SPEECH ACTS IN POLICE INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWS

This study aimed at exploring the speech acts in police investigative interviews. The objectives of the study were to discover, to explain how types of speech acts used by the interviewers and interviewees in the police investigative interviews on Michael Brown’s case and to elaborate the reasons. This research applied descriptive qualitative method. The data were the utterances gathered from the interviewers and the interviewees in two different investigative interviews. They were then analyzed by using Searle’s Speech Acts theory. The findings revealed that the five types of speech acts, namely representative, directive, commissive, expressive and declarative were found in the first investigative interview. However, declarative was not found in the second investigative interview. The most dominant type from the two investigative interviews was representative speech act. The most dominant speech act performed by the detectives and special agents as the interviewers was directive speech act. The most dominant speech act performed by the suspect and the witness as the interviewee was representative speech act. The interviewers and interviewees performed them in two ways, direct - literal way and indirect - literal way, in which the direct - literal way was the most dominant one. The main reason why the interviewers performed directive speech act in the form of questioning, clarifying questioning and confirming questioning was to find facts and information. On the other hand, the interviewees performed the representative speech act in order to inform, explain, describe, affirm or deny. The direct - literal way was dominantly performed because all the participants want to avoid misunderstanding through ambiguous words or sentences since the investigative interviews are serious things.Keywords: interview, investigative interviews, speech acts

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JENIS TINDAK TUTUR YANG MENGIKUTI INTERJEKSI PANGGILAN DALAM BAHASA JEPANG

IZUMI ◽

10.14710/izumi.4.2.16-23 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Maharani Patria Ratna

Keyword(s):

Speech Acts ◽

Qualitative Method ◽

Speech Act ◽

The Other ◽

Other Hand ◽

Directive Speech Acts ◽

Directive Speech ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

[Types of Speech Acts Following Calling Interjection In Japanese] In speaking, there are times when a calling interjection can be followed by more than one type of speech acts. This research discusses the calling interjection which are used by male speakers in the film Brother Beat. In addition, this study also discussed what kind of speech acts that may follow the call in a speech interjection. The data in this study is a narrative that contains interjection calling spoken by male speakers in the Brother Beat movie. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. To get the data, the researcher usesscrutinize technique and tapping notes method. The results obtained in this research are, calling interjection, such as Anosa, oi, Anona, nee, you, and ano, are often used by male speakers to call the addressees. After the calling interjection, directive speech act and assertive speech act are speech act which appear to follow the calling interjection. Interjection ano sa, oi, anona, and ano, are types of calling interjection which can be followed by a directive speech acts and assertive speech act. In the other hand, calling interjection of nee, can be only followed by a directive speech act, while calling interjection of you can be followed by a ssertives speech act.

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Speech Acts in the Apprentice Asia TV Program

LINGUISTIK TERAPAN ◽

10.24114/lt.v12i2.2919 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Reza Pahlevi ◽

Amrin Saragih ◽

Anni Holila Pulungan

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Speech Acts ◽

Speech Act ◽

Task Type ◽

The Other ◽

Dominant Type ◽

Other Hand ◽

Tv Program

This study is concerned with the use of speech acts in The Apprentice Asia TV program. The objectives of this study were to describe, to explain the types of speech acts used by the host, advisors and contestants of The Apprentice Asia, and the reasons. The findings of this study showed that all types of speech acts, namely representative, directive, commissive, expressive and decalarative were used by the host and contestants, while the advisors did not use expressive and declarative. The dominant type of speech act used by the host was directive, while the advisors and contestants dominantly used representative speech act. The participants performed them by direct, indirect, literal and non-literal way. There were some reasons of using types of speech acts used by all participants. In order to get information from other participants about the performances of the contestants in running the task, type of speech acts used by the host was directive in the form of questioning. On the other hand, the advisors and contestants were the participants whose informations required by the host. Therefore, in responding what the host asked to them, they performed their speech acts through representative in the forms of informing. Key words : Apprentice Asia; Speech Acts;and TV program.

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Directive Speech Acts in Aisha Saeed’s Novel Amal Unbound

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202131702004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 317 ◽

pp. 02004

Author(s):

Amarylis Duta Pertiwi ◽

Mytha Candria ◽

Dwi Wulandari

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Social Status ◽

Speech Acts ◽

Social Practice ◽

Qualitative Method ◽

Speech Act ◽

Linguistic Data ◽

Illocutionary Acts ◽

Directive Speech Acts ◽

Directive Speech

Communication within society comprises diverse linguistic choices influenced by social interaction. This study discusses how structures of utterances and types of directive illocutionary acts pertain to the characters’ qualities and non-linguistic factors in Amal Unbound (2018) by Aisha Saeed. This analysis aims to find out the connection between utterances the characters’ qualities such as age, occupation, education, relationship, social status, and non-linguistic factor like the topic or purpose. The underlying theory used in this study is Bach and Harnish’s directive speech act categorization. This study was conducted using qualitative method since it involves discussion on linguistic data (words, phrases, sentences, and utterances). The result of the analysis shows that the utterances of the novel’s characters are affected by the quality they possess and surrounding non-linguistic factors. In conclusion, understanding illocutionary acts open our eyes of the significance of appropriate uses of language in social practice.

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TEKNIK PENERJEMAHAN TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF DALAM CERPEN DOKTOR SIHIR KARYA IWAYA SAZANAMI DAN LARILAH MELOS KARYA DAZAI OSAMU

IZUMI ◽

10.14710/izumi.4.2.42-55 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 42

Author(s):

Reny Wiyatasari

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Method ◽

Speech Act ◽

Japanese Literature ◽

The Other ◽

Literal Translation ◽

Usage Frequency ◽

Translation Technique ◽

Result Show ◽

Directive Speech ◽

Total Usage

This paper aims to identify the technique translation of directive speech act that used in two Japanese stories of Mahou Hakushi by Iwaya Sazanami and Hashire Merosu by Dazai Osamu. Those stories are two translation works of Japanese literature in the book of Antologi Kesusastraan Anak Jepang (Nihon Jidou bungaku Senshuu). This book contains children’s literature that translated from Japanese to Indonesian by Antonius Pujo. Those two stories selected because there are many speech act in that, and the directive is considered as most interesting speech act than the other ones. This paper used descriptive qualitative method. The total number of the collected data are 50. The result show there are seven types of translation technique with total usage frequency 72 times. Those techniques are as follow : amplification 18 times, linguistic amplification 16 times, estabilsh equivalent 15 times, literal translation 11 times, reduction 5 times, modulation 5 times, transposition 2 times.

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A Study of Imperative Usage in Biblical Hebrew and English

Studies in Language ◽

10.1075/sl.22.2.05myh ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 391-446

Author(s):

John Myhill

Keyword(s):

Cultural Differences ◽

Speech Acts ◽

Speech Act ◽

Biblical Hebrew ◽

The Other ◽

Structural Factors ◽

Other Hand ◽

Using Data ◽

The Relationship ◽

Interactive Factors

This paper reports the results of a detailed text-based study of the use of Imperative constructions in Biblical Hebrew and English, and shows that the two languages differ significantly in this regard. The use of the English Imperative in the database is conditioned largely by social and interactive factors, e.g. the relationship between the speaker and the listener, their relative social status, the sensitivity of the action of giving the command, the setting of the interaction, who will benefit from the action, etc.; on the other hand, the usage of the Imperative in the Hebrew database is mainly determined by semantic and structural factors, e.g. the point in time when the commanded action is to take place, the linguistic form of the preceding clause, whether the command is the first in a conversation, etc. The clear differences here show that there cannot be any uniform explanation about why Imperatives in general are used, as have been proposed in speech act theory (e.g. Searle 1975); on the other hand, these differences are sufficiently complex that they also cannot be accounted for with simple statements regarding cultural differences (e.g. Blum-Kulka 1991). The results of this study suggest that theories about speech acts should be based not upon philosophical speculations using data from a single language, or upon limited linguistic and cultural data carefully selected to support a particular theory, but upon extensive, detailed, and exhaustive linguistic analysis which will clearly establish the descriptive facts of speech act usage in a variety of languages.

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Kesantunan Tindak Tutur Bamamai dalam Bahasa Banjar: Berdasarkan Skala Kesantunan Leech

Ranah Jurnal Kajian Bahasa ◽

10.26499/rnh.v7i2.530 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 164 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

NFN Jahdiah

Keyword(s):

Social Distance ◽

Speech Acts ◽

Speech Act ◽

Distance Scale ◽

The Other ◽

Cost And Benefit ◽

Expressive Speech ◽

Social Distance Scale ◽

Other Hand ◽

Descriptive Qualitative

This study discusses speech act of bamamai (nagging) in Banjar language. Bamamai is an expressive speech act. Bamamai usually involves the speaker's emotion toward the speech partner when the speech is not in accordance with what the speaker wants. This research aims to describe bamamai speech acts based on Leech’s politeness scale. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data collected are descriptive, taken from the speakers’ conversations in Banjar language’s oral variety. The theory used in this research is the politeness scale by Leech, namely (1) cost and benefit scale, (2) optionality scale, (3) indirectness scale, (4) authority scale and (5) distance scale. The research shows that there are polite speeches in the bamamai (nagging) speech act because they are in accordance with Leech’s politeness scale, namely the indirectness, authority and optionality scale. On the other hand, there are impolite speeches in bamamai (nagging) speech act because they are not in accordance with the indirectness scale and social distance scale. AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas mengenai tindak tutur bamamai (mengomel) dalam bahasa Banjar. Bamamai termasuk tindak tutur ekspresif. Bamamai biasanya melibatkan emosi penutur kepada mitra tutur ketika tuturan mitra tutur tidak sesuai dengan yang diinginkan oleh penutur. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan tindak tutur bamamai berdasarkan skala kesantunan Leech. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskripsif kualitatif. Data yang dikumpulkan berbentuk deskriptif percakapan penutur berbahasa Banjar dalam ragam lisan. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini skala kesantunan yang dikemukakan oleh Leech, yaitu (1) skala kerugian dan keuntungan, (2) skala pilihan, (3) skala ketidaklangsungan, (4) skala keotoritasan, dan (5) skala jarak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam tindak tutur bamamai terdapat tuturan yang santun karena sesuai dengan skala kesantunan yang dikemukakan oleh Leech, yaitu skala ketidaklangsungan, keotoritasan, dan pilihan. Sebaliknya, dalam tindak tutur bamamai terdapat tuturan yang tidak santun karena tidak sesuai dengan skala ketidaklangsungan dan skala jarak sosial.

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Tindak Tutur Perlokusi dalam Novel Indigo Stories Karya Hanamizuki Mega

SUAR BETANG ◽

10.26499/surbet.v16i1.235 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ferdian Achsani

Keyword(s):

Speech Acts ◽

Speech Act ◽

Speech Act Theory ◽

The Novel ◽

Dominant Type ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

Directive Speech

This study aims to describe the form of perlocutionary speech acts found in the novel Indigo Stories. Thi is a qualitative descriptive research. The process of obtaining data was carried out through a documentation study which included reading techniques. The writer reads the novel over and over again and marks the parts of the dialogue that show it as a form of perlocutionary speech act using Searle's speech act theory. The results showed that there were several perlocutionary utterances in the Indigo Stories, such as representative, directive, expressive, commissive and declarative speech. The results showed that the most dominant type of speech found was directive which was marked by data findings of 37.86%. The type of directive speech that is mostly found is the form of speech to ask. Meanwhile, the least number of speeches found was the type of declarative speech, which was indicated by data findings of 6.25%. In this type of speech, only prohibiting speech forms are found. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk tindak tutur perlokusi yang terdapat pada novel Indigo Stories. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi dokumentasi dengan teknik baca. Penulis membaca novel secara berkali-kali dan menandai bagian-bagian dialog yang menunjukkan sebagai bentuk tindak tutur perlokusi dengan menggunakan teori tindak tutur Searle. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan beberapa bentuk tuturan perlokusi pada novel Indigo Stories, seperti tuturan representatif, direktif, ekspresif, komisif, dan deklaratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis tuturan yang paling dominan ditemukan adalah direktif, yaitu sebanyak 37,86%. Jenis tuturan direktif yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah bentuk tuturan meminta. Sementara itu, tuturan yang paling sedikit ditemukan adalah jenis tuturan deklaratif, yaitu sebanyak 6,25%. Pada jenis tuturan ini hanya ditemukan bentuk tuturan melarang.

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Denial

The Oxford Handbook of Negation ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198830528.013.21 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 46-57

Author(s):

David Ripley

Keyword(s):

Speech Acts ◽

Speech Act ◽

Lexical Item ◽

The Other ◽

Negative Aspect ◽

Other Hand ◽

Lexical Items

Denial is something we do; it is a speech act. Negation, on the other hand, is a particular lexical item. Despite being very different kinds of things, denial and negation certainly seem to have something to do with each other. There’s something negative about them both. This ‘negative’ aspect, whatever it is, unifies denial and negation across these categories. It is something that denial does not share with the speech act of assertion, for example, although they are both speech acts; nor does negation share it with, say, ‘must’, although they are both lexical items. There are a range of theories about the relationships between negation and denial. This article aims to give a brief overview of these theories, and to indicate some of the reasons for and against each.

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AN ANALYSIS OF DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS PRODUCED BY TEACHERS IN EFL CLASSROOM

Journal of English Language and Culture ◽

10.30813/jelc.v12i1.2823 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Putu Dinia Suryandani ◽

I Gede Budasi

Keyword(s):

Speech Acts ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

Speech Act ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

The Other ◽

Speech Communication ◽

Language Classes ◽

The World ◽

Directive Speech Acts ◽

Directive Speech

The teaching and learning process entails several encounters in which the teacher and students exchange a variety of utterances, particularly in language classes. Understanding language involves an understanding of pragmatics. Teaching and learning will be more successful if appropriate speech acts are used. Directive Speech Acts are a type of speech act that is frequently employed in classroom interactions. It is used by the teacher to give instruction, command the students to do something, limit the students’ bad behavior, etc. This study aims at investigating the types of directive speech acts and analyzing the functions of the acts used by English teachers at SMKN 1 Sawan. The theory of directive acts classification adopted in this study is the theory proposed by Ibrahim (1993). Ibrahim’s theory classified directive acts into six major types. They are requestive, question, requirement, prohibitive, permission and advisory. This research also focused on the functions of directive acts based on Amalsaleh, Yamini, and Yarmohammadi's (2004) theory. They are elicitation, instruction, advice, threat, and attention-getter. This research was a descriptive study with two teachers as the subjects of this research. Observation and recording were used as the technique in collecting the data. The validity of the data used is source and theory of triangulation. The results showed that the most frequent type of directive speech acts used by the teachers was question directive with occurance of 185 utterances (46.95%). Teachers that employ the question directive encourage students to be interested in the world around them, to enhance their abilities and attitudes toward science, and to enhance their speech communication and critical thinking. The other functions of the acts were also identified in various types of the acts.

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Directive Speech Act in The Movie “Sleeping Beauty”

Humaniora ◽

10.21512/humaniora.v4i2.3536 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 949

Author(s):

Muhartoyo Muhartoyo ◽

Keilly Kristani

Keyword(s):

Speech Acts ◽

Qualitative Method ◽

Speech Act ◽

Body Movement ◽

Sleeping Beauty ◽

The Body ◽

Library Research ◽

Character Reading ◽

Directive Speech Acts ◽

Directive Speech

Pragmatics is one of linguistics studies that is quite attractive to learn more about. There are many aspects of pragmatics; one of them is dealing with speech acts. Speech acts consist of many categories; one of them is directive speech act. This study aims to identify the directive speech act performed in “Sleeping Beauty” movie. Likewise, it will find out how often the directive speech act performed and which type of directive speech act that are most frequently used in the movie. This study used qualitative method in which data collection is done by watching the movie, analyzing the body movement and the dialogues of each character, reading the script and library research. A total of 139 directive speech acts were successfully identified. The result of analysis showed that the directive speech act of ordering is the most frequently used in the movie (21,6%). The least frequently used directive speech act is inviting directive speech act (0,7%). The study also revealed the importance of directive speech act in keeping the flow of storyline of the movie. This study is expected to give some useful insights in understanding what directive speech acts is.

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