Sustainable hydrogen energy

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. Edwards ◽  
Vladimir L. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy ◽  
Carbon Based

Hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant chemical element in our universe— it is the power source that fuels the Sun and its oxide forms the oceans that cover three quarters of our planet. This ubiquitous element could be part of our urgent quest for a cleaner, greener future. Hydrogen, in association with fuel cells, is widely considered to be pivotal to our world’s energy requirements for the twenty-first century and it could potentially redefine the future global energy economy by replacing a carbon-based fossil fuel energy economy. The principal drivers behind the sustainable hydrogen energy vision are therefore: • the urgent need for a reduction in global carbon dioxide emissions; • the improvement of urban (local) air quality; • the abiding concerns about the long-term viability of fossil fuel resources and the security of our energy supply; • the creation of a new industrial and technological energy base—a base for innovation in the science and technology of a hydrogen/fuel cell energy landscape. The ultimate realization of a hydrogen-based economy could confer enormous environmental and economic benefits, together with enhanced security of energy supply. However, the transition from a carbon-based(fossil fuel) energy system to a hydrogen-based economy involves significant scientific, technological, and socio-economic barriers. These include: • low-carbon hydrogen production from clean or renewable sources; • low-cost hydrogen storage; • low-cost fuel cells; • large-scale supporting infrastructure, and • perceived safety problems. In the present chapter we outline the basis of the growing worldwide interest in hydrogen energy and examine some of the important issues relating to the future development of hydrogen as an energy vector. As a ‘snapshot’ of international activity, we note, for example, that Japan regards the development and dissemination of fuel cells and hydrogen technologies as essential: the Ministry of Economy and Industry (METI) has set numerical targets of 5 million fuel cell vehicles and10 million kW for the total power generation by stationary fuel cells by 2020. To meet these targets, METI has allocated an annual budget of some £150 million over four years.

scholarly journals Recent Advancements in the Synthesis and Application of Carbon-Based Catalysts in the ORR

Electrochem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Samantha Macchi ◽  
Iris Denmark ◽  
Thuy Le ◽  
Mavis Forson ◽  
Mujeebat Bashiru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Precious Metal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Carbon Based

Fuel cells are a promising alternative to non-renewable energy production industries such as petroleum and natural gas. The cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which makes fuel cell technology possible, is sluggish under normal conditions. Thus, catalysts must be used to allow fuel cells to operate efficiently. Traditionally, platinum (Pt) catalysts are often utilized as they exhibit a highly efficient ORR with low overpotential values. However, Pt is an expensive and precious metal, posing economic problems for commercialization. Herein, advances in carbon-based catalysts are reviewed for their application in ORRs due to their abundance and low-cost syntheses. Various synthetic methods from different renewable sources are presented, and their catalytic properties are compared. Likewise, the effects of heteroatom and non-precious metal doping, surface area, and porosity on their performance are investigated. Carbon-based support materials are discussed in relation to their physical properties and the subsequent effect on Pt ORR performance. Lastly, advances in fuel cell electrolytes for various fuel cell types are presented. This review aims to provide valuable insight into current challenges in fuel cell performance and how they can be overcome using carbon-based materials and next generation electrolytes.

scholarly journals Analysis of Related Technologies Used in Fuel Cell Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2125 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
Ziyi Du ◽  
Hongxu Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Different Types

Abstract Nowadays, many types of fuel cells have made significant progress. In 2014, they were applied to the production model Toyota’s FCHV-Adv. With their high efficiency and low pollution, fuel cells have gradually started to replace some traditional technologies in many energy applications and production industries and have become a hot topic of interest in recent years. Depending on the type of fuel, there are various types, and different fuel cells work on different principles, leading to differences in their performance. This paper lists the different fuel cells and their application scenarios in the automotive industry. In addition, the use of hydrogen in fuel cell vehicles is also a major concern. This paper briefly discusses the current hydrogen production and four different types of fuel cell vehicles and their energy management strategies. All the technical advantages of fuel cells and hydrogen energy are ultimately reflected in fuel cell vehicles, and this paper describes the current challenges and future possibilities.

scholarly journals N-doped carbon nanomaterials are durable catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in acidic fuel cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. e1400129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianglan Shui ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Feng Du ◽  
Liming Dai
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Carbon Based

The availability of low-cost, efficient, and durable catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a prerequisite for commercialization of the fuel cell technology. Along with intensive research efforts of more than half a century in developing nonprecious metal catalysts (NPMCs) to replace the expensive and scarce platinum-based catalysts, a new class of carbon-based, low-cost, metal-free ORR catalysts was demonstrated to show superior ORR performance to commercial platinum catalysts, particularly in alkaline electrolytes. However, their large-scale practical application in more popular acidic polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells remained elusive because they are often found to be less effective in acidic electrolytes, and no attempt has been made for a single PEM cell test. We demonstrated that rationally designed, metal-free, nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes and their graphene composites exhibited significantly better long-term operational stabilities and comparable gravimetric power densities with respect to the best NPMC in acidic PEM cells. This work represents a major breakthrough in removing the bottlenecks to translate low-cost, metal-free, carbon-based ORR catalysts to commercial reality, and opens avenues for clean energy generation from affordable and durable fuel cells.

scholarly journals Autonomous Sensor Node Powered by CM-Scale Benthic Microbial Fuel Cell and Low-Cost and Off-the-Shelf Components

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Chailloux ◽  
A. Capitaine ◽  
B. Erable ◽  
G. Pillonnet
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Autonomous Sensor

AbstractMicrobial fuel cells (MFC’s) are promising energy harvesters to constantly supply energy to sensors deployed in aquatic environments where solar, thermal and vibration sources are inadequate. In order to show the ready-to-use MFC potential as energy scavengers, this paper presents the association of a durable benthic MFC with a few dollars of commercially-available power management units (PMU’s) dedicated to other kinds of harvesters. With 20 cm

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Education at Michigan Technological University

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Mukherjee ◽  
Jason M. Keith ◽  
Daniel A. Crowl ◽  
David W. Caspary ◽  
Jeff Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Hydrogen Technology ◽  
Hands On Learning ◽  
Technological University ◽  
Transformative Curriculum ◽  
Group Enterprise

There is a strong need for a transformative curriculum to train the next generation of engineers who will help design, construct, and operate fuel cell vehicles and the associated hydrogen fueling infrastructure. In this poster we discuss how we integrate fuel cell and hydrogen technology into the project-based, hands-on learning experiences in engineering education at Michigan Technological University. Our approach is to involve students in the learning process via team-based interactive projects with a real-world flavor. This project has resulted in the formation of an “Interdisciplinary Minor in Hydrogen Technology” at Michigan Technological University. To receive the 16 credit minor, students are required to satisfy requirements in four areas, which are: • Participation in multiple semesters of the Alternative Fuels Group Enterprise, where students work on hands-on integration, design, and/or research projects in hydrogen and fuel cells. • Enrolling in a fuel cell course. • Enrolling in a lecture or laboratory course on hydrogen energy. • Enrolling in discipline-specific elective courses.

scholarly journals Biogas to Fuel Cell State of The Art: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Shafini Mohd Shafie ◽  
A Harits Nu'man ◽  
Nik Nurul Anis Nik Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
The Impact

Due to the emerging development in the energy industry, the demand for electricity consumption has sharply increased for each country. Therefore, a new recovery of energy resources is needed in consequence of the decreasing dependency on conventional energy resources, while sustaining energy security in the aspect of energy supply and climate change issues. The fuel cell is one of the most potential resources to be explored in order to overcome the constraints of the current energy generation. The aim of this paper is to discuss the entire cycle of the fuel cell system. It is starting from biogas production up to the recent studies related to life cycle assessment on fuel cell studies. Most of the researchers focused on the technical part of fuel cells; however, a comprehensive environmental assessment is essential to fully recognize the impact of fuel cells. Furthermore, this conceptual paper provided an idea on understanding the concept of fuel cell and referred to recently published articles related to life cycle assessment. Hopefully, this study can provide the guideline in determining the future energy for this country, in order to be less dependent on the current resources of energy supply.

scholarly journals Development and application of hydrogen energy and fuel cell vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
National Security ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Fuel Resource

<p>is currently,continued growth in global energy demand and dwindling fossil fuel resource reserves,and<br />environmental security issues are gradually highlighted,makes it possible to create aClean and sustainable energy<br />systems have become an urgent need for national security strategies for the future ofnations.awide range of hydrogen<br />sources,use clean and can thenhealth,is ideal for traditional fossil fuels alternative energy.This article mainly introduces<br />the development of hydrogen energy and hydrogen production and hydrogen storage technology,and analyzing<br />hydrogen energyTechnologies in the development of automobiles,-fuel cell car.To resolve the energy problems that are<br />currently facing</p>

scholarly journals Potential of floating solar technology in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Alif Saifuddin Jamalludin ◽  
Firdaus Muhammad Sukki ◽  
Siti Hawa Abu Bakar ◽  
Fadzliana Ramlee ◽  
Abu Bakar Munir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Natural Source ◽  
The Future ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
Solar Technology

<span>Solar energy is a natural source of energy and is tremendously abundant. The concept of floating solar is to fulfil and to support the existing energy supply in order to enhance the human life. The floating solar exploits the massive availability of ocean region and the severe unavailability of land. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the potential of floating solar to be deployed in coastal or infield in Malaysia. It was predicted that such system could generate around 14,530 MWh per annum in Malaysia. It can be concluded that floating solar could be one of the most important ocean structures in the future because it is reliable, flexible and has virtually low cost production comparing with other ocean structures</span>

Electrodeposition of Ni3Se2/MoSex as a bifunctional electrocatalyst towards highly-efficient overall water splitting

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (45) ◽  
pp. 23125-23133
Author(s):  
Yifan Tian ◽  
Xinying Xue ◽  
Yu Gu ◽  
Zhaoxi Yang ◽  
Guo Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Bifunctional Electrocatalyst ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Overall Water Splitting ◽  
Splitting Water

Electrochemically splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen plays a significant role in the commercialization of hydrogen energy as well as fuel cells, but it remains a challenge to design and fabricate low-cost and high-efficiency electrocatalysts.

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