Student Movements in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán Bidegain ◽  
Marisa von Bülow
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Student Movements ◽  
American Student ◽  
Local Case ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Historical Accounts

Latin American student movements have historically been very active in the region’s political life. However, with the partial exception of historical accounts of the university reform movement and the 1960s protests, the academic literature has not addressed the Latin American student movements from a comparative point of view. Rather, it has mostly focused on national or local case studies. This chapter presents a review of some of the most relevant arguments and concepts of this literature, analyzing the key challenges facing contemporary student movements. It addresses three recurrent dilemmas involving student demands, tactical repertoires, and relations with political institutions. Each of these analyses is grounded in important theoretical debates. The chapter contributes to these debates by highlighting the main conceptual findings of the Latin American literature while discussing the challenges faced by the student movement actors themselves. It turns to examples from campaigns in various countries, especially Venezuela, Chile, Brazil, and Mexico.

The Latin American Publishing Circuit in the 21st Century: Following the Trajectory of César Aira

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 056-064
Author(s):  
María Belén Riveiro ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Latin American ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Latin American Literature ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
César Aira ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Cesar Aira ◽  
The 1960S

This essay poses a question about the identity of Latin American literature in the 21st century. In the 1960s and 1970s, the Latin America Boom received recognition both locally and internationally, becoming the dominant means of defining Latin American literature up to the present. This essay explores new ways to understand this notion of Latin America in the literary scene. The case of the Argentine writer César Aira is relevant for analyzing alternative publishing circuits that connect various points of the region. These publishing houses foster a defiant way of establishing the value of literature.

To the Beat of “The Walrus”: Uruguayan Communists and Youth Culture in the Global Sixties

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vania Markarian
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Youth Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Political Identities ◽  
Youth Movements ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

In the 1960s, a generation of Latin American youth entered political life inspired by a heroic view of activism tiiat coincided, often contentiously, with the spread of new cultural trends from youth movements in Europe and the United States. This study focuses on how the notions of “being young” in circulation at the time affected the construction of political identities in Uruguay, particularly among the different branches of the Uruguayan left. I am especially interested in analyzing the relationship between the cultural representations of youth and the requirements for activism as conceived by these Uruguayan leftist groups.

scholarly journals Latin America through the Literary Looking-Glass, And What Bolaño Found There

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-74
Author(s):  
Arnoldas Stramskas
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Latin American Literature ◽  
Political Critique ◽  
Political Criticism ◽  
Effective Form ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Roberto Bolano

Abstract This article provides a broad overview of social, economic, and cultural politics in Latin America, especially concentrating on what became known as the Latin American literary “boom” in the 1960s and 1970s, and the region’s political context - colonial past, neocolonial/neoliberal present, the role of intellectuals within the state and cultural affairs. The second part focuses on Roberto Bolaño - the writer who put Latin American literature on the world map which has not been seen since the boom years - and his novel The Savage Detectives. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that literature not only shares common elements and possible intentions with social and political critique, but that it can also be an effective form of social and political criticism. In such a case, Bolaño’s work may be read not as inferior fictional account but as a complex, intersectional investigation of socioeconomic as well as ontological condition in Latin America that other modes of inquiry may overlook.

A Case of Exploding Markets: Latin American and South Asian Literary “Booms”

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roanne L. Kantor
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Latin American ◽  
South Asian ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Latin American Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Anglophone Literature ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractThis article seeks to explain the recent popularity of South Asian Anglophone literature (beginning in 1981 and peaking between 1998 and 2008) in light of the boom in Latin American literature of the 1960s. It argues that the phenomenon of regional literary “booms” shares features across both eras, and that a unified theory of booms is increasingly important to understanding the way contemporary literature circulates around the globe. Scholarship about both eras has tended to coalesce around three types of boom-driving agents: “creators,” “contexts,” and “curators.” Within that broader agreement, however, scholarship about the South Asian boom has tended to overemphasize the political symbolism of recent South Asian Anglophone literature and its global popularity, while under-emphasizing the political realities that create the conditions under which that literature became popular. This line of criticism has come at the expense of attention to literature’s other dimensions as a cultural object, as well as contextual explanations of popularity involving the role of governments, demographics, and market flows. The more diverse scholarship on the Latin American boom offers a corrective with insights for both the future of South Asian Anglophone literature and the field of World Literature.

Uruguay, 1968

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vania Markarian ◽  
Eric Zolov ◽  
Laura Pérez Carrara
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Youth Movements ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cold War

This book examines the creation of new conceptions of youth and politics during the Cold War era by focusing on the case of Uruguay in the 1960s. In this decade, a generation of Latin American youth entered political life inspired by a heroic view of activism that coincided, often contentiously, with the spread of new cultural trends from youth movements in Europe and United States. The Uruguayan case shows a series of distinctive features which can help us rethink the significance of similar Cold War processes in the region and across the globe. This study analyzes the Uruguayan student movement of 1968 through a close examination of the intellectual debates, ideological schisms, and social representations that shaped the positions of leftist groups and fueby building on earlier discussions about how to achieve revolutionary change in Uruguay and the region as a whole. By exploring the intersection of activism, political violence, and youth culture, this book opens new insights on categories such as the 哲‎ew

Cultural Divergence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Latin American Literature ◽  
The United States ◽  
Literary Imagination ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter offers a periodization of the literatures of the Americas from the late nineteenth century through the postwar period. After acknowledging the emergence of a brief “transamerican literary imagination” forged in the early nineteenth century, I chart the gradual breakdown of this shared literary imagination in the second half of the nineteenth century and the concomitant rise of two distinct modes of literary production in the hemisphere: the US literature of experience and the Latin American literature of the reader. I track the emergence of these systems: in the United States, through the mid-nineteenth-century “American Renaissance,” the late nineteenth-century “age of realism,” the interwar “modernist” period, and the “postmodern” era of the second half of the century; in Latin America, through the modernismo of the turn of the twentieth century, the vanguardia movement of the 1920s and early 1930s, and the boom decades of the 1960s and 1970s.

Recovering Politics for Socialism: Two Responses to the Language of Community

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Barnard ◽  
Richard Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Bourgeois Society ◽  
Life Itself

AbstractSocialism is often defined in terms of “community,” or, as Professor John Wilson once put it, as a “society of friends.” Thus defined, it is contrasted with the competitive relations of bourgeois society. But in some recent theory and practice, political competition is taken to be a defining feature of a legitimate socialist order. The persistence of political institutions is thus stressed, both by Western socialist theorists and by reformers in Eastern and Central Europe, and the orthodox view that “state” is to be superseded by “community” is sharply rejected. These two critiques differ, however, in one major respect: for Western socialists, the state is to be legitimated by the principles of socialist rationality, while for many reformers of Eastern and Central Europe it is to be legitimated by political life itself. From this second point of view, neither “friendship” nor “rationality” responds to the tensions which a socialist polity, no less than any other, will face: for both these concepts, to the extent that they are taken to set pre-established norms, constrict the “space for political action, ” and thus remove the necessary conditions for legitimacy.

Protest State

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mason W. Moseley
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Government Responsiveness

In the midst of an unprecedented era of democratic governments and economic prosperity, why are a record number of Latin American citizens choosing to participate in protests? This book argues that increasingly engaged citizenries, forged by economic progress and technological advances throughout the region, combined with dysfunctional political institutions have fueled more contentious modes of participation in Latin America, as citizens’ demands for government responsiveness have overwhelmed many regimes’ institutional capacity to provide it. Where weak institutions and active citizenries collide, countries can morph into “protest states,” where contentious participation becomes so common as to render it a conventional characteristic of everyday political life. Drawing on cross-national surveys from Latin America and a case study of Argentina, which includes a rich dataset of protest events and dozens of interviews with political elites and citizen activists, Moseley tests this explanation against other leading theories in the contentious politics literature. Rather than emphasizing how worsening economic conditions and mounting grievances fuel protest, this book builds the case that it is actually the improvement of economic conditions amid low-quality political institutions that lies at the root of surging contention in the region. In presenting and systematically defending this novel approach, Protest State offers a comprehensive multilevel, mixed-methods study of one of the most intriguing puzzles in Latin American politics today.

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