Personality and Social Psychology

2018 ◽  
pp. xvi-8
Author(s):  
Mark Snyder ◽  
Kay Deaux
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
The State ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Psychological Events ◽  
Fundamental Proposition

Lewin’s fundamental proposition that psychological events depend on the person and on the environment, although their relative importance may vary, launched the first edition of the Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology. The bridges between personality and social psychology are continued and expanded in this edition. This chapter presents the rationale for interactionist perspectives spanning personality and social psychology. The ways this rationale has evolved and research has developed in the years that have intervened since the first edition are noted. Previewed are the ways in which the handbook contributors explore the historical, conceptual, methodological, and empirical foundations for, and the theoretical and practical benefits of, such bridges across a broad range of domains of individual and social functioning. These explorations provide new and rich understandings that promise to advance the state of personality, social psychology, and their integration.

Personality and Social Psychology

2012 ◽  
pp. 2-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Snyder ◽  
Kay Deaux
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
The State ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Fundamental Proposition

Building on Lewin’s fundamental proposition that “Every psychological event depends upon the state of the person and at the same time on the environment, although their relative importance is different in different cases” (B = f [P, E]; Lewin, 1936, p. 12), this Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology develops the bridges between personality and social psychology. In this opening chapter of the Handbook, we lay out the rationale for and the benefits of interactionist perspectives that span the perspectives of personality and social psychology. In addition, we preview the ways in which the contributors to this Handbook explore the historical, conceptual, methodological, and empirical foundations for such bridges across a broad range of domains of individual and social functioning. From these explorations, we gain new and rich understandings that promise to advance the state of personality, social psychology, and their integration.

Major construction risk factors considered by general contractors in Qatar

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz M. Jarkas ◽  
Theodore C. Haupt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The State ◽  
Risk Allocation ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Construction Risk ◽  
General Contractors

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify, explore, rank the relative importance and determine the prevalent allocation response trends of the major construction risk factors considered by general contractors operating in the State of Qatar. Design/methodology/approach – A structured questionnaire survey comprising 37 potential risk factors was distributed to a statistically representative sample of contractors. The influence ranks of the factors explored were determined using the “Relative Importance Index (RII)” technique, whereas the prevalent trend of contractors’ attitudes toward risk allocation of each factor investigated was quantified and expressed as a percentage, based on the number of respondents who selected a specific option, in relation to the total number of respondents. Findings – The results obtained indicate that risks related to the “client” group are perceived as most critical, followed by the “consultant”, “contractor” and “exogenous” group-related factors, respectively. The outcomes further show that the “transfer” option is the contractors’ prevalent response to “client” and “consultant”-related risks, while the “retention” decision is the principal pattern linked to “contractor” and “exogenous” group-related risk factors. Research limitations/implications – The dominant respondents’ perception that the crucial construction risks are related to clients and consultants suggests that these two parties have an essential role in controlling the negative ramifications of the associated factors. Practical implications – The findings suggest that increasing designers’ awareness of the significant effect of applying the constructability concept can considerably help reducing the risks concomitant of the construction operation. Policy makers may contribute, moreover, in alleviating the risk of incompetent technical staff and operatives’ employment by controlling the migration of inexperienced and unskilled construction workforce into the State. Originality/value – Given the knowledge gap for the major construction risk factors considered by general contractors in Qatar, the results reported in this study can provide clients, industry practitioners and policy makers with guidance to effectively manage the significant risks determined, which can further assist in achieving a reasonable level of competitiveness and cost-effective operation.

Law and psychoanalysis: close intertwining between Hans Kelsen and Sigmund Freud

KPGT_dlutz_1 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-35
Author(s):  
Ricardo Borrmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
The State ◽  
Pure Theory ◽  
Original Analysis ◽  
Hans Kelsen ◽  
Personal Context ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
New Hypothesis

This paper offers an original analysis of the interconnections between law and psychoanalysis through the personal and academic exchanges between Hans Kelsen (1881-1973) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939). After a brief analysis of the similar cultural background of both scholars as Jews who grew up in fin-de-siècle Vienna, the text focuses on the personal encounters between them and subsequently analyzes Kelsen's reception of Freud's work in “The State-Concept and Social-Psychology” (Der Begriff des Staates und die Sozialpsychologie). Kelsen’s text was originally published in 1922 in Freud’s review, Imago, resulting from a conference he held at the Viennese Psychoanalytical Society. This paper analyzes the relevance of Freud’s theory to the construction of the Pure Theory of Law, especially regarding his concept of the state. Furthermore, it presents a new hypothesis for the subjective reasons behind Kelsen’s attraction to psychoanalysis, and for his admiration of Freud, which it tries to understand through the personal context of Kelsen’s life. Finally, it deals with the possible influence of Kelsen on Freud's work, especially with regards to the term "Super-Ego."

Eco-Labels: Modeling the Consumer Side

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-207
Author(s):  
Klaas van 't Veld
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Private Benefits ◽  
Public Benefits ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Private And Public

The theoretical literature analyzing eco-label programs has focused mainly on how intricate interactions between firms, eco-label certifiers, and regulators shape these programs’ economic and environmental outcomes. Far less attention has been paid to the consumer side, which has typically been modeled very simply. Meanwhile, empirical researchers in behavioral economics, social psychology, and market research have accumulated a large body of empirical evidence that paints a rich, complex picture of that consumer. In this review, I survey a range of these empirical findings, as well as attempts by theorists to incorporate them in their models. The survey is organized around three themes: ( a) varieties of consumer ignorance, ( b) context dependence of consumer motivations, and ( c) motivational spillover effects across time and people. I also touch on the relative importance of private and public benefits of eco-label programs and on the debate over whether the private benefits should even be counted in welfare.

Time to Come Clean

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Jürgen Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
The State ◽  
Skilled Worker ◽  
East Berlin ◽  
East German ◽  
To Come ◽  
The University

The text passages below are from an unpublished book by the East Berlin writer Jürgen Fuchs. Fuchs, born in 1950, belongs to the circle of Wolf Biermann and Robert Havemann. He left school in 1969 and was trained as a skilled worker on the East German Railways. After his service with the National People's Army he studied social psychology in Jena. His writings first appeared in collections and periodicals in 1973. In April 1975, after a public reading of some of his works, he was expelled from the Party, expelled from the University a few days before the conclusion of his course, and branded a ‘counter-revolutionary’ and ‘slanderer of the State’. On 19 November 1976, having signed a letter of protest against Biermann's expatriation, he was arrested. The passages below, from Fuchs' book Aide-Memoire, were published in Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung in November 1976.

The State of Social Psychology: Issues, Themes, and Controversies

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Lori L. Roush ◽  
Mark R. Leary
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
The State

Prominent demotivational factors influencing the productivity of construction project managers in Qatar

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1070-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz M. Jarkas ◽  
Milan Radosavljevic ◽  
Liu Wuyi
Keyword(s):  
Construction Project ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
The State ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – An extensive search of the literature revealed a dearth of research on the demotivational factors affecting the performance and productivity level of site-based construction project managers. Following the announcement of awarding the FIFA 2022 World Cup hosting rights to the State of Qatar, the State is pledging to spend tens of Billions of Dollars on hundreds of new construction projects. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify, explore, and rank the relative importance of the demotivational factors influencing the productivity of the State's construction management force. Design/methodology/approach – A structured questionnaire survey comprising 38 potential demotivational factors, which were shortlisted based on relevant previous studies on the impact of motivation on construction productivity, and numerous interviews with local industry professionals, was distributed to a relatively large sample of site-resident project managers. Using the “Relative Importance Index” technique, the influence ranks of the factors explored were determined. Findings – The results obtained reveal the following as the prominent demotivational factors influencing the productivity of construction project managers: lack of financial incentive schemes; slow decision-making process by owners; remuneration scale; delay in responding to Requests For Information (RFI); shortage of skilled labour force; shortage of materials; clarity and completeness of technical specifications; frequent changing orders during execution; drawings quality level; and rework. Research limitations/implications – It is clear, based on the outcomes, that the cultural background of individuals, and the prevalent practices within the environment in which they operate, are two critical factors in determining their motivation drivers. Hence, it is prudent to explore the dominant culture and values of the management workforce, in addition to the characteristics of the working environment, before trying to apply relevant motivational theories, or even implement new management strategies. Practical implications – The results demonstrate that, within the geographical setting and cultural aspects of the sample surveyed, “tributes” and “pecuniary” may be interpreted to have the largest effect on the productivity of construction project managers. Originality/value – The findings not only contribute to the overall body of knowledge related to the effect of the motivation phenomenon on the productivity of the construction operation, but can also be used to provide industry practitioners with guidance for focusing, acting upon, and controlling the significant demotivational factors affecting the efficiency of the construction project management force practicing in State.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document