Pathological Prosody

2020 ◽  
pp. 485-496
Author(s):  
Diana Van Lancker Sidtis ◽  
Seung-yun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cerebellar Disease ◽  
Pitch Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere Damage ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Temporal Measures ◽  
Prosodic Processing

Prosody in speech arises from fundamental frequency (f0), temporal measures, amplitude, and voice quality. These parameters in various combinations signal linguistic, emotional-attitudinal, and personal identity information. Prosodic processing engages cortical, subcortical, cerebellar, and brainstem systems, and damage to any of these can result in dysprosody. Despite the crucial role played by prosody in communication, little attention has been paid to clinical evaluation and even less to treatment. Numerous research studies of deficient emotional prosodic production and recognition reveal temporal deficits in association with left hemisphere damage and pitch processing failure in right hemisphere damage. Limited attempts at linguistic-prosodic testing suggest that damage to either cerebral hemisphere or to subcortical systems can affect production as well as comprehension. Treatment of linguistic dysprosody has revealed challenges in protocol design and performance evaluation. Prosodic insufficiency, present in cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar disease, has substantial implications for communicative function and deserves to be a strong focus of future research.

scholarly journals Acoustic Measures of Prosody in Right-Hemisphere Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Weed ◽  
Riccardo Fusaroli
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Bayesian Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Right Hemisphere Damage

AbstractThe right hemisphere has often been claimed to be a locus for affective prosody, and people with right-hemisphere damage (RHD) have often been reported to show impairments in this domain. This phenomenon has been primarily investigated in terms of perception, more rarely in terms of production, and more rarely still using acoustic analysis. Our goal was to systematically review the papers reporting acoustic features of prosodic production in RHD, to identify strengths and weaknesses in this field, suggest guidelines for future research, and to support cumulative research by estimating the meta-analytic effect size of those features. We queried PubMed, PsychINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using the following combination of search terms: (prosody OR intonation OR inflection OR intensity OR pitch OR fundamental frequency OR speech rate OR voice quality) AND (RHD OR right hemisphere) AND (stroke) AND (acoustic). Standardized mean differences were extracted from all papers meeting inclusion criteria, and aggregated effect sizes were estimated using hierarchical Bayesian regression models. Sixteen papers met our inclusion criteria. We did not find strong evidence in the literature to indicate that the prosodic productions of people with RHD is substantially different from that of NBD controls, when measured in terms of acoustic features. However, the acoustic features of productions by people with RHD did differ from those of participants with NBD and LHD in some ways, notably in F0 variation and pause duration. Prosody type (emotional vs. linguistic) had very little effect. Taken together, currently available data show only a weak effect of RHD on prosody production. However, more accurate analyses are hindered by small sample sizes, lack of detail on lesion location, and divergent measuring techniques. Cumulative open science practices are recommended to overcome these issues.

Right Hemisphere Damage and Prosody

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A. Leon ◽  
Amy D. Rodriguez ◽  
John C. Rosenbek
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Speech Prosody ◽  
Right Hemisphere Damage ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Acoustic Analyses ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Communication requires interdependent functioning of large portions of the brain, and damage to any of these systems can disrupt effective and appropriate communication. Damage to the right hemisphere or basal ganglia can result in difficulty using or understanding prosodic contours in speech. Prosody includes pitch, loudness, rate, and voice quality, and is used to convey emotional connotation or linguistic intent. A disorder in the comprehension or production of prosody is known as aprosodia; affective aprosodia is a specific deficit affecting emotional or affective prosodic contours. The right hemisphere has been shown to play a critical role in processing emotional prosody and aprosodia syndromes resulting from damage to right hemisphere areas have been proposed. These include an expressive aprosodia resulting from anterior damage and a receptive aprosodia resulting from more posterior damage. Assessment and diagnosis of aprosodia in clinical settings are often perceptually based; however, acoustic analyses of means and ranges of frequency, intensity, and rate provide an instrumented analysis of prosody production. The treatment of aprosodia following stroke has received scant attention in comparison to other disorders of communication, although a few studies investigating cognitive–linguistic and imitative treatments have reported some positive results.

The Role of Fundamental Frequency and Duration in the Perception of Linguistic Stress by Individuals With Brain Damage

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari R. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Hemispheric Lateralization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Right Hemisphere Damage ◽  
Prosodic Processing ◽  
Better Than

Two tests of the ability of individuals with left-hemisphere damage (LHD) and right-hemisphere damage (RHD) and non-brain-damaged participants to identify phonemic and emphatic stress contrasts were undertaken. From a set of naturallyproduced base stimuli, two additional stimulus sets were derived. In one, fundamental frequency (F 0 ) cues to stress were neutralized, whereas in the other duration cues were effectively neutralized. Results demonstrated that individuals with LHD were unable to identify phonemic stress contrasts with better-thanchance accuracy; individuals with RHD performed worse than normal participants but significantly better than the patients with LHD—particularly with the original full-cue stimuli. All groups performed better on the emphatic stress subtest, with the scores of only the patients with LHD at chance level for the F 0 -neutralized stimuli. The findings are considered in relation to hypotheses concerning the hemispheric lateralization of prosodic processing, particularly with respect to a hypothesis that posits differential lateralization for specific acoustic parameters.

ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reeta Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
And Performance

Employee’s perception regarding fairness in the organization is termed as organizational justice. The objective of this paper is to study the antecedents and consequences of organizational justice on the basis of earlier relevant studies from the period ranging from 1964 to 2015. Previous research identified employee participation, communication, justice climate as the antecedents and trust, job satisfaction, commitment, turnover intentions, organizational citizenship behavior and performance as the consequences of organizational justice. Finding reveals the gaps existing in the literature and gives suggestions for future research work.

The Contingent Effect of Team Composition on the Performance of Entrepreneurial Teams

2019 ◽  
pp. 654-680
Author(s):  
Serghei Musaji ◽  
Julio De Castro
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Team Composition ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Team Diversity ◽  
Entrepreneurial Teams ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Active Debate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the continuous interest in studying entrepreneurial teams, the relationship between team composition and, particularly, team diversity and performance remains fertile ground for active debate. Taking roots in the knowledge-based view and organizational learning literatures, this chapter argues that performance in entrepreneurial teams is contingent on (a) the overlap between team members’ knowledge/competences and the content of the performed tasks, (b) the duplication of the team members’ knowledge in the areas with that content, (c) the nature of tasks (exploration or exploitation), (d) the team’s flexibility to adapt to changes in the content and nature of those tasks, and (e) the rate of environmental change. Because an important source of ambiguity in the understanding of how team diversity and performance are linked ties to issues of how team diversity is conceptualized and operationalized, the chapter also proposes a new way of looking at diversity in future research.

Positive Workplaces

2009 ◽  
pp. 578-588
Author(s):  
Fred Luthans ◽  
Carolyn M. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Organizational Behavior ◽  
Performance Impact ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Psychological Capacities

Over the years, both management practitioners and academics have generally assumed that positive workplaces lead to desired outcomes. Unlike psychology, considerable attention has also been devoted to the study of positive topics such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment. However, to place a scientifically based focus on the role that positivity may play in the development and performance of human resources, and largely stimulated by the positive psychology initiative, positive organizational behavior (POB) and psychological capital (PsyCap) have recently been introduced into the management literature. This chapter first provides an overview of both the historical and contemporary positive approaches to the workplace. Then, more specific attention is given to the meaning and domain of POB and PsyCap. Our definition of POB includes positive psychological capacities or resources that can be validly measured, developed, and have performance impact. The constructs that have been determined so far to best meet these criteria are efficacy, hope, optimism, and resiliency. When combined, they have been demonstrated to form the core construct of what we term psychological capital (PsyCap). A measure of PsyCap is being validated and this chapter references the increasing number of studies indicating that PsyCap can be developed and have performance impact. The chapter concludes with important future research directions that can help better understand and build positive workplaces to meet current and looming challenges.

Verbal comprehension deficits after right hemisphere damage

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Hier ◽  
Joni Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Verbal Comprehension ◽  
Visuospatial Deficits ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Right Hemisphere Damage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Grammatical Sentence

ABSTRACTWe have compared the verbal comprehension abilities of 34 right hemisphere damaged patients to 16 hospitalized control subjects of comparable age and educational attainment. The right hemisphere damaged patients performed as well as the control subjects on a vocabulary test, but were impaired in their ability to interpret proverbs and comprehend logico-grammatical sentences. Impairment on the proverbs test was the result of a decrease in the number of abstract interpretations, whereas impairment on the logico-grammatical sentence comprehension test was related to difficultes in grasping spatial and passive relationships. These comprehension impairments tended to correlate with visuospatial deficits and hemianopia, but not with the degree of hemiparesis or the presence of sensory extinction. Patients with anterior right hemisphere damage performed better on the logico-grammatical sentence conprehension test than patients with posterior damage. A variety of factors probably contribute to these verbal deficits including impaired intellect, inattention, an inability to grasp spatial relationships, and difficulties in manipulating the inner schemata of language.

scholarly journals Concussion in para sport: the first position statement of the Concussion in Para Sport (CIPS) Group

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-103696
Author(s):  
Richard Weiler ◽  
Cheri Blauwet ◽  
David Clarke ◽  
Kristine Dalton ◽  
Wayne Derman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
Position Statement ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Concussion Management ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Specific Rule ◽  
And Performance

Concussion is a frequent injury in many sports and is also common in para athletes. However, there is a paucity of concussion research related to para sport, and prior International Concussion in Sport (CIS) consensus papers have not substantively addressed this population. To remedy this and to improve concussion care provided to para athletes, the concussion in para sport (CIPS) multidisciplinary expert group was created. This group analysed and discussed in-depth para athlete-specific issues within the established key clinical domains of the current (2017) consensus statement on CIS. Due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the group held all meetings by video conferencing. The existing Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT5) for the immediate on-field and office-based off-field assessment of concussion was evaluated as part of this process, to identify any para athlete-specific concerns. Regular preparticipation and periodic health examinations are essential to determine a baseline reference point for concussion symptoms but pose additional challenges for the interpreting clinician. Further considerations for concussion management for the para athlete are required within the remove, rest, reconsider and refer consensus statement framework. Considering return to sport (RTS), the 2017 CIS consensus statement has limitations when considering the RTS of the para athlete. Case-by-case decision making related to RTS following concussion is imperative for para athletes. Additional challenges exist for the evaluation and management of concussion in para athletes. There is a need for greater understanding of existing knowledge gaps and attitudes towards concussion among athlete medical staff, coaches and para athletes. Future research should investigate the use and performance of common assessment tools in the para athlete population to better guide their clinical application and inform potential modifications. Concussion prevention strategies and sport-specific rule changes, such as in Para Alpine Skiing and Cerebral Palsy Football, also should be carefully considered to reduce the occurrence of concussion in para athletes.

scholarly journals No Evidence of Perceptual Pseudoneglect in Alexithymia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Carmelo Mario Vicario ◽  
Gabriella Martino ◽  
Alex Marcuzzo ◽  
Giuseppe Craparo
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Line Bisection ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Bisection Task ◽  
Rightward Shift ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Line Bisection Task ◽  
Tas 20

Neuroscience research links alexithymia, the difficulty in identifying and describing feelings and emotions, with left hemisphere dominance and/or right hemisphere deficit. To provide behavioral evidence for this neuroscientific hypothesis, we explored the relationship between alexithymia and performance in a line bisection task, a standard method for evaluating visuospatial processing in relation to right hemisphere functioning. We enrolled 222 healthy participants who completed a version of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), which measures alexithymia, and were asked to mark (bisect) the center of a 10-cm horizontal segment. The results document a significant rightward shift in the center of the line in participants with borderline and manifest alexithymia compared with non-alexithymic individuals. The higher the TAS-20 score, the greater the rightward shift in the line bisection task. This finding supports the right hemisphere deficit hypothesis in alexithymia and suggests that visuospatial abnormalities may be an important component of this mental condition.

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