Revolution in the Hispanic World, 1808–1816

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime E. Rodríguez O.
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Nation States ◽  
New Nation ◽  
Modern Nation State

The collapse of the Spanish monarchy in 1808 precipitated a political revolution that shattered that worldwide polity into new nation-states, among them Spain itself. In the wake of France's invasion of the Iberian Peninsula, three broad movements emerged in the Spanish world: the struggle against the invaders, the great political revolution that sought to transform the Spanish monarchy into a modern nation-state with one of the most radical constitutions of the nineteenth century, and a fragmented insurgency in America that relied on force to secure home rule. Elections to form a representative government for the Spanish world were held in the midst of a crisis of confidence. As their first act, the deputies to the Cortes of Cádiz declared themselves representatives of the nation and assumed sovereignty. The insurgencies and civil wars that engulfed some regions of Spanish America were a response to the same events that generated the constitutional political revolution. Both movements sought to maintain the Spanish monarchy as an independent political entity and to expand local political authority and representation.

International Human Rights, Religious Pluralism and the Future of Chieftaincy in Ghana

Exchange ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abamfo Atiemo
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Nation ◽  
Religious Reasons ◽  
Customary Practices

AbstractA revolutionary development that resulted from Africa's experience of colonialism was the emergence of the nation-state made up of previously separate ethnic states. By the end of the colonial period the rulers of these ethnic states — the chiefs — had lost most of their real political and judicial powers to the political leaders of the new nation-states. But in spite of the loss of effective political power the chiefs continued to wield moral influence over members of their ethnic groups. The limited reach of the nation-state in the post-colonial era has also meant a dependence on the chiefs, in many cases, for aspects of local governance. This, for example, is the case of Ghana. However, in the modern context of religious pluralism the intimate bond between the chiefs and the traditional religion exacerbates tension in situations of conflict between people's loyalty to the traditional state and their religious commitment. In some cases, chiefs invoke customary laws in attempt to enforce sanctions against individuals who refuse to observe certain customary practices for religious reasons. But this has implications for the human rights of citizens. This article discusses the implications of this situation for the future of chieftaincy as well as prospects for the protection of the human rights of citizens who for religious reasons choose to stay away from certain communal customary practices.

scholarly journals Straddling the Border: A Marginal History of Guerrilla Warfare and ‘Counter-Insurgency’ in the Indonesian Borderlands, 1960s–1970s

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1423-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL EILENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Guerrilla Warfare ◽  
Nation State ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Nation States ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Nation ◽  
International Border

AbstractPost-independence ethnic minorities inhabiting the Southeast Asian borderlands were willingly or unwillingly pulled into the macro politics of territoriality and state formation. The rugged and hilly borderlands delimiting the new nation-states became battlefronts of state-making and spaces of confrontation between divergent political ideologies. In the majority of the Southeast Asian borderlands, this implied violent disruption in the lives of local borderlanders that came to affect their relationship to their nation-state. A case in point is the ethnic Iban population living along the international border between the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan and the Malaysian state of Sarawak on the island of Borneo. Based on local narratives, the aim of this paper is to unravel the little known history of how the Iban segment of the border population in West Kalimantan became entangled in the highly militarized international disputes with neighbouring Malaysia in the early 1960s, and in subsequent military co-operative ‘anti-communist’ ‘counter-insurgency’ efforts by the two states in the late 1960–1970s. This paper brings together facets of national belonging and citizenship within a borderland context with the aim of understanding the historical incentives behind the often ambivalent, shifting and unruly relationship between marginal citizens like the Iban borderlanders and their nation-state.

The Independence of New Spain and the Establishment of the Mexican Republic, 1808–1824

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime E. Rodríguez O.
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
New Spain ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Institutional Relationships ◽  
Modern Nation State

The independence of New Spain was not the result of an anti-colonial struggle. Rather, it was a consequence of a great political revolution that culminated in the dissolution of the Spanish Monarchy, a world-wide political system. The movement was an integral part of the broader process that was transforming antiguo régimen societies into modern liberal nation states. The new country of Mexico that emerged from the break up of the Spanish Monarchy retained many of the shared institutions, traditions, and practices of the past. Although political ideas, structures and practices evolved rapidly after 1808, antiguo régimen social, economic, and institutional relationships changed slowly. Throughout this period of transformation, new political processes and liberal institutions merged with established traditions and practices. Two broad movements emerged in the Spanish World, a great political revolution that sought to transform the Spanish Monarchy into a modern nation state with the most radical constitution of the 19th century, and a fragmented insurgency that relied on force to secure local autonomy or home rule. These two overlapping processes influenced in a variety of ways. Neither can be understood in isolation.

Migration, Membership, and the Modern Nation-State: Internal and External Dimensions of the Politics of Belonging

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogers Brubaker
Keyword(s):  
State Model ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
Modern Nation State

The politics of belonging—political struggles about the membership status of populations both within and outside the geographical confines of particular nation-states—derive from four conditions: (1) the migration of borders over people, (2) the deep and enduring inequalities between mainstream and minority populations, (3) the persisting legacies of empire, and (4) the migration of people over borders. New forms of external membership represent an extension and adaptation of the nation-state model, not its transcendence.

The Romantic Construction of Greece

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderick Beaton
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Lord Byron ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Aesthetic Movement ◽  
Language Reform ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Modern Nation State ◽  
Public Architecture

Greece as a modern nation-state is itself a product of European Romanticism. Once revolution broke out in 1821, the conflict was successfully internationalized by mobilizing European ‘romantic’ ideas about ancient Greece, in the service of ‘reviving’ a long-suppressed but latent nation—ideas espoused in different ways by the leading English Romantic poets of the time, P. B. Shelley and Lord Byron. Romanticism as a literary and aesthetic movement first makes its appearance in Greek in the 1820s. Its impact is observed in poetry, fiction, public architecture, and language reform. In the mid-nineteenth century historicism arrives in Greece. The projection of thecontemporaryGreek nation back through three thousand years of history is an essentially Romantic endeavour. In literature, the effects of Romanticism are slow to fade. In the poetry of Kostis Palamas (1859–1943) the uneasy synthesis of the different phases of the Greek past with the present reaches its fullest exploration.

The Aesthetics and Politics of Colonial Collecting: India at World Fairs

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Breckenridge
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Aesthetics And Politics ◽  
World Fairs ◽  
International Exhibitions ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Nation State

In the second half of the nineteenth century, objects from India were repeatedly assembled for display at international exhibitions, known then and now as world fairs. Their transience and ephemerality set world fairs apart as extraordinary phenomena in the world of collecting. They are special because, despite the permanence they imply, they do not last; they come and they go. Their buildings are constructed, and then, by international charter, they are deconstructed. They are also special because they place objects in the service of commerce and in the service of the modern nation—state, with the inevitable imperial encounters that these two forces promote. In doing so, they yoke cultural material with aesthetics, politics and pragmatics.

11. Federal and local government institutions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Post War ◽  
Modern Nation State

This chapter focuses on federal and local government institutions. More specifically, it considers the ways in which territorial governance has been understood and implemented within the nation-state model. The territorial organization of nation-states may be either federal or unitary, although each of these categories may be further categorized as being either more or less decentralized. The welfare states of the post-war period represent the culmination of the nation-state-building process and placed emphasis on central control over sub-national levels of government. The chapter begins with a discussion of the modern nation-state and territorial governance, citing the rise of nationalism in unitary states and federal states. It then considers territorial governance in welfare states, along with the classical distinction between federal and unitary states. It also examines trends towards regionalization and decentralization in unitary states before concluding with an assessment of local government and local autonomy.

America’s Blackbeard

2018 ◽  
pp. 25-48
Author(s):  
Sharada Balachandran Orihuela
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
State Building ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Central Character ◽  
Historical Novels ◽  
Property Ownership ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Novela Historica ◽  
State Growth ◽  
American Nation

This chapter examines the ways early nineteenth century authors framed piracy as an instrument of state growth, anti-colonial resistance, as well as a rationale for imperial expansion and intervention in the Americas in William Gilmore Simms’s The Yemassee (1835), John Brougham’s 1857 play Columbus, El Filibustero!, James Fenimore Cooper’s The Red Rover: A Tale (1829) and The Water Witch; or, The Skimmer of the Seas (1830), as well as El Filibustero: Novela Historica (1864), written by Yucatec author Eligio Ancona. In a climate of rapid national expansion, nineteenth century authors used the pirate as a central character to plot national(ist) narratives. Given piracy’s relationship to both state-building and anti-colonial enterprises, as well as piracy’s capacity to both facilitate and threaten property ownership, piracy helps us understand the radical and repressive regimes of American power. The historical novels examined in this chapter are interested in the shadowy origins of the American nation-state, as much as they are with the potentially conflicted present and future of these nation-states.

The Formation of the Argentine Public Primary and Secondary School System

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
School System ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Primary And Secondary School ◽  
Modern Nation State

With the acceptance of the Federal Constitution of 1853 by the province of Buenos Aires in 1862 and the assumption of the presidency of the Nation by Bartolomé Mitre, the main constitutional problem besetting the region since independence was, in theory at least, solved. The permanent location of the capital had not been settled, but a national government was a reality. Leaders who had brought about the downfall of Rosas, negotiated an end to full-scale civil war, and organized the outline of the patria grande now faced new challenges. The spirit of anarchy, the rule of force, provincial allegiances, and a widely scattered, largely illiterate population were awesome impediments to the creation of a modern nation state. The response to these problems by the politicians, economists, scholars, technocrats, artists, and soldiers of Argentina during the last forty years of the nineteenth century, working towards the goal of a unified, peaceful and cultivated nation, is an enthralling topic.

scholarly journals THE JEWISH QUESTION, SECULARIZATION AND THE NATION-STATE CRISIS IN HANNAH ARENDT: FOR A POLITICS OF PLURALITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-205
Author(s):  
Tomas Borovinsky
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Before And After ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
Modern Nation State

In the present paper we intend to rethink the “Jewish question”, in the context of religion’s secularization and the modern nation-state crisis, in Hannah Arendt’s political thought. She writes, on the other hand, in and over the decline of modern nation-states that expel and denationalize both foreign citizens and their own depending on the case. She also thinks as a Jew from birth who suffers persecutions and particularly theorizes on her Jew condition and the future of Judaism before and after the creation of the State of Israel. As we will see during this paper we can identify these three issues all together, particularly in the Zionist experience: modern secularization, decline of the nation-state and the “Jewish question”. And it is from these intertwined elements that we can draw a critical thinking for a politics of pluralism.

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