Failure Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-177
Author(s):  
William B. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Control Failure ◽  
And Control

This chapter addresses the notion of failure management in depth, proposing an overall integrated approach to failure management via surveillance and control. Failure management tasks are defined, and failure surveillance and control are discussed. The conceptual design of an integrated decision support is presented. The applicability to all 18 case studies is discussed. The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in failure management is considered.

Failure Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
System Design ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Blank Slate ◽  
Cutting System ◽  
Case Based

Failures are common phenomena in civilization. Things fail and society responds, often very slowly, sometimes inappropriately. What kinds of things go wrong? Why do they go wrong? How do people and organizations react to failures? What are the best ways to react? This book addresses these questions. The analytic approach to these questions is case based and addresses 18 well-known cases of failures. A multi-level framework is employed to integrate findings across the case studies. These findings are employed to outline a conceptual approach to integrated failure management. The overarching conclusion is that the conceptual design of an integrated approach to failure management can encompass all of the 18 case studies. They all would have benefitted from the same conceptual decision support architecture. This enables cross-cutting system design principles and practices, assuring that failure management in every new domain and context need not start with a blank slate.

Philosophical consideration of social risks of intellectual automation of social management

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Natalia Mironova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Philosophical Consideration ◽  
Logical Synthesis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Social Management

The digital transformation of processes and control systems in the last decade has been accompanied by the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the conditions for the safe use of intelligent technologies and tools for managing social infrastructure. The research methodology bases on an integrated approach, comparative analysis, and logical synthesis. The author suggests a philosophical analysis of existential risks of intellectual automation of social management and the mechanisms of their implementation, and also investigates the conditions for a safer use of technologies for intelligent automation of socially significant decisions. Generalized measures and search directions are proposed to reduce a number of risks associated with intelligent automation of control.

scholarly journals Watching over or Working with? Understanding Social Work Innovation in Response to Extra-Familial Harm

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Elizabeth Wroe ◽  
Jenny Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
And Control ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Public Bodies

This paper critically reflects on the role of surveillance and trusted relationships in social work in England and Wales. It explores the characteristics of relationships of trust and relationships of surveillance and asks how these approaches apply to emerging policy and practices responses to extra-familial forms of harm (EFH). Five bodies of research that explore safeguarding responses across a range of public bodies are drawn on to present an analytical framework that explores elements of safeguarding responses, constituting relationships of trust or relationships of surveillance and control. This analytic framework is applied to two case studies, each of which detail a recent practice innovation in response to EFH studied by the authors, as part of a larger body of work under the Contextual Safeguarding programme. The application of this framework signals a number of critical issues related to the focus/rationale, methods and impact of interventions into EFH that should be considered in future work to address EFH, to ensure young people’s rights to privacy and participation are upheld.

scholarly journals Public Opinion on Artificial Intelligence Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Merenkov ◽  
R. Campa ◽  
N.P. Dronishinets
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Master's Programs ◽  
Intelligence Development ◽  
And Control

In connection with the active role of Russia and other countries in the design and implementation of devices with artificial intelligence (AI), there is a need to study the opinion of different social groups on this technology and the problems that arise when using it. The purpose of this work is to analyze public opinion on AI, in Russia and various foreign countries, and the possible consequences of its implementation in different areas of human activity. The research has revealed students’ opinions about AI devices and the problems related to their development in Russia. The research methods adopted are a content analysis of foreign publications devoted to the study of public opinion on AI and a questionnaire survey. Overall, 190 students of the Ural Federal University enrolled in Bachelor’s and Master’s programs were interviewed. The analysis of publications devoted to the study of public opinion in the United States, Japan, and Western Europe, as well as the results of our survey, has led to the conclusion that the majority of people have only a vague idea of what AI devices are. Our study has revealed that 23.6% of the respondents know nothing about AI. 36% of the respondents believe that in the near future the most demanded specialists in the labor market will be those who create robots and control their work. The survey has also shown the important role of mass media and general and special education institutions in informing the population about the opportunities and problems that arise when devices that exceed human mental capabilities are created and enter the social fabric. Keywords: public opinion, artificial intelligence, subjects of public opinion, representations of social groups about artificial intelligence

scholarly journals Service Design Creating Value for Industrial Corporates through AI Proofs of Concept

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Essi KUURE ◽  
Titta JYLKÄS ◽  
Satu MIETTINEN
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Service Design ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
New Ways Of Working ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Industrial Service ◽  
Industrial Context

The field of service design has set practices that are useful during servitization transformations intended to help businesses respond to customers’ rising expectations regarding the value of the service experience itself. As businesses increasingly pursue service development alongside product development, they need new ways of working and of evaluating solutions. Simultaneously, technological advances open avenues to new services and ways of interacting with customers. This paper draws on two workshop case studies of artificial intelligence (AI) assistant projects to examine service design in the industrial context. Through these case studies, the paper illustrates how proof of concept (PoC) is used at different project stages and explores how service design can support creation of PoCs in large industrial corporate contexts. The findings reveal the aspects of PoC as embodied experiencing of intangible AI concepts, the creation of PoCs through conversations, and the role of PoCs in industrial service design process.

Environmental Defence: What More Can the Salvor Do?

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Michael J. Lacey
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Central Position ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Integrated Response ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Casualty response must be a team effort if it is to be successful. Equally, the hard decisions must be taken by the Salvage Master at the scene. This paper considers the ways in which the objectives of integrated response and efficient command decision making can be achieved in a spill situation. The paper reviews the role of the Salvage Master, salvage strategies that aim to keep the pollutant in the ship, the integration of command and control functions in the light of the Salvage Master's central position, the questions surrounding responder liability, new developments in salvage contracts, and the role of the P&I Club in relation to the salvage function. The paper explores these issues by reviewing a series of major salvage cases, including the Sea Empress, Nassia, and Nakhodka. The case studies provide an overview of each operation, consider the command and control issues and set out the lessons for the handling of future operations.

Decision support through knowledge management: the role of the artificial intelligence

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Metaxiotis ◽  
Kostas Ergazakis ◽  
Emannuel Samouilidis ◽  
John Psarras
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Decision Support

scholarly journals Chances and Risks of Artificial Intelligence—A Concept of Developing and Exploiting Machine Intelligence for Future Societies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Reinhard Hutter ◽  
Marcus Hutter
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Machine Intelligence ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

Artificial Intelligence (AI): Boon or Bane for societies? AI technologies and solutions—as most revolutionary technologies have done in the past—offer negative implications on the one hand and considerable positive potential on the other. Avoiding the former and fostering the latter will require substantial investments in future societal concepts, research and development, and control of AI-based solutions in AI security while avoiding abuse. Preparation for the future role of AI in societies should strive towards the implementation of related methods and tools for risk management, models of complementary human–machine cooperation, strategies for the optimization of production and administration, and innovative concepts for the distribution of the economic value created. Two extreme possible “end states” of AI impact (if there is ever an end state) that are being discussed at present may manifest as (a) uncontrolled substitution by AI of major aspects of production, services, and administrative and decision-making processes, leading to unprecedented risks such as high unemployment, and devaluation and the underpayment of people in paid work, resulting in inequality in the distribution of wealth and employment, diminishing social peace, social cohesion, solidarity, security, etc., or, on the contrary, (b) the freeing of people from routine labor through increased automation in production, administration and services, and changing the constitution of politics and societies into constituencies with high ethical standards, personal self-determination, and the general dominance of humane principles, as opposed to pure materialism. Any mix of these two extremes could develop, and these combinations may vary among different societies and political systems.

Knowledge network for medical technology management in Mexico

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Martínez Licona ◽  
Joaquín Azpiroz Leehan ◽  
Miguel Cadena Méndez ◽  
Salvador Duarte Yuriar ◽  
Raúl Molina Salazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Technology Management ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Healthcare Technology

Objectives: The role of biomedical engineers (BMEs) has changed widely over the years, from managing a group of technicians to the planning of large installations and the management of medical technology countrywide. As the technology has advanced, the competence of BMEs has been challenged because it is no longer possible to be an expert in every component of the technology involved in running a hospital. Our approach has been to form a network of professionals that are experts in different fields related to medical technology, where work is coordinated to provide high quality services at the planning and execution stages of projects related to medical technology.Methods: A study of the procedures involved in the procurement of medical technology has been carried out over the years. These experiences have been compared with several case studies where the approach to problem solving in this area has been multidisciplinary. Planning and execution phases of projects involving medical technology management have been identified.Results: After several instances of collaboration among experts from different fields, a network for management of healthcare technology has been formed at our institution that incorporates the experience from different departments that were dealing separately with projects involving medical technology.Conclusions: This network has led us to propose this approach to solve medical technology management projects, where the strengths of each subgroup complement each other. This structure will lead to a more integrated approach to healthcare technology management and will ensure higher quality solutions.

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