Personality and Socioeconomic Status Over the Adult Working Years

2018 ◽  
pp. 394-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin P. Chapman ◽  
Ari Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Family Of Origin ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Using Data

Measuring the interrelationship of personality and socioeconomic status (SES) over the adult life span is crucial in assessing how—or if—personality traits are involved in SES health differentials. Using data from Midlife in the United States cohort members of working age throughout a 16- to 17-year period, we studied the reciprocal relationship between personality traits and SES. Results indicated that standing on socioeconomic indicators was heavily shaped by both family of origin SES and education, with small positive associations of Openness and Conscientiousness and negative associations of Neuroticism and Agreeableness with SES indicators at subsequent waves. Results revealed small associations between socioeconomic factors and future Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, and Openness. Continuity in SES and personality dwarfed reciprocal influences. Findings suggest that any major selection effects of personality on SES occur prior to midlife, and that family of origin SES and education are common links to both adult SES and personality.

scholarly journals Mixed emotions across the adult life span in the United States.

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schneider ◽  
Arthur A. Stone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Mixed Emotions

scholarly journals The association between socioeconomic status and autism diagnosis in the United Kingdom for children aged 5–8 years of age: Findings from the Born in Bradford cohort

Autism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Kelly ◽  
Stefan Williams ◽  
Sylvie Collins ◽  
Faisal Mushtaq ◽  
Mark Mon-Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autism Diagnosis ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Born In Bradford ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Using Data

There has been recent interest in the relationship between socioeconomic status and the diagnosis of autism in children. Studies in the United States have found lower rates of autism diagnosis associated with lower socioeconomic status, while studies in other countries report no association, or the opposite. This article aims to contribute to the understanding of this relationship in the United Kingdom. Using data from the Born in Bradford cohort, comprising 13,857 children born between 2007 and 2011, it was found that children of mothers educated to A-level or above had twice the rate of autism diagnosis, 1.5% of children (95% confidence interval: 1.1%, 1.9%) compared to children of mothers with lower levels of education status 0.7% (95% confidence interval: 0.5%, 0.9%). No statistically significant relationship between income status or neighbourhood material deprivation was found after controlling for mothers education status. The results suggest a substantial level of underdiagnosis for children of lower education status mothers, though further research is required to determine the extent to which this is replicated across the United Kingdom. Tackling inequalities in autism diagnosis will require action, which could include increased education, awareness, further exploration of the usefulness of screening programmes and the provision of more accessible support services.

Market Transition, Multidimensional Socioeconomic Status, and Health Disparities in Urban China

2020 ◽  
pp. 073112142093773
Author(s):  
Jun Xu ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Fang Gong
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Global Education ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Party Membership ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Fundamental Causes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Chinese General Social Survey

Synthesizing the theory of fundamental causes in the health literature with the stratification research on transitional economies, this paper investigates how the multidimensional socioeconomic status (SES), especially education and communist party membership, is associated with three self-rated health outcomes in urban China. Using data from the 2013 Chinese General Social Survey, we find that party membership is associated with better self-rated health, higher health-related quality of life and work, and lower levels of self-rated depression, whereas the effect of education is somewhat more elusive than it usually is in Western societies. Our findings suggest that the effects of socioeconomic indicators are better understood by being contextualized in a sociopolitical environment. It is also fruitful to include both global (education, income, employment status, and subjective SES) and local measures of SES (party membership and housing ownership) in exploring their associations with health in the world’s largest transitional society.

scholarly journals Health Outcomes, Personality Traits, And Eating Disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C Ham ◽  
Daniela Iorio ◽  
Michelle Sovinsky
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Blood Institute ◽  
National Heart Lung ◽  
Purging Behavior ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Absence From Work

Abstract Bulimia Nervosa (BN) is a detrimental persistent eating disorder that impacts millions of women, and imposes serious costs on the economy in terms of physical health, treatment costs, absence from work, and reduced human capital accumulation. One important issue in treating BN is that it is often undiagnosed, especially among disadvantaged girls. The failures to diagnose BN occur, in part, because many cases of BN are unobservable to others, and asking girls about their bingeing and purging behavior can be considered invasive. Using data on eating disorder behaviors from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study, we show that information on a girl’s personality traits, along with information on her family’s socioeconomic status, can be used to impute the unobservable BN behavior. In particular, we find that personality traits are significant determinants of bulimic behavior, even after controlling for socioeconomic status. These results suggest a way to target those who are likely to suffer from BN based on identifiable personality traits. Given the costs involved in BN, and the number of individuals affected, our research suggests a practical direction for public health policy to reduce the number of undiagnosed cases.

scholarly journals Body Image Distress and Its Associations From an International Sample of Men and Women Across the Adult Life Span: Web-Based Survey Study

10.2196/25329 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. e25329
Author(s):  
Alyssa Milton ◽  
Ashlea Hambleton ◽  
Anna Roberts ◽  
Tracey Davenport ◽  
Anna Flego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Health And Wellbeing

Background Previous research on body image distress mainly relied on samples that were small, generally homogeneous in age or sex, often limited to one geographical region, and were characterized by a lack of comprehensive analysis of multiple psychosocial domains. The research presented in this paper extends the international literature using the results of the web-based Global Health and Wellbeing Survey 2015. The survey included a large sample of both men and women aged ≥16 years from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, or the United States. Objective The main objectives of this study are to examine body image distress across the adult life span (≥16 years) and sex and assess the association between body image distress and various psychosocial risk and protective factors. Methods Data were extracted from the Global Health and Wellbeing Survey 2015, a web-based international self-report survey with 10,765 respondents, and compared with previous web-based surveys conducted in 2009 and 2012. Results The body image distress of young Australians (aged 16-25 years) significantly rose by 33% from 2009 to 2015. In 2015, 75.19% (961/1278) of 16- to 25-year-old adults reported body image distress worldwide, and a decline in body image distress was noted with increasing age. More women reported higher levels of body image distress than men (1953/3338, 58.51% vs 853/2175, 39.22%). Sex, age, current dieting status, perception of weight, psychological distress, alcohol and other substance misuse, and well-being significantly explained 24% of the variance in body image distress in a linear regression (F15,4966=105.8; P<.001). Conclusions This study demonstrates the significant interplay between body image distress and psychosocial factors across age and sex.

Using Sensory, Functional, and Activity Limitation Data to Estimate Employment Outcomes for Working-Age Persons With Disabilities in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra L. Brucker ◽  
Andrew J. Houtenville ◽  
Eric A. Lauer
Keyword(s):  
Independent Living ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Activity Limitation ◽  
Activity Limitations ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the 2010–2012 American Community Survey (ACS), we estimate employment outcomes among persons with different combinations of sensory, functional, and activity limitations while controlling for individual characteristics. We consider activity limitations as indicators of barriers to independent living and of a need for support services. We find that the presence of an activity limitation is strongly associated with decreased odds of employment for persons with sensory or functional limitations. Results provide support for the targeted allocation of resources to increase independent living among persons with disabilities as a means to improve employment outcomes among persons with disabilities.

Semantic Memory Functioning Across the Adult Life Span

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Bäckman ◽  
Lars-Göran Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the first wave of data collection in the Betula project, this research examined semantic memory performance in adulthood and old age (N = 1000). The Betula project is a 10-year longitudinal study on memory and health that involves participants from 10 age groups: 35, 40, 45, …, and 80 years of age. Results from tests of verbal fluency and vocabulary indicated no performance variation between 35 and 50 years of age, followed by a gradual deterioration with increasing age. In a test of general knowledge, only the two oldest cohorts showed deficits. When educational level was statistically controlled, a different pattern of results was seen: the middle-aged adults performed at the highest level and, with the exception of one fluency test, no age-related deficits were observed before 75 years of age. These results suggest that, although there may be age-related deficits in semantic memory in the general population, education appears to be a more important factor than adult age per se for semantic memory functioning. The data support the view that activation of preexisting memory representations is relatively unaffected by the adult aging process, and demonstrate the pivotal role of cultural factors (e.g., education, verbal experience) in proficient semantic memory functioning.

Socioeconomic status and incidence of pediatric embryonal tumors in the United States.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10036-10036
Author(s):  
Raquel Ataide Peres Silva ◽  
Tamara P. Pace-Emerson ◽  
Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo ◽  
A. Lindsay Frazier ◽  
Karina Braga Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
The United States ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Rate Ratios

10036 Background: Of the 13,000 children diagnosed with cancer each year in the United States (US), the embryonal solid tumors, neuroblastoma (NB), retinoblastoma (RB), Wilms tumors (WT), hepatoblastoma (HB), rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) and germ cell tumors (GCT), account for over 30% of the cases. Social disparities in cancer are well studied for adults, but few studies have focused on children, mostly for leukemia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the differences in incidence of rare cancers according to socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: Cases aged 0-19 were identified from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registries from 1992-2009. Using data from the US 2000 Census, the county of residence of the cases was categorized above or below the national average for SES measures including: % persons with< high school education, % persons below poverty, % persons unemployed and % households with > 1 person/room. Age standardized rates per million (ASR), rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained. The findings were validated using cases from the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) from 1999-2009, analyzed with the same SES variables. Results: Among cases identified in SEER, rates of NB and WT are higher in counties with upper SES measures whereas RB and GCT occurred more frequently in counties with lower SES measures. No association was found between SES and rates of HB and RMS. The results were reproducible with NPCR cases. For instance, ASR of NB is lower (SEER: 5.86; NPCR: 7.48) in counties where >19.6% of the population had not completed high school and higher (SEER: 8.41; NPCR: 8.47) in counties where ≤19.6% had not achieved a high school degree. (SEER: RR=0.69; 95%CI=0.62-0.77; NPCR: RR=0.88; 95%CI=0.84-0.93). Analysis of NB rates according to poverty, unemployment and crowding showed consistent results, with higher rates in counties with higher SES. Conclusions: The findings are suggestive of a relation between SES and cancer susceptibility that may be connected to environment and lifestyle. Understanding the role of contributing causes demands further studies to evaluate why cancer rates vary across cultural and ethnic groups as well as the magnitude of specific SE aspects.

scholarly journals Body Image Distress and Its Associations From an International Sample of Men and Women Across the Adult Life Span: Web-Based Survey Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Milton ◽  
Ashlea Hambleton ◽  
Anna Roberts ◽  
Tracey Davenport ◽  
Anna Flego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Health And Wellbeing

BACKGROUND Previous research on body image distress mainly relied on samples that were small, generally homogeneous in age or sex, often limited to one geographical region, and were characterized by a lack of comprehensive analysis of multiple psychosocial domains. The research presented in this paper extends the international literature using the results of the web-based Global Health and Wellbeing Survey 2015. The survey included a large sample of both men and women aged ≥16 years from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, or the United States. OBJECTIVE The main objectives of this study are to examine body image distress across the adult life span (≥16 years) and sex and assess the association between body image distress and various psychosocial risk and protective factors. METHODS Data were extracted from the Global Health and Wellbeing Survey 2015, a web-based international self-report survey with 10,765 respondents, and compared with previous web-based surveys conducted in 2009 and 2012. RESULTS The body image distress of young Australians (aged 16-25 years) significantly rose by 33% from 2009 to 2015. In 2015, 75.19% (961/1278) of 16- to 25-year-old adults reported body image distress worldwide, and a decline in body image distress was noted with increasing age. More women reported higher levels of body image distress than men (1953/3338, 58.51% vs 853/2175, 39.22%). Sex, age, current dieting status, perception of weight, psychological distress, alcohol and other substance misuse, and well-being significantly explained 24% of the variance in body image distress in a linear regression (<i>F</i><sub>15,4966</sub>=105.8; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the significant interplay between body image distress and psychosocial factors across age and sex.

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