Engineering Perspective of Tornadoes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishor C. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Building Design ◽  
Life Safety ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Subsequent Response

This chapter is an introduction to tornado storms from an engineering perspective. The material included here relates to warnings and subsequent response by people, the chance of tornado hazard at a location, tornado–structure interaction, and building design for tornadoes for life safety. Other chapters in this handbook, referenced here, give details on interrelated subjects, in this chapter, reader will gain an overview of the available knowledge on tornadoes from an engineering perspective. Other chapters of this handbook and the references at the end of this chapter can provide in-depth understanding of engineering other aspects of tornado.

scholarly journals Application of Direct Displacement Based Design of Reinforced Concrete Frames Subjected to Earthquake Loads

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 5153-5160
Keyword(s):  
Response Spectrum ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Time History ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Life Safety ◽  
Nonlinear Time History Analysis ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
Collapse Prevention ◽  
Direct Displacement Based Design ◽  
Displacement Based

Numerous studies are reported in literature on performance evaluation and rehabilitation of building however, limited studies are reported on performance based design of new buildings. Displacement based design procedure is a new method which is not available in Indian building design codes. An effort has been done to investigate the Direct Displacement Based Design (DDBD) for four, eight and twelve story regular RC frame buildings proposed by Priestley et al, using Indian code Response Spectrum for Zone V which is considered as a very high intensity seismic risk zone for life safety and collapse prevention performance levels. Nonlinear time history analysis is carried out for available ground motion and compared with the performance levels (in terms of drift, displacement). Observations show that design displacement reduction factor should be different for life safety and collapse prevention levels. The effective damping increases as the height of the building increases and is higher for collapse prevention.

Performance based design of buildings to assess damage and downtime and implement a rating system

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Mayes ◽  
Nicholas Wetzel ◽  
Ben Weaver ◽  
Ken Tam ◽  
Will Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Repair Time ◽  
Life Safety ◽  
Performance Standard ◽  
Repair Cost ◽  
Moment Frame ◽  
Braced Frame ◽  
Performance Based Seismic Design

The Christchurch earthquakes have highlighted the mismatch in expectations between the engineering profession and society regarding the seismic performance of buildings. While most modern buildings performed as expected, many buildings have been, or are to be, demolished. The ownership, occupancy, and societal costs of only targeting life-safety as the accepted performance standard for building design are now apparent in New Zealand. While the structural system has a significant effect on the seismic performance of the entire building, including the contents, it is only about 20% of the total building cost. Hence, structural engineers should view the seismic performance in a wider context, looking at all the systems of the building rather than just the damage to structural items and life-safety. The next generation of performance-based seismic design procedures, outlined in the FEMA P-58 document, provide engineers with the tools to express the seismic performance of the entire building in terms of the future life loss, facility repair cost and repair time. This paper will outline the FEMA P-58 procedure and present the results of a comparative study of six different structural systems for a three storey commercial and laboratory building: moment frame; buckling restrained braced frame; viscously damped moment frame; Pres-Lam timber coupled-walls; cast-in-place reinforced concrete shear wall; and base isolated braced frame. Each system was analysed as a fully non-linear structure and the calculated drifts and floor accelerations were input into the FEMA P-58 PACT tool to evaluate the overall building performance. The PACT tool performs loss calculations for the expected casualties, repair cost, and repair time from which a QuakeStar or SEAONC rating for the building can be obtained.

scholarly journals Seismic Behaviour of High-rise Frame-core Tube Structures Considering Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Zhang ◽  
Harry Far
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Soil Structure Interaction ◽  
Seismic Behaviour ◽  
Earthquake Excitation ◽  
Core Tube ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
High Rise

Abstract As the population grows and land prices rise, high-rise buildings are becoming more and more common and popular in urban cities. Traditional high-rise building design method generally assumes the structure is fixed at the base, because the influence of soil-structure interaction is considered to be beneficial to the response of structures under the earthquake excitation. However, recent earthquakes and studies indicated that SSI may exert detrimental effects on commonly used structural systems. In this study, a numerical soil-structure model is established in Abaqus software to explore the impacts of SSI on high-rise frame-core tube structures. The seismic response of frame-core tube structures with various structural heights, height-width ratios, foundation types and soil types is studied. The numerical simulation results including maximum lateral deflections, foundation rocking, inter-storey drifts and base shears of rigid and flexible base buildings are discussed and compared. The results reveal the lateral displacement and inter-storey drifts of the superstructure can be amplified when SSI is taking into account, while the base shears are not necessarily reduced. Increasing the stiffness of the foundation and the subsoil can generally increase the seismic demand of structures. It has been concluded that it is neither safe nor economical to consider only the beneficial effects of SSI or to ignore them in structural design practice.

THE EVOLUTION OF BUILDING DESIGN STANDARDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Denis Mykhaylovskyi ◽  
Bohdan Bondarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Building Design ◽  
Design Standards

The Design Medan Concert Hall with Metaphor Architecture Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Vinky Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Khairy Humaizy
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Traditional Music ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Support Design ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Sound Control ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
Big City ◽  
Design Ideas

The theater usually has an attractive form to attract the attention of visitors and also has good sound control in the auditorium so as not to cause sound distortion. Performances in Medan are still inadequate to accommodate international performances. Particularly in Medan, the enthusiasm of the community towards art tends to be high, but the facilities of the place lack to accommodate performances. Data collection methods are carried out by collecting primary data through a process of field comparative study and secondary data through literature studies & comparative studies. The design approach used in design studies are analyzing the physical, conditions around the site, potential, the limits that exist on the site, Site and environmental approaches are analysis of site conditions and the best solutions, the user approach is building analysis to meet the need for facilities and quality in accommodating the show, literature studies related to titles and themes and theories that support design ideas. The Metaphor is chosen as a truss design theme to convey the shape of building design by combining metaphorical forms of buildings and the prominence of the same metaphorical theme in the building to those who visit and see buildings to prevent sound distortions by using porous materials. Medan is a big city in Indonesia as a design area with consideration of a strategic location. It is expected that with the presence of this performance center, domestic and foreign tourists and especially Medan people themselves can enjoy the comfort and get to know traditional music and dance in Indonesia.

The 3rd Dimension of Innovation Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos CHANTZARAS
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Relational Models ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Innovation Research ◽  
Specific Skill ◽  
Innovation Processes

Architects understand and visualize organizations and processes differently from their counterparts in management disciplines. With the increasing complexities of markets and blurring of organizational boundaries, linear models of innovation processes are unable to account for the range of possible  interrelations and interdependencies. Design-led disciplines have become of interest in providing frames and ‘design’ structures for fostering innovation. Though it deals specifically with the conceptualization and realization of R&D and innovation centres, architecture has been largely overlooked in this regard. This paper explains how architects’ approach to reframing complexities, focussing on social interactions and shaping invisible patterns prior to building design offers new perspectives for innovation research. It critically reviews the changing context of innovation and relational models in the literature, and outlines the relevance of integrating spatial proximities and time for a constructive 3-dimensional representation. Via two case studies, the basic principles for the development of an integrative approach are sketched out and suggestions made for further research. The specific skill-set and thinking of architects offers a 3rd dimension of innovation processes.

IMPAIRMENT OF THE PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS FOLLOWING PROLONGED THERAPY WITH CORTICOTROPHIN

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Levell ◽  
S. R. Stitch ◽  
M. J. Noronha
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Prolonged Therapy ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Lysine Vasopressin ◽  
Subsequent Response ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

ABSTRACT Pituitary-adrenal function was tested in a group of 33 patients with multiple sclerosis who had been treated with corticotrophin for at least 1 year. Assessment was made by measuring the change in the plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid concentration following lysine vasopressin (LVP) administration. Ten patients showed abnormally small increases after LVP. Two of the 5 patients with the smallest increases still showed impairment 8 months later. The patients with no withdrawal symptoms had normal or nearly normal increases following LVP. There was an association between the concentration of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids immediately after withdrawal of ACTH and the subsequent response to LVP.

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