Ireland and European Governance

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-160
Author(s):  
John O’Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
European Governance ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Conscious Choice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Irish membership of the European Communities in 1973 represented the most significant development in the life of the independent state, and it helped to refashion the economic, political, and social landscape. Membership of the EU brought considerable change to domestic politics, and also to the executive and administration. Adjusting to a dynamic rules-based supranational order required adaptability and pragmatism. This chapter evaluates the impact of ‘Europe’ on Ireland, and the extent to which there are patterns of ‘Europeanization’ in politics and public life as a result of almost five decades of EU membership. It argues that, domestically, Ireland used EU membership as a vehicle for modernization, while externally, the EU provided an increasingly important ‘geopolitical anchor’. And although this Europeanization has been far from uniform, the effect has been a move towards a more self-conscious ‘choice for Europe’. Brexit has confirmed this renewed commitment to European integration.

8. Poland: An Awkward Partner Redeemed*

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Copsey
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
European Union ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Class ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Early Decision ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines the pattern of Poland’s relations with the European Union during the period 1989–2011. After the fall of communism, Poland took an early decision in 1989 to place European integration at the centre of its plans for democratization and modernization. Post-accession opinion in Poland on the EU was initially divided between an increasingly Europhile public and an occasionally Eurosceptic political class. By the time of the Polish Presidency of the EU in 2011, however, Poland had largely shed its reputation for awkwardness and had achieved a few policy successes, particularly in terms of relations with its Eastern neighbours. The chapter explains how Poland came to join the EU and assesses the impact of its EU membership on domestic politics, public opinion, institutions, governance, and public policy. It concludes by comparing Poland’s experience with those of its Visegrád neighbours, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia.

9. Poland: Model European or Awkward Partner?

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-229
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Copsey ◽  
Karolina Pomorska
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
European Union ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Early Decision ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines the pattern of Poland’s relations with the European Union during the period 1989–2011. Poland took an early decision in 1989 to place European integration at the centre of its plans for democratization and modernization. Post-accession opinion in Poland on the EU was initially divided between an increasingly Europhile public and an occasionally Eurosceptic political class. By the time of the Polish Presidency of the EU in 2011, however, Poland had largely shed its reputation for awkwardness and had achieved a few policy successes, particularly in relations with its Eastern neighbours. The chapter explains how Poland came to join the EU and assesses the impact of its EU membership on domestic politics, public opinion, institutions, governance, and public policy. It concludes by considering the re-emergent divide between elite and public attitudes since the 2015 elections and tensions with the EU over the rule of law.

scholarly journals FDI determinants in Europe and Chinese influence

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Alena Dorakh
Keyword(s):  
Trade Costs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Vertical Fdi ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Despite recent concerns about the increasing influence of outside investors on the European Union (EU) and Western Balkans, the developed European countries are still a dominant source of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the region, confirming the benefits of EU membership. At the same time, fast-growing connectivity and lower trade costs in accession and neighboring countries determine the FDI growth from China, particularly via the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). By applying panel data over 2000-2019 for 34 countries, which form 89% of all European FDI, we first examine FDI patterns around Europe, compare the EU, NMS, and Western Balkans; verify the importance of EU membership for FDI, caused reducing trade costs and improving connectivity. Thus, the new EU member states (NMS) and Western Balkans appear both as a home country and as a pre- entry destination to the EU. Then, we calculate trade costs indices for each selected country and partners over time and find that Europe and China are closely interconnected through trade and FDI. It means that stronger ties with China can be realized for the sample countries at the cost of easing relations with the EU. Finally, incorporating trade costs indices into the FDI model; we evaluate the impact of connectivity on FDI and estimate how BRI affected FDI in Europe. Additionally, we validate that the old framework of horizontal and vertical FDI not representative well and even new complex vertical or export-oriented FDI strategies are shifting today.

3. France: Genuine Europeanization or Monnet for Nothing?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Rozenberg
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
French Politics ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Institutional System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines France’s paradoxical relationship with the European Union by focusing on the heterogeneity of adaptation to the EU. While public policy and legislation are becoming increasingly Europeanized, the EU has a limited impact on political life and the domestic institutional system. As a result of this mixed situation, the national narratives for supporting French membership of the EU suffer from progressive erosion and Euroscepticism subtly gaining ground. The chapter first considers patterns in France’s EU membership before discussing the impact of EU membership on public opinion and political parties. It then looks at the Europeanization of French politics and the impact of EU membership on French institutions as well as public policy. The chapter argues that France has changed by joining the EU, contrary to what a large body of recent work suggests.

scholarly journals Turkey, the EU and Social Policy

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Manning
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Model ◽  
European Social Model ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Welfare Institutions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This paper considers what we might expect to be the effect on social policy of Turkish accession to the EU by reviewing the impact of EU membership on social policy in other new member and candidate countries. This effect begins long before membership is finalised, and continues long after membership has been achieved. The patterns of impact can be divided along a number of dimensions: between ‘accession’ and ‘enlargement’; state and civil society; centre and periphery; formal and substantive; and different welfare institutions. In the course of reviewing these variations, the paper reflects upon the nature of social policy itself, and in particular the nature of the European Social Model.

scholarly journals Democratization and Foreign Policy Reforms in Turkey: Europeanization of Turkish Politics?

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaprak Gürsoy
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
Divergence Of Opinion ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe European Union membership process has had an impact on Turkish domestic politics and foreign policy. However, when compared with previous candidate countries to the EU, the Europeanization of politics in Turkey has not been an even process. The reformation of politics in Turkey has had three main characteristics. First, instead of the pace of the reforms being linear, there has been a periodic rise and fall of interest in introducing amendments. Second, the reforms have not necessarily replaced past practices, rather they have only introduced new ones in addition to the old ways of doing politics. Finally, there has been considerable opposition to the reforms in Turkey, partially because the government does not seem to follow the liberal-democratic trajectory set out by the EU membership process. The delays in enacting the constitutional and legal changes and the biased selection of laws and practices that are being amended do not give the impression that the government is sincere. Whether the amendments are in fact Europeanizing Turkey or pulling it away from its Western and secular political framework is a significant question leading to conflict among different factions in society. This divergence of opinion, in turn, results in further stalling the reforms.

10. Brexit and the Future of Two Unions

2018 ◽  
pp. 216-237
Author(s):  
Daniel Kenealy ◽  
John Peterson ◽  
Richard Corbett
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
British People ◽  
Theresa May ◽  
The Eu

This chapter considers the impact of the United Kingdom’s (UK’s) decision to leave the EU. In June 2016, the UK held a referendum on continuing its EU membership. The UK voted to leave the EU by a narrow margin, but one large enough for its new Prime Minister (after David Cameron, who called the referendum, resigned), Theresa May, to call ‘Brexit’ (the process of Britain exiting the EU) ‘the settled will of the British people’. The result sent shock waves across Europe. This chapter seeks to explain how and why the Brexit vote occurred and what might happen—both to the UK and to the EU—as a result. Possible outcomes of the negotiations on Brexit are considered with a view to assessing their impact on the UK, the EU, and the future of European integration.

13. Europeanization and Member State Institutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-330
Author(s):  
Hussein Kassim ◽  
Vanessa Buth
Keyword(s):  
Member State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Legal Traditions ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines the impact of Europeanization on member state institutions. Membership in the European Union imposes a variety of constraints and burdens on countries, but it also affords important opportunities and makes available significant resources. Integration initially reinforced the decline of national legislatures, but they have fought back in the last decade. National courts have assumed new functions and become part of a wider Community of law. At the same, the precise effects of the EU have varied cross-nationally as the demands of membership have interacted with differing constitutional arrangements, legal traditions, and political cultures. Moreover, national institutions such as governments, parliaments, and courts have left their mark on the EU and determine to a large extent the capacities of the Union as a system. The chapter considers how EU membership has affected national governments, national parliaments, and national courts.

7. Spain: Pragmatic Europeanism or the End of Unconditional Support for European Integration?

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-177
Author(s):  
Ana Mar Fernández Pasarín ◽  
Francesc Morata
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Judicial Politics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Adaptation ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines the different aspects of Spain’s adaptation to the European Union, and more specifically how Europe became a source of benefits and modernization for the country. Spain is the only country among all those which have joined the EU after 1958 whose political parties and citizenry were in full support of acccession. Europeanization has affected most policy areas, particularly economic and social policies in response to EU pressures during the financial crisis. The chapter first considers the pattern of Spain’s relations with the EU before discussing the overall assessment of its EU membership among public opinion and political parties. It then analyses the impact of EU membership on Spain’s political institutions and governance, judicial politics, and policy adaptation in areas such as the Common Agricultural Policy and environmental policy. The chapter concludes by exploring how Spain’s unconditional support for integration has become more conditional since the financial crisis.

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