Do cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression mediate the effect of emotion motives on mood outcomes?

Expressive Suppression ◽

<p>The present investigation was designed to assess whether the emotion regulation strategies of expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal would mediate the relationships between emotion motives (trying to experience and trying to avoid experiencing positive and negative emotions) and mood outcomes (subjective happiness and depressive symptoms). A sample of 257 first-year psychology students completed questionnaires on emotion regulation and levels of subjective happiness and depressive symptom levels in a concurrent study. As predicted, trying to experience positive emotions positively predicted use of cognitive reappraisal, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of subjective happiness and lower levels of depressive symptoms and trying to avoid experiencing negative emotions positively predicted use of expressive suppression, which, in turn, predicted greater levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of subjective happiness. In one other mediational pathway, the motive of trying to experience negative emotions positively predicted use of expressive suppression, which was associated with lower levels of subjective happiness and greater levels of depressive symptoms. These results add to the existing emotion regulation research literature by shedding light on what motivates the use of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. In sum, individuals’ hedonic motives encouraged adaptive emotion regulation efforts, whereas, individuals’ contra-hedonic motives encouraged the use of maladaptive emotion regulation efforts. These findings will be of assistance to clinicians in the development of interventions to improve emotion regulation problems in clients.</p>

Do cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression mediate the effect of emotion motives on mood outcomes?

10.26686/wgtn.16735387.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Joanna Hooper

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Research Literature ◽

Subjective Happiness ◽

Expressive Suppression ◽

Feel, think, teach – Emotional Underpinnings of Approaches to Teaching in Higher Education

International Journal of Higher Education ◽

10.5430/ijhe.v6n1p217 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 217 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Robert Kordts-Freudinger

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Approaches To Teaching ◽

Regulation Strategies ◽

Approach To Teaching ◽

Oriented Approach

The paper investigates relations between higher education teachers’ approaches to teaching and their emotions during teaching, as well as their emotion regulation strategies. Based on the assumption that the approaches hinge on emotional experiences with higher education teaching and learning, three studies assessed teachers’ emotions, their emotion regulation strategies and their approaches to teaching with questionnaires. Study 1, with n = 145 German university teachers and teaching assistants, found relations between positive emotions and the student-oriented approach to teaching, but not with negative emotions. In addition, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression were related to the student-oriented approach. Study 2, with n = 198 German teachers, replicated these findings and, in addition, found relations between perspective taking, empathic concern and personal distress, and the student-oriented approach. Study 3, with n = 76 Australian and New Zealand teachers, again replicated and extended the findings by establishing a relation between negative emotions and the content-oriented approach to teaching. The results of all studies together indicate a significant emotional component of the approaches to teaching. Positive emotions are not only directly related to the student-oriented approach, but also partially mediate the relation between cognitive reappraisal and the student-oriented approach. This link seems to generalize to emotional components of empathy. In addition, the cultural-educational context seems to moderate the relations between negative emotions and the content-oriented approach to teaching. Limitations and directions for future research and educational practice are discussed.

Do Individual Differences in Emotion Regulation Mediate the Relationship Between Mental Toughness and Symptoms of Depression?

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000224 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 71-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Julian Mutz ◽

Peter Clough ◽

Kostas A. Papageorgiou

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Mental Toughness ◽

Future Research ◽

Expressive Suppression ◽

Work Settings ◽

Regulation Strategies ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. Mental Toughness (MT) provides crucial psychological capacities for achievement in sports, education, and work settings. Previous research examined the role of MT in the domain of mental health and showed that MT is negatively associated with and predictive of fewer depressive symptoms in nonclinical populations. The present study aimed at (1) investigating to what extent mentally tough individuals use two emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression; (2) exploring whether individual differences in emotion regulation strategy use mediate the relationship between MT and depressive symptoms. Three hundred sixty-four participants (M = 24.31 years, SD = 9.16) provided self-reports of their levels of MT, depressive symptoms, and their habitual use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between MT and two commonly used measures of depressive symptoms. A small statistically significant positive correlation between MT and the habitual use of cognitive reappraisal was also observed. The correlation between MT and the habitual use of expressive suppression was statistically significant, but the size of the effect was small. A statistical mediation model indicated that individual differences in the habitual use of expressive suppression mediate the relationship between MT and depressive symptoms. No such effect was found for the habitual use of cognitive reappraisal. Implications of these findings and possible avenues for future research are discussed.

Positive and Negative Emotion Goals in Psychopathology

The Oxford Handbook of Positive Emotion and Psychopathology ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190653200.013.4 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 36-49

Author(s):

Yael Millgram ◽

Maya Tamir

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Research And Practice ◽

New Ideas ◽

Some forms of psychopathology involve deficits in emotion regulation. Whereas prior research has focused on identifying maladaptive emotion regulation strategies among people who are diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, this research focuses on identifying maladaptive emotion regulation goals. This chapter discusses preferences for sadness and happiness in clinical depression, a disorder characterized by the prevalence of negative emotions and the paucity of positive emotions. The chapter reviews empirical evidence suggesting that depressed individuals are more likely to direct emotion regulation toward increasing negative emotions rather than decreasing them. Next explored are possible maladaptive emotion regulation goals in other psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder. Finally discussed are the implications of these new ideas for research and practice in psychopathology.

Effects of a brief interpersonal conflict cognitive reappraisal intervention on improvements in access to emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms in college students

Psychology and Health ◽

10.1080/08870446.2019.1711090 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (10) ◽

pp. 1207-1227

Author(s):

Lindsey M. Rodriguez ◽

Katherine D. M. Lee ◽

James Onufrak ◽

Jaclyn B. Dell ◽

Michelle Quist ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Interpersonal Conflict ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

The Influence of Daily Events on Emotion Regulation and Well-Being in Daily Life

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0146167220980882 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014616722098088

Author(s):

David B. Newman ◽

John B. Nezlek

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Daily Life ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Well Being ◽

Total N ◽

Daily Events ◽

Regulation Strategies ◽

Positive And Negative Emotions

We examined within-person relationships among daily events, emotion regulation strategies, and well-being in daily life. Each day for 2 to 3 weeks, participants in two studies (total N = 445) reported the extent to which they reappraised and suppressed their positive and negative emotions, the types of events they experienced, and their well-being. Using multilevel modeling, we found that the extent to which people reappraised positive and negative emotions and suppressed negative emotions was positively related to the number/importance of daily positive events, whereas the suppression of positive emotions was negatively related. Furthermore, the positive relationships between well-being and reappraisal of positive and negative emotions and the suppression of negative emotions were stronger as the number of negative events increased. These results demonstrate that most emotion regulation strategies are employed when the day is going well but are most beneficial for people’s well-being when the day is not going well.

For Body and Mind: Practicing Yoga and Emotion Regulation

Social Psychological Bulletin ◽

10.5964/spb.v13i1.25502 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. e25502 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dorota Kobylińska ◽

Karol Lewczuk ◽

Marta Marchlewska ◽

Aneta Pietraszek

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Big Five ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Yoga Practice ◽

Expressive Suppression ◽

Big Five Model ◽

Regulation Strategies ◽

Low Levels

The purpose of the present study was to examine if the length of yoga training may influence the use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression (as emotion regulation strategies) and whether this relationship may be moderated by personality traits. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that the link between the length of yoga practice and emotion regulation can rely most heavily on participants’ conscientiousness and extraversion levels. Ninety women in two groups participated in the study: those who have been practicing yoga for over a year and those who have been practicing for a shorter period of time. An Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was applied to measure the use the strategies of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Moreover, personality traits, based on the Big Five model were assessed. The results of the study provided support for our prediction: participants who engaged in yoga practice for a longer period of time (as compared to participants who practiced yoga for a shorter duration), reported using cognitive reappraisal more often. Furthermore, longer yoga practice was more beneficial than shorter practice especially for individuals with low levels of conscientiousness and extraversion. Thus, extraversion and conscientiousness seem to facilitate the process of drawing benefits from practicing yoga.

Individual differences in emotion regulation and face recognition

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0243209 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0243209

Author(s):

Ahmed M. Megreya ◽

Robert D. Latzman

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Face Recognition ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

False Positives ◽

Expressive Suppression ◽

Face Memory ◽

Face Matching ◽

Face recognition ability is highly variable among neurologically intact populations. Across three experiments, this study examined for the first time associations between individual differences in a range of adaptive versus maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and face recognition. Using an immediate face-memory paradigm, in which observers had to identify a self-paced learned unfamiliar face from a 10-face target-present/ target-absent line-up, Experiment 1 (N = 42) found high levels of expressive suppression (the ongoing efforts to inhibit emotion-expressive behaviors), but not cognitive reappraisal (the cognitive re-evaluation of emotional events to change their emotional consequences), were associated with a lower level of overall face-memory accuracy and higher rates of misidentifications and false positives. Experiment 2 (N = 53) replicated these finding using a range of face-matching tasks, where observers were asked to match pairs of same-race or different-race face images taken on the same day or during different times. Once again, high levels of expressive suppression were associated with a lower level of overall face-matching performance and higher rates of false positives, but cognitive reappraisal did not correlate with any face-matching measure. Finally, Experiment 3 (N = 52) revealed that the higher use of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, especially catastrophizing, was associated with lower levels of overall face-matching performances and higher rates of false positives. All told, the current research provides new evidence concerning the important associations between emotion and cognition.

An Exploratory Study of Self-Consciousness and Emotion-Regulation Strategies in Health Care Workers

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/20.16.pr0.115c17z4 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. 106-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marie Andela ◽

Laurent Auzoult ◽

Didier Truchot

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Internal State ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Expressive Suppression ◽

Care Workers ◽

Internal States ◽

Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽

Regulation Strategies ◽

Public Self Consciousness

The goal of this study was to assess relations between public self-consciousness, private self-consciousness (self-reflectiveness and internal state awareness), and two emotion-regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. 59 employees of a public hospital completed a survey. Public self-consciousness was not associated with either emotion-regulation strategy, while both dimensions of private self-consciousness were related to the strategies. While self-reflectiveness was correlated with expressive suppression, internal states awareness was associated with cognitive reappraisal.

One Size Does Not Fit All: Tailoring Cognitive Reappraisal to Different Emotions

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0146167219861432 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 469-484

Author(s):

Allon Vishkin ◽

Yossi Hasson ◽

Yael Millgram ◽

Maya Tamir

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Cognitive Reappraisal ◽

Efficacy Study ◽

Perceived Efficacy ◽

Specific Emotion ◽

Emotion regulation strategies have been typically studied independently of the specific emotions people try to change by using them. However, to the extent that negative emotions are inherently different from one another, people may choose different means to change them. Focusing on fear and sadness, we first mapped emotion-related content to theoretically matched reappraisal tactics. We then tested how frequently people choose such reappraisal tactics when regulating fear and sadness (Studies 1, 2, and 4a). As predicted, people were most likely to select reappraisal tactics that targeted content that was particularly relevant to the specific emotion they tried to regulate. Next, we tested whether such choices were driven by differences in the efficacy (Study 3), perceived efficacy (Study 4b), and anticipated effort (Study 4c) of regulation. Our findings demonstrate that the means people select to regulate their emotions depend on which emotions they try to regulate.