What’s Good for Us is Good for You

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Shadlen
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Patent System ◽  
The Political ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Pharmaceutical Patent ◽  
Good For

This chapter analyses the political economy of continuity in Mexico. High levels of patenting and accentuated transnational dominance of the pharmaceutical industry, both functions of the choices of the 1990s, created an environment that was inhospitable to efforts to reform the new pharmaceutical patent system. The chapter examines a set of revisions to the new pharmaceutical patent regime in the 2000s, all of which were resolved to the benefit of patent-holders seeking greater rights of exclusion. The analysis demonstrates that persistent over-compliance was not because of Mexico’s obligations under NAFTA, but rather despite the opportunities for tailoring that were allowed by this agreement. Within-case comparative analysis offered by these case studies provides variation on the preferences of health officials in the Mexican Executive, the interests and strategies of the local pharmaceutical sector, Mexico’s sensitivity to external pressures, yet the outcomes were similar, as a result of Mexico’s changed social structure.

The Defensive Coalition on the Offensive

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Shadlen
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Patent System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Pharmaceutical Patents ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Pharmaceutical Patent ◽  
Local Sector ◽  
Executive Agency ◽  
Made In

This chapter analyses the political economy of continuity in Argentina’s minimalist response to the new global order in intellectual property. The choices made in the 1990s facilitated Argentina’s largest drug firms’ adjustment to the eventual introduction of drug patenting. Accumulated resources allowed the local sector to shape the Argentinean patent system in the 2000s, as the focal point of conflict moved from how to introduce pharmaceutical patents to how the patent system functions. Argentina continued to buck external pressures for over-compliance, and the patent office’s procedures for examining pharmaceutical patent applications underwent changes too. Argentina’s local firms worked closely with the Executive to secure these outcomes. The chapter also considers the downside of extensive producer power, and the limitations of Executive agency, by considering the Health Ministry’s inability to reform other aspects of the pharmaceutical market against the wishes of the local sector.

Writing Politics: Ottoman Governmentality and the Language of Reports

2018 ◽  
pp. 116-145
Author(s):  
M. Safa Saraçoglu
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
The State ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
The Political ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Provincial Capital ◽  
False Accusations

This chapter focuses on the official correspondence between Vidin’s administrative council and the provincial capital, Ruse. These reports pertaining to events in Vidin County were a part of the political procedures of the local judicio-administrative sphere. As such, politics of local administration influenced the official correspondence and our understanding of the events in Vidin County. The writing of reports and petitions and other provincial administrative/judicial practices (such as interrogations) constituted a significant part of Ottoman governmentality. Those who could shape how the official correspondence was constructed gained advantage in local political economy. Such correspondence was an essential component of how provincial Ottoman government functioned; therefore, reports, petitions, false accusations, and interrogations became important tools for agents and groups who were engaged in hegemonic negotiations. Both elite and non-elite agents were able to utilize Ottoman governance to pursue their own strategies against other local agents or imperial government. People who refused to use these bureaucratic tools in making claims and negotiating were presented in this correspondence as defiant stubborn and violent. This perspective is critical of the state–society divide, as the case studies reveal a more complex singular government of state and society.

scholarly journals The political economy of universal health coverage: a systematic narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Shahiq Rizvi ◽  
Rundell Douglas ◽  
Owain D Williams ◽  
Peter S Hill
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
The Political ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
National Ownership ◽  
Specific Interests ◽  
Political Framing ◽  
Universal Health

Abstract The uptake and implementation of universal health coverage (UHC) is primarily a political, rather than a technical, exercise, with contested ideas and diverse stakeholders capable of facilitation or resistance—even veto—of the policy uptake. This narrative systematic review, undertaken in 2018, sought to identify all peer-reviewed publications dealing with concepts relating to UHC through a political economy framing. Of the 627 papers originally identified, 55 papers were directly relevant, with an additional eight papers added manually on referral from colleagues. The thematic analysis adapted Fox and Reich’s framework of ideas and ideologies, interests and institutions to organize the analysis. The results identified a literature strong in its exploration of the ideologies and ideas that underpin UHC, but with an apparent bias in authorship towards more rights-based, left-leaning perspectives. Despite this, political economy analyses of country case studies suggested a more diverse political framing for UHC, with the interests and institutions engaged in implementation drawing on pragmatic and market-based mechanisms to achieve outcomes. Case studies offered limited detail on the role played by specific interests, though the influence of global development trends was evident, as was the role of donor organizations. Most country case studies, however, framed the development of UHC within a narrative of national ownership, with steps in implementation often critical political milestones. The development of institutions for UHC implementation was predicated largely on available infrastructure, with elements of that infrastructure—federal systems, user fees, pre-existing insurance schemes—needing to be accommodated in the incremental progress towards UHC. The need for technical competence to deliver ideological promises was underlined. The review concludes that, despite the disparate sources for the analyses, there is an emerging shared narrative in the growing literature around the political economy of UHC that offers an increasing awareness of the political dimensions to UHC uptake and implementation.

Equilibrium and Historical- Structural Perspectives on Migration

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Labor Mobility ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Alternative Approach

The equilibrium model of labor mobility and the historical-structural perspective on population movement are summarized and critiqued. A comparative analysis identifies the sources of the growing discontinuity in the contemporary literature on migration by exploring the theoretical and methodological implications of the contrasting paradigms of socioeconomic development in which each perspective is embedded. The last section outlines an alternative approach to the study of migration by shifting the unit of analysis to the household. It is argued that the analysis household sustenance strategies, interpreted within the political economy of which the household is a part, provides the basis for integrating structural and behavioral perspectives on the study of population movement.

Labour market policies in the era of European pervasive austerity: a review

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotiria Theodoropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Change ◽  
Labour Market Policies ◽  
Recent Policy ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter introduces the questions that the book addresses. It explains the rationale and motivation of the book with reference to the existing literature on welfare state change and the political economy thereof, as well as within the context of recent policy developments. It then justifies the empirical approach and explains in more detail the rationale behind the selection of national case studies.

The Political Economy of Gutswirtschaft: A Comparative Analysis of East Elbian Germany, Egypt, and Chile

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Richards
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Political ◽  
Central Chile

In many otherwise diverse societies, owners of large agricultural estates have paid their year-round workers with the use of a piece of land on which to produce their own subsistence crops. In a “preliminary report” Magnus Morner cited some eleven examples of this system in Europe, Latin America, and Africa. Although Mörner mentions different influences, he does not advance an argument to explain these systems. This essay seeks to contribute to our understanding of the political economy of these “labor rent” or “estate labor” systems. The paper is exploratory: previous approaches are considered, a theoretical framework is proposed, and some tentative hypotheses are presented. My evidence comes from three examples: the Insten system of East Elbian Germany from ca. 1750 to ca. 1860; the ‘izbah system of the Egyptian Delta from ca. 1850 to ca. 1940; and the pre-1930 inquilinaje system of Central Chile.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document