Denial

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
David Ripley
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Aspect ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lexical Items

Denial is something we do; it is a speech act. Negation, on the other hand, is a particular lexical item. Despite being very different kinds of things, denial and negation certainly seem to have something to do with each other. There’s something negative about them both. This ‘negative’ aspect, whatever it is, unifies denial and negation across these categories. It is something that denial does not share with the speech act of assertion, for example, although they are both speech acts; nor does negation share it with, say, ‘must’, although they are both lexical items. There are a range of theories about the relationships between negation and denial. This article aims to give a brief overview of these theories, and to indicate some of the reasons for and against each.

Speech Acts in the Apprentice Asia TV Program

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Reza Pahlevi ◽  
Amrin Saragih ◽  
Anni Holila Pulungan
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Task Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Tv Program

This study is concerned with the use of speech acts in The Apprentice Asia TV program. The objectives of this study were to describe, to explain the types of speech acts used by the host, advisors and contestants of The Apprentice Asia, and the reasons. The findings of this study showed that all types of speech acts, namely representative, directive, commissive, expressive and decalarative were used by the host and contestants, while the advisors did not use expressive and declarative. The dominant type of speech act used by the host was directive, while the advisors and contestants dominantly used representative speech act. The participants performed them by direct, indirect, literal and non-literal way. There were some reasons of using types of speech acts used by all participants. In order to get information from other participants about the performances of the contestants in running the task, type of speech acts used by the host was directive in the form of questioning. On the other hand, the advisors and contestants were the participants whose informations required by the host. Therefore, in responding what the host asked to them, they performed their speech acts through representative in the forms of informing. Key words : Apprentice Asia; Speech Acts;and TV program.

A Study of Imperative Usage in Biblical Hebrew and English

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-446
Author(s):  
John Myhill
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Biblical Hebrew ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interactive Factors

This paper reports the results of a detailed text-based study of the use of Imperative constructions in Biblical Hebrew and English, and shows that the two languages differ significantly in this regard. The use of the English Imperative in the database is conditioned largely by social and interactive factors, e.g. the relationship between the speaker and the listener, their relative social status, the sensitivity of the action of giving the command, the setting of the interaction, who will benefit from the action, etc.; on the other hand, the usage of the Imperative in the Hebrew database is mainly determined by semantic and structural factors, e.g. the point in time when the commanded action is to take place, the linguistic form of the preceding clause, whether the command is the first in a conversation, etc. The clear differences here show that there cannot be any uniform explanation about why Imperatives in general are used, as have been proposed in speech act theory (e.g. Searle 1975); on the other hand, these differences are sufficiently complex that they also cannot be accounted for with simple statements regarding cultural differences (e.g. Blum-Kulka 1991). The results of this study suggest that theories about speech acts should be based not upon philosophical speculations using data from a single language, or upon limited linguistic and cultural data carefully selected to support a particular theory, but upon extensive, detailed, and exhaustive linguistic analysis which will clearly establish the descriptive facts of speech act usage in a variety of languages.

scholarly journals Kesantunan Tindak Tutur Bamamai dalam Bahasa Banjar: Berdasarkan Skala Kesantunan Leech

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
NFN Jahdiah
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Distance Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cost And Benefit ◽  
Expressive Speech ◽  
Social Distance Scale ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study discusses speech act of bamamai (nagging) in Banjar language. Bamamai is an expressive speech act. Bamamai usually involves the speaker's emotion toward the speech partner when the speech is not in accordance with what the speaker wants. This research aims to describe bamamai speech acts based on Leech’s politeness scale. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data collected are descriptive, taken from the speakers’ conversations in Banjar language’s oral variety. The theory used in this research is the politeness scale by Leech, namely (1) cost and benefit scale, (2) optionality scale, (3) indirectness scale, (4) authority scale and (5) distance scale. The research shows that there are polite speeches in the bamamai (nagging) speech act because they are in accordance with Leech’s politeness scale, namely the indirectness, authority and optionality scale. On the other hand, there are impolite speeches in bamamai (nagging) speech act because they are not in accordance with the indirectness scale and social distance scale. AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas mengenai tindak tutur bamamai (mengomel) dalam bahasa Banjar. Bamamai termasuk tindak tutur ekspresif. Bamamai biasanya melibatkan emosi penutur kepada mitra tutur ketika tuturan mitra tutur tidak sesuai dengan yang diinginkan oleh penutur. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan tindak tutur bamamai berdasarkan skala kesantunan Leech.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskripsif kualitatif. Data yang dikumpulkan berbentuk deskriptif percakapan penutur berbahasa Banjar dalam ragam lisan. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini skala kesantunan yang dikemukakan oleh Leech, yaitu (1) skala kerugian dan keuntungan, (2) skala pilihan, (3) skala ketidaklangsungan, (4) skala keotoritasan, dan (5) skala jarak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam tindak tutur bamamai terdapat tuturan yang santun karena sesuai dengan skala kesantunan yang dikemukakan oleh Leech, yaitu skala ketidaklangsungan, keotoritasan, dan pilihan. Sebaliknya, dalam tindak tutur bamamai terdapat tuturan yang tidak santun karena tidak sesuai dengan skala ketidaklangsungan dan skala jarak sosial.

scholarly journals JENIS TINDAK TUTUR YANG MENGIKUTI INTERJEKSI PANGGILAN DALAM BAHASA JEPANG

IZUMI ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Maharani Patria Ratna
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

[Types of Speech Acts Following Calling Interjection In Japanese] In speaking, there are times when a calling interjection can be followed by more than one type of speech acts. This research discusses the calling interjection which are used by male speakers in the film Brother Beat. In addition, this study also discussed what kind of speech acts that may follow the call in a speech interjection. The data in this study is a narrative that contains interjection calling spoken by male speakers in the Brother Beat movie. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. To get the data, the researcher usesscrutinize technique and tapping notes method. The results obtained in this research are, calling interjection, such as Anosa, oi, Anona, nee, you, and ano, are often used by male speakers to call the addressees. After the calling interjection, directive speech act and assertive speech act are speech act which appear to follow the calling interjection. Interjection ano sa, oi, anona, and ano, are types of calling interjection which can be followed by a directive speech acts and assertive speech act. In the other hand, calling interjection of nee, can be only  followed by a directive speech act, while calling interjection of you can be followed by a ssertives speech act.

scholarly journals SPEECH ACTS IN POLICE INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWS

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricky Drimarcha Barus ◽  
Amrin Saragih ◽  
Thyrhaya Zein
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Investigative Interview ◽  
Investigative Interviews ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ambiguous Words ◽  
Directive Speech

This study aimed at exploring the speech acts in police investigative interviews. The objectives of the study were to discover, to explain how types of speech acts used by the interviewers and interviewees in the police investigative interviews on Michael Brown’s case and to elaborate the reasons. This research applied descriptive qualitative method. The data were the utterances gathered from the interviewers and the interviewees in two different investigative interviews. They were then analyzed by using Searle’s Speech Acts theory. The findings revealed that the five types of speech acts, namely representative, directive, commissive, expressive and declarative were found in the first investigative interview. However, declarative was not found in the second investigative interview. The most dominant type from the two investigative interviews was representative speech act. The most dominant speech act performed by the detectives and special agents as the interviewers was directive speech act. The most dominant speech act performed by the suspect and the witness as the interviewee was representative speech act. The interviewers and interviewees performed them in two ways, direct - literal way and indirect - literal way, in which the direct - literal way was the most dominant one. The main reason why the interviewers performed directive speech act in the form of questioning, clarifying questioning and confirming questioning was to find facts and information. On the other hand, the interviewees performed the representative speech act in order to inform, explain, describe, affirm or deny. The direct - literal way was dominantly performed because all the participants want to avoid misunderstanding through ambiguous words or sentences since the investigative interviews are serious things.Keywords: interview, investigative interviews, speech acts

Non-Canonical Speech Acts in the History of English

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kohnen
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Influence ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canonical Status

AbstractFrom a pragmatic perspective, speech acts can be seen as non-canonical if they reflect perceptions of politeness and face that differ from an accepted norm. This paper traces the canonical or non-canonical status of boasting and apologising in Anglo-Saxon society. The data suggest that boasting developed from a fairly canonical to a more or less non-canonical speech act, depending on the relative influence that Germanic or Christian values had on Anglo-Saxon society. Apologising, on the other hand, was most likely non-canonical in the Anglo-Saxon warrior society since it appears to be incommensurable to the spirit of Germanic heroes. In the context of spreading Christianity, however, acts of penitence (which are here seen as ‘pre-apologies’) are increasingly advocated as canonical behaviour. Thus, (pre)-apologising (or showing penitence) was on its way from a non-canonical to a canonical status. While the exact development of these two speech acts after Old English has still to be traced in more detail, this article shows that it is the underlying set of ideals and values associated with a society (in this case Germanic self-assertion and retribution and Christian

PRAGMATIC, LINGUAL CULTURAL SENSES AND ETHNIC SYMBOLS IN ARTISTIC TRANSLATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (32) ◽  
pp. 130-148
Author(s):  
Oleh Tyshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Expressive Speech ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
English Translations ◽  
The One ◽  
The Master And Margarita

The article considers performative speech acts (expressives, commissives, wishes, curses, threats, warnings, etc.) and generally exclamatory phraseology in the original and translation in terms of the function of the addressee, the specifics of the communicative situation, the symbolism and pragmatics of the cultural text. Through cultural and semiotic reconstruction of these units, their semantic and grammatical structure and features of motivation in several linguistic cultures were clarified. Collectively, these verbal acts, on the one hand, mark the semiotic structure of the narrative structure of the text, and on the other hand, indicate the idiostyle of a particular author or characterize the speech of the characters and the associated range of emotions (curses, invectives, cries of indignation, dissatisfaction, etc.). Several translated versions of M. Bulgakov’s novel «The Master and Margarita» (in Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak and English) and English translations of M. Kotsyubynsky’s novel «Fata Morgana» and Dovzhenko’s short story «Enchanted Desna» constitute the material for the study. The obtained results are essential for elucidating the specifics of the national conceptual sphere of a certain culture and revealing the types of inter lingual equivalents, idiomatic analogues in the transmission of common ethno-cultural content. This approach can be useful for a new understanding of domestication and adaptation in translation, translation of culturally marked units, onyms, mythological concepts, etc. as a specific translation practices. There was further developed the theory of phatic and performative-expressive speech acts in lingual cultural comprehension.

scholarly journals Wieloaspektowość międzyjęzykowej ekwiwalencji stałych połączeń wyrazowych a ujęcie onomazjologiczne na przykładzie frazeologizmów typu tęga głowa

2020 ◽  
pp. 333-355
Author(s):  
Joanna Szerszunowicz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Multiword Expressions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Minor Significance ◽  
The Cross

The aim of this paper is to discuss the usefulness and reliability of the onomasiological approach in the cross-linguistic analysis of fixed multiword expressions based on the example of Polish phrases coined according to the model: ADJECTIVENOM FEM SING + GŁOWA ‘HEAD’ and their English and Italian counterparts. The three corpora are constituted by expressions registered in general and phraseological dictionaries of the respective languages to ensure that the units belong to the canon of Polish, English and Italian phraseological stock. The analysis of units collected for the purpose of the study clearly shows that in order to determine the true picture of cross-linguistic equivalence, the study should be focused on semantics of analysed phrases. Furthermore, the formal aspectmay be of minor significance in some cases due to the similarity of imagery of a source language idiom and the target language lexical item. On the other hand, stylistic value may have a great impact on the relation of cross-linguistic correspondence of the analysed units.

Semantic and pragmatic effectsof negative markers

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-103
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alqassas
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clausal Structure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Negative Statements ◽  
The One ◽  
Structural Positions

This chapter focuses on the semantic and pragmatic effects associated with the various positions of negation. Particularly, presuppositional readings for negative statements follow from different structural positions of negation (higher in the TP) as opposed to the non-presuppositional interpretations associated with the lower NegP below TP. This chapter also analyses contrasts between SA maa on the one hand and laa and its variants on the other hand. These contrasts are related to scope readings, presupposition, mood and speech acts (commissive, directive, volitive, and (ir)realis). I argue that presuppositional negation is a product of the interplay between syntax and pragmatics. Specifically, I propose that presuppositional negative markers are higher in the syntactic structure. They occupy a position above the tense phrase in the clausal structure, namely NegP above TP (cf. Zanuttini 1997 for similar effects in various Romance). Pragmatically marked negation includes presuppositional negation, categorical negation and cleft-negation. The former two are in a NegP above TP, while the latter is in CP.

Freedom as a Skill

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 197-215
Author(s):  
K. R. Minogue
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Positive Liberty ◽  
The Will

The word ‘freedom’ leads a double life. As a rallying cry in the mouths of politicians and publicists, it features in speech acts which inspire men to brave endeavours. Freedom or death are the proffered alternatives, and they are generally linked with fatiguing dispositions such as vigilance. As a philosophical concept, on the other hand, freedom is a territory in which battles are fought about such issues as positivity and negativity, virtue, determinism and the character of the will. There is remarkably little connection between these two lives. Philosophers do not seem to take much interest in courage, and politicians do not tarry to specify whether it is negative or positive liberty they are talking about.

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