What Does Violence Have to Do with History?

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-54
Author(s):  
Oren Falk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Prospect Theory ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
Model Risk ◽  
Physical Action ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Risk Magnitude ◽  
Part Model

Historians’ treatment of violence has been dominated by a binary theoretical orientation. A critique of this outlook leads to articulating a new, three-part model of violence as a cultural history problem. Neither functionalist readings in terms of power nor interpretations in terms of signification sufficiently explain violence: it is proposed that risk operates as a bridging category, bringing out the unique features violence introduces to the general social contest over domination and meaning. This chapter details the insights drawn from three key risk analysis theories—prospect theory, edgework, and the calculus of jeopardy—to model risk as a dimension of violence. It defines key concepts used throughout the book: violence (‘forceful physical action apt to cause harm’), power, signification, and risk, as well as risk magnitude, likelihood, realms, and domains

scholarly journals Business Model Risk Analysis: Predicting the Probability of Business Network Profitability

2013 ◽  
pp. 118-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pontus Johnson ◽  
Maria Eugenia Iacob ◽  
Margus Välja ◽  
Marten van Sinderen ◽  
Christer Magnusson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Business Network ◽  
Model Risk

Advances of a FEM for the Failure Probability Evaluation of Masonry Vehicular Bridge Support Piers

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 580-585
Author(s):  
Luis Horacio Martínez-Mártinez ◽  
Gustavo Mendoza-Chavez ◽  
David Joaquin Delgado-Hernandez ◽  
David De León Escobedo ◽  
Elia Mercedes Alonso Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Failure Criteria ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
State Function ◽  
Limit State Function ◽  
Risk Magnitude

One of the responsibilities of a Civil Engineer is to make decisions regarding preservation of infrastructure; therefore, there have been established concepts such as risk and risk analysis. Risk analysis, is a methodology applied to determine and evaluate the risk magnitude. From the structural engineering point of view, it is required that any structure become secure, this means that the capacity to withstand external actions (strength) will be higher than these actions (loads). In order to determine the structural safety, it is required to define the failure of the structure that it is not strongly related with the collapse of the structure; the failure criteria needs to be fixed depending on the use of the building and the consequences associated with the interruption of services provided by the facility. The failure then, is calculated by means of a limit state function in where it is established the failure criteria; failure is reached when a specific condition (strength) is surpassed by the actions over the structure. The present work aims to propose a preliminary Finite Element Model (FEM) that represents a pier used as support for vehicular bridges. This FEM is required for the assessment of mechanical behavior of the structure that will be used for the determination of the limit state function needed for risk assessment. Most of the simulations with FEM presented in literature are very used for modeling of masonry walls, but it is not usual to model structures such as bridge piers.

scholarly journals INTELLECTUAL COMMUNITIES AS A SPACE OF CULTURE-BASED STUDIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Bohdana Nosenok
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Main Research ◽  
System Method ◽  
Wide Range

The aim of the paper is to reveal the specifics of the culture-based studies development process in the space of non-academic intellectual and discussion communities, namely, the "Eranos" and different philosophical cafes. The research methodology. One of the main research methods is historical reconstruction. Intellectual communities are presented from the perspective of applying ideographic and diachronic methods. Culture-based studies require the use of a multidisciplinary methodology, and the presentation of the development of culture-based studies in the framework of the formation of public space requires an appeal to the system method. Results. Knowledge exists not only within the walls of academic institutions. In the period of breaking of the old and the birth of new forms, the informal unions of intellectuals. There are different types of intellectual and discussion communities, gatherings in philosophical, literary cafes, are put on the forefront. Culture-based studies, at the very beginning of its formation, are associated with philosophical thought, since the figure of a philosopher in France is conceived wider than in the Ukrainian tradition. There the philosopher provides the intellectual activity, exploring a wide range of items. The methodology and the main issues of culture-based studies are formalized within the framework of the activity of intellectual discussion communities. Of these, "Eranos", which has been functioning since 1933 year, deserves special attention. The specificity of "Eranos" is, in particular, its international character. The novelty. Culture-based studies on the territory of France are abstract-theoretical formations since in this case it is stated that there is no reliance on empirical material (as in the Anglo-Saxon variant of cultural studies). Consequently, the development of cultural studies of pure theoretical orientation occurred differently than that of the Anglo-Saxon French colleagues. One of the forms of deployment of such studies is the emergence of new ideas not within the academic space, but during discussions inside the intellectual clubs. One of these communities is the famous "Eranos" club. Meanwhile, the public space also allowed intellectuals to gather in "philosophical cafes". This tradition continues to this day, especially in the activities of journals published by such intellectual communities. The practical significance. The results of the study can be used in the construction of educational programs in the field of cultural studies, cultural history, Ukrainian culture.

Bakhtin in Shanghai. ‘Chinese lessons’ for Bakhtin studies

2019 ◽  
pp. 207-233
Author(s):  
O. E. Osovsky
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Modern State ◽  
The West ◽  
Revolutionary Era ◽  
Chinese Context ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
The 1960S

The philosopher M. Bakhtin occupies a unique place in the process of shaping of a new humanistic paradigm. Amid the 1960s crisis in the West, Bakhtin’s key concepts, from ‘carnival’ and ‘polyphony’ to ‘dialogism’, provided a foundation for a common communication code for the humanities, which helped participants of the dialogue to find their mutual points of interest. The 16th International Bakhtin Conference ‘Bakhtin in the Post-Revolutionary Era’, which took place in Shanghai in September 2017, prompted the author to ponder the modern state of international Bakhtin studies and identify certain trends, especially noticeable in the Chinese context of the studies. The multistage reception of his ideas in Russia and abroad reveals a changing treatment of his legacy, much in demand these days, which are typified by a crisis of the humanities. Bakhtin’s stance during and after the revolution, as well as his internal approval of evolutionary, rather than revolutionary, changes in social and cultural history, which are particularly relevant today, suggest that his ideas can be used in the context of polyphonic thinking and new, e. g. digital, technologies.

Violence and Risk in Medieval Iceland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Falk
Keyword(s):  
Prospect Theory ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Power Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Authorial Intent ◽  
Historical Authenticity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
Future Status

This interdisciplinary study of violence in medieval Iceland pursues three intertwined goals. First, it proposes a new cultural history model for understanding violence. The model has three axes: power, signification, and risk. Analysis in instrumental terms, as an attempt to coerce others, focuses on power. Analysis in symbolic terms, as an attempt to manipulate meanings, focuses on signification. Analysis in cognitive terms, as an attempt to exercise agency over imperfectly controlled circumstances, focuses on risk. The axis of risk is the model’s major innovation and is laid out in detail, using insights from prospect theory, edgework, and the calculus of jeopardy. It is shown that violence, which itself generates risks, at the same time also serves to control uncertainties. Second, the book tests this model on a series of case studies from the history of medieval Iceland. It examines how violence shapes present circumstances, future status, and past memories, and how it transforms uncertain reality into socially useful narrative, showing how Icelanders’ feud paradigm blocked the prospects of warfare and state formation, while their idiom of human violence domesticated the natural environment. Third, the book develops the concept of uchronia, the hegemonic ideology of the past, to explain how texts modulate history. Uchronia is a motivated cultural memory which vouches for historical authenticity (regardless of factual reliability), maintains textual autonomy from authorial intent, and secures a fit between present society and its own past. In medieval Iceland, as often elsewhere, violence played a key role in the making of uchronia

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