in PM and its development across the lifespan. Finally, a practical outlook is presented, suggesting how the current knowledge can be applied in geriatrics and geropsychology to promote healthy aging by maintaining prospective abilities in the elderly.

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