Ethics and Economics

2019 ◽  
pp. 207-228
Author(s):  
John B. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Mainstream Economic ◽  
Ethics And Economics ◽  
Normative Principle ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Status

This chapter examines the nature of ethics and economics as a single subject of investigation, and uses a complex systems approach to characterize the nature of that subject. It then distinguishes mainstream economic and social economic visions of it, where the former assumes that market processes encompass social processes, and the latter assumes that market processes are embedded in social processes. For each vision, strong and weak theses are compared. Both visions are first explained in terms of their respective views of the positive-normative distinction, then in terms of a central normative principle, and then in terms of their policy strategies. The chapter closes with comments on the future status of ethics and economics as a single subject of investigation.

Crossing the Chasm

2012 ◽  
pp. 280-289
Author(s):  
Theresa M. Vitolo
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Gaming Technology ◽  
The Future

Serious games are technology with unrealized potential as an innovation for reasoning about complex systems. The technology is enticing to technologically-savvy individuals, but the acceptance of serious games into mainstream processes requires addressing several systemic issues spanning social, economic, behavioral, and technological aspects. First, deployment of gaming technology for critical processes needs to embrace statistical and scientific methods appropriate for valid, accurate, and verifiable simulation of such processes. Second, identifying the correct instance and application breadth for a serious game within an organization needs to be articulated and supported with research. Third, funding for serious-games initiatives will need to be won as the funding will displace monies previously allocated and championed for other projects. Last, the endeavor faces the problem of negative connotations about its appropriateness as a viable technology for mainstream processes rather than for entertainment and diversion. The chapter examines the chasm serious games must traverse by examining the issues and posing approaches to minimize their effect on the adoption of the technology. The histories of other technologies that faced similar hurdles are compared to the current state of serious games, offering a perspective on the hurdle’s resolution. In the future, the hurdles can be minimized as curricula are developed with the solutions to the issues incorporated in the content.

A Dynamic Systems Approach to Personality

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Pervin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Dynamic View ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

David Magnusson has been the most articulate spokesperson for a holistic, systems approach to personality. This paper considers three concepts relevant to a dynamic systems approach to personality: dynamics, systems, and levels. Some of the history of a dynamic view is traced, leading to an emphasis on the need for stressing the interplay among goals. Concepts such as multidetermination, equipotentiality, and equifinality are shown to be important aspects of a systems approach. Finally, attention is drawn to the question of levels of description, analysis, and explanation in a theory of personality. The importance of the issue is emphasized in relation to recent advances in our understanding of biological processes. Integrating such advances into a theory of personality while avoiding the danger of reductionism is a challenge for the future.

How Is the Future Unknown?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn van der Steen ◽  
Mark van Twist
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Organizational Strategies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Uncertain Future

The future is inherently uncertain. However, most policies are deliberate attempts to anticipate the future and to change and shape the future in an intended way. This chapter provides concepts for three key elements that are necessary to prepare for an unknown future. First, it conceptualizes what makes the future uncertain; uncertainty does not stem from the amount of time itself, but rather from the dynamics that can play out in that time. That is why it matters significantly if a system is complex or complicated; complex systems are much more dynamic and unpredictable, and complicated systems are much more stable and predictable. Second, there are different approaches for “studying” the dynamics; forecasting and foresight depart from entirely different angles of looking at the future, and both have their own strengths and weakness. Third, there are different organizational strategies for preparing for an unknown future; robustness, resilience, and adaptivity are three possible principles for organizing and preparing for uncertainty. In order to prepare for an uncertain future, or to study the uncertain future, scholars and policymakers should systematically take these three essential steps into account; how is the future unknown, how do we study the future, and what concept for anticipation do we apply here?

scholarly journals Soil as an Archetype of Complexity: A Systems Approach to Improve Insights, Learning, and Management of Coupled Biogeochemical Processes and Environmental Externalities

Soil Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Environmental Externalities ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Conservation Adoption ◽  
Systems Framework

Due to tightly coupled physical, chemical, and biological processes that often behave in nonlinear, counterintuitive ways, it is argued that soil is an archetype of a complex system. Unfortunately, human intuition and decision making has been shown to be inadequate when dealing with complex systems. This poses significant challenges for managers or policy makers responding to environmental externalities where soil dynamics play a central role (e.g., biogeochemical cycles) and where full ranges of outcomes result from numerous feedback processes not easily captured by reductionist approaches. In order to improve interpretation of these soil feedbacks, a dynamic systems framework is outlined (capturing feedback often excluded from investigation or left to intuition) and then applied to agroecosystem management problems related to irrigation or tillage practices that drive nutrient cycling (e.g., soil water, nitrogen, carbon, and sodium). Key soil feedbacks are captured via a variety of previously developed models simulating soil processes and their interactions. Results indicated that soil system trade-offs arising from conservation adoption (drip irrigation or no-tillage) provided reasonable supporting evidence (via compensating feedbacks) to managers justifying slow adoption of conservation practices. Modeling soils on the foundation provided in the complex systems sciences remains an area for innovations useful for improving soil system management.

scholarly journals Extreme events defined—A conceptual discussion applying a complex systems approach

Futures ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 102490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Hanna Broska ◽  
Witold-Roger Poganietz ◽  
Stefan Vögele
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Conceptual Discussion

Future Directions in Simulation and Training

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Swezey
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Simulation And Training ◽  
The Future ◽  
And Training

A discussion of potential future directions in the areas of simulation and training is presented. Advantages, disadvantages and problems associated with training-oriented simulations are discussed, and several areas including: holography, social processes, mnemonics, trance learning, and electrical and biochemical brain stimulation are presented as fertile areas for increased development in the future.

Technology for a Systems Approach in the Development of Military Education under the Rapid Development and Growth of Armaments and Equipment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4306-4319
Author(s):  
Vadym Ryzhykov ◽  
Kira Horiacheva ◽  
Oleksandr Bondarenko ◽  
Oleg Prokhorov ◽  
Anatolii Yurkov
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Military Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Single System ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pedagogic Research

Research on military education under the rapid development and growth of armaments and equipment is booming. The field is continually gaining more key insights about this important and complex pedagogical problem. Academic interest on the systemic approach in the development of military education has consistently been a multidisciplinary effort. But perhaps systemic approach in pedagogic researchers are particularly well situated to be the leading voices on the public’s understanding of military education and many are heeding the call. With that responsibility in mind, in this paper, we offer to consider four elements of the educational process for the future of pedagogic research that we believe can help focus this line of inquiry to better ensure we address some of the most pressing problems. Based on critical assessments of the gaps in the literature, the paper cites the need to combine all elements of the educational process into a single system to achieve a focused result in the training of military personnel in educational institutions. Our list is not exhaustive, nor do we suggest that areas we do not cover are not important. Rather, we make these observations with the goal of spurring a conversation about the future of military education research, but especially a systemic approach in the development of military education.

The Future of Primary Care

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
RITAMARIE MOSCOLA
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Missed Appointments ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Pediatric Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Physician Relationship

To the Editor.— In the article "Primary Care: The Future of Pediatric Education"1 Dr Alpert addresses many issues facing pediatrics. I agree with his list of problems. However, I doubt that the social, economic, and cultural changes he describes will ever occur. My informal survey of pediatricians in practice is a song of frustration and boredom. The ringing telephone provides the rhythm. How does a patient-physician relationship develop in an environment of missed appointments, 3 AM emergency department visits, and managed care? Many families change physicians whenever employers change health benefits packages.

A data-driven complex systems approach to early prediction of landslides

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette Tordesillas ◽  
Zongzheng Zhou ◽  
Robin Batterham
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Early Prediction
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