Income and the Foundations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Davis ◽  
Elena L. Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Income Effects ◽  
Food And Nutrition

Chapter 3 introduces the four foundational building blocks of consumer choice economics in a food and nutrition context, with a focus on income effects. These foundational building blocks are used throughout the book. To solidify concepts, the chapter focuses the discussion here on the very simple case of determining the quantity to consume of one food and one nutrient as income changes. The chapter considers possible changes in food consumption induced by a change in income relative to a nutrient or food recommendation level.

scholarly journals Determinants of Ready-to-eat Products Purchase Intentions: An Empirical Study among the Italian Consumers

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 656-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Sgroi ◽  
Fabrizio Piraino ◽  
Enrica Donia
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Consumer Decisions ◽  
The City

The considerable diffusion of ready-to-eat products has focused attention on the reasons for their increasingly prominent success in the market. Although their prices are much higher than the prices of simple raw materials, their consumption has increased rapidly and with no end in sight, a situation that has challenged the conclusions of the classical literature on the importance of price and/or income in consumer decisions. In fact, more recent literature has broadened the classical vision by introducing potential additional variables that could influence consumer choice of certain foods. These variables, however, are not always easy and clear to identify because they reflect the cultural characteristics of a society. For this reason, the French scholar Malassis has introduced the concept of a model of food consumption, which, in fact, stems from a concept of food consumption as driven by factors that are not the same for all the societies that might be studied. Among these variables, regarding the consumption of ready-to-eat products, a factor that certainly acts as a driving force in an increasingly frenetic and dynamic society is the time saving that they are able to provide. Thus, it was considered essential to analyze this in a concrete way, through the variance analysis of a sample of 77 subjects resident in the city of Palermo, noting their characteristics in terms of age, education level, and number of nuclear family members. The results obtained indicate that subjects who consumed ready-to-eat products at a higher frequency belonged to a higher age group, had a higher level of education, and belonged to a family that was not particularly numerous. With these results, it can be stated that the consumption of ready-to-eat products is influenced by people’s need to optimize their available time, considered as a real, scarce resource.

Food and Nutrition Security in Rural Bihar: Dimensions and Determinants

Social Change ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-419
Author(s):  
Swati Dutta ◽  
Sunil Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Food And Nutrition Security ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Food And Nutrition

The level of food diversity in any household is an indicator of its healthy dietary habits. It depends on demographic and socio-economic conditions, geographic location, consumption habits and expenditure, cultural practices, income, food prices and the availability, access and utilisation of food. Against this backdrop, our study analyses the pattern of food consumption, dietary diversity, food frequency and the Recommended Dietary Allowance in 12 villages located in 6 districts of Bihar to understand the socio-economic determinants of a household’s food security. The results show that the diversity of food consumption is mainly dependent on the consumption of cereals across various socio-economic classes. Our analysis also emphasises the importance of schemes like the Public Distribution System which has a positive influence on food security outcomes of a household. The logistic regression results show that if the household belongs to the richest consumption class, with better education levels and more salaried members, then the probability of better food and nutrition security is high. In contrast, the low social status of a household, especially those from a Scheduled Caste background, will reveal reduced household food security.

Food Consumption Pattern and Dietary Diversity in Nepal: Implications for Nutrition Security

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjani Kumar ◽  
Praduman Kumar ◽  
P. K. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Nutritional Outcome ◽  
Food And Nutrition Security ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Food Consumption Pattern

This article examines the status, progress and challenges of managing food and nutrition security in Nepal, one of the least developed countries, by using data from the national living standards surveys conducted jointly by Government of Nepal and World Bank. Nepal, like many other developing countries, is struggling to ensure food and nutrition security. This study analyses the dimensions of food security in terms of availability, access and utilization (nutritional outcome). The analysis shows that the trends in food consumption pattern and nutritional intake have changed significantly overtime. The diversity in dietary pattern has become more apparent over time and the dietary diversity depicts a positive impact on nutritional outcome.

scholarly journals The climatic impact of food consumption in a representative sample of Irish adults and implications for food and nutrition policy

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 726-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Hyland ◽  
Maeve Henchion ◽  
Mary McCarthy ◽  
Sinéad N McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Nutrition Policy ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Climatic Impact ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Food Consumption Data

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) associated with the diet of Irish adults.DesignGHGE were estimated by applying conversion factors to habitual food consumption data taken from the National Adult Nutrition Survey, which was representative of the population. Descriptive analyses were undertaken for GHGE for the total population, as well as accounting for energy misreporting and across categories of sociodemographic and socio-economic factors and tertiles of emissions.SettingRepublic of Ireland.SubjectsAdults aged 18–87 years (n1500).ResultsThe GHGE derived from daily dietary intakes was estimated as 6·5 kg of CO2equivalents (CO2eq) per person. Males, younger consumers, those with secondary education and student employment status were associated with significantly higher GHGE. Red meat was the highest contributor to GHGE with 1646 g CO2eq arising from a mean intake of 47 g/d. Dairy and starchy staples were the next largest dietary GHGE sources, with mean daily emissions of 732 g CO2eq and 647 g CO2eq, respectively. The lowest emissions were associated with consumption of vegetables, fruits and legumes/pulses/nuts.ConclusionsBased on profiling using actual food consumption data, it is evident that one single measure is not sufficient and a range of evidence-based mitigation measures with potential to lower emissions throughout the food chain should be considered. The research contributes towards an improved understanding of the climatic impact of the dietary intakes of Irish adults and can serve to inform a sustainability framework to guide action in food and nutrition policy development.

Beyond Macroeconomics of Food and Nutrition Security

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion Raluca Andreea
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Food And Nutrition Security ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
The People ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition

This article aims to highlight what macroeconomics hides beyond the statistical data in respect to food and nutrition security in Romania, in the attempt to answer the question whether both food security and nutrition security have been achieved. The need of pursuing such an issue has emerged from the fact that we know too little about nutrition security, although there is a strong evidence base providing reliable information on food security. The main findings reveal that hardly all the people have economic access to safe, sufficient, nutritious food, that 15.3 percent live on less than $2.9 a day, while the average food consumption fits into a budget of $3.28 a day. People earning $2.9 a day have limited dietary choices; consequently, special scenarios for their diets have been worked out. The relevance of this article lies in its capacity to bring a clearer understanding of the links between food security and nutrition and to emphasize, in the end, that nutrition is a significant driver of food security.

scholarly journals Asymmetry of Visual Perception When Choosing Products: Methods and Algorithms of Neuromarketing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Gender Groups

Consumer behavior is a complex and multi-step process. It is necessary to study consumer choice with different alternatives and choice parameters, which will allow us to identify behavioral characteristics in different demographic groups. The article deals with theoretical and practical issues of consumer behavior when choosing food. The article uses classical marketing methods and neuromarketing approaches. Based on this comprehensive approach, an assessment of the structure of food consumption was carried out, as well as a pilot study of the characteristics of consumer choice depending on gender characteristics.The study of statistical data showed that the decline in real incomes of the population in Russia affected the structure of food consumption. There is a decrease in the volume of demand for meat, vegetables, and fruits, which is associated with a decrease in the population's ability to pay and an increase in the level of poverty.Gender characteristics in the consumer's preferred and actually purchased products were identified using the neuromarketing research methodology. Thus, it was determined that the speed of decision-making when choosing products is higher for women than for men, since women are more frequent buyers. The high speed of decision-making by women is most likely a result of emotional choice of products. Using visual advertising signals can increase attention to incentives and increase motivation. It was also found that in the absence of external restrictions: the number of products chosen and sufficient financial resources, women consumers are strongly influenced by internal restrictions, but men tend to take risks. Women try to be Thrifty, choosing a standard set of products that make up their diet, men in conditions of unlimited financial resources tend to buy expensive goods without thinking about the costs. The study of consumer choice between those products that were visually noticed and those that were selected as a result of the survey showed that there is a significant asymmetry between what is desired and what is chosen. To assess the level of asymmetry of visual attention, we proposed a method for assessing the asymmetry of consumer preferences, the use of which allows us to assess the gap between the desired and purchased goods. Based on the coefficient of asymmetry of consumer preferences, it is possible to assess the level of consumer imbalance and timely prevent social and economic dissatisfaction in different gender groups. The possibility of changing consumer choice under the influence of various stimulating factors is proved. The results obtained can be used in the practical activities of food retailers and food manufacturers when promoting their products with gender differences in mind. The results also need to be taken into account when developing government strategies for developing the food market and supporting healthy lifestyles and changing consumer culture.

Food and Nutrition Security at Risk in Later Life: Evidence from the United Kingdom Expenditure & Food Survey

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRIS DEEMING
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Food And Nutrition Security ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Food And Nutrition

AbstractSecuring adequate food and nutrition is essential for the maintenance of our health and function in society. This article examines the household characteristics associated with food and nutrition security in the United Kingdom population aged 60 years and over. Data are taken from the Expenditure and Food Survey, a continuous cross-sectional survey of household expenditure, food consumption and income. Survey data for 2002–05 provided a total sample of 5,600 households. Household food consumption is evaluated using national Dietary Reference Values recommended by the Department of Health. A multivariate logistic regression model examines the risk of being food and nutrition insecure by individual and household characteristics. The results suggest that certain sections of the older population are significantly more at risk of food insecurity than others: low-income households, the oldest-old, elderly from black and minority ethnic groups, those with a disability and men living alone. Influencing nutrition of elderly people in the home is complex and poses a major challenge to social policy. Coordinated activity at national and local levels will be required to help ensure that some of the most vulnerable members of society achieve healthy balanced diets.

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