Fieldwork and Collecting

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Consumer Research ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Museum Studies ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
The Status

Studies of collecting and fieldwork in the disciplines of archaeology and socio-cultural anthropology are relatively undeveloped, but in the last decade there has been a noticeable rise in interest as part of a broader reflexivity in the practices of these and related disciplines. Collecting, studied from a psychological perspective has a longer history, especially through Freudian interpretations that linked it with the anal retentive stage, thus associating it with certain personality traits. However, as part of a wider discourse, it is a fairly recent topic of investigation and has been generally approached either in the context of consumer research or more commonly, museum studies. This article traces the consequences of fieldwork and ways of interpreting the same. This distinction shares a similar focus on retrieving and collecting material culture. This article further discusses the status of fieldwork as it is today with special reference to anthropology and archaeology.

Consumption

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dietler
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dramatic Growth

The main focus of this article is consumption. Consumption is a material social practice involving the utilization of objects, as opposed to their production or distribution. Some scholars, who argue for the recent development of a distinctive ‘consumer society’ during the modern period, would define it even more specifically as the utilization of commodities, but this seems unnecessarily restrictive. Consumption was recognized as the social process by which people construct the symbolically laden material worlds they inhabit and which, reciprocally, act back upon them in complex ways. This article offers a brief review of recent studies of consumption, with an emphasis on the fields of archaeology and socio-cultural anthropology. It examines the dramatic growth of a general analytical focus on this practice and the relationship to an expanding interest in the study of material culture. Finally, the issue of methodology is briefly assessed, with special reference to the requirements for developing an effective archaeology of consumption.

scholarly journals A Study on the Problems and Prospects of Women Entrepreneurs with Special Reference to Guwahati City

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 409-418
Author(s):  
Priyanka Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Work Conflict ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Status ◽  
Guwahati City ◽  
The City

Women entrepreneur is a person who accepts challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent. Entrepreneurship is an economic activity that involves designing, launching and running a new business enterprise in order to earn the profit by fully and efficiently utilizing the resources.The present paper tries to highlight the problems and prospects of women entrepreneurs with special reference to Guwahati city and makes analysis on the basis of the following criteria viz,age of the respondents, marital status of the respondents, educational qualification,years of experience,type of family,caste of the respondents,reason to start the business,motivation to start the business, marketing and financial problems faced by the women entrepreneurs, family-work conflict,production constraint faced by the women entrepreneurs, steps to be undertaken for development of women entrepreneurs etc and for analysis the researcher has conducted its study on the basis of primary data where the information were collected through well framed questionnaire meant for women entrepreneurs and secondary sources like journals,books,articles,websites etc.The paper also present certain findings of the study and also provide certain suggestions for improving the status of women entrepreneurs in the city.

scholarly journals Elitism and Status: Reassessing Settlement Hierarchy in Early Medieval England

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-42
Author(s):  
Hana Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Medieval England ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Scholarly Attention

The complexities of identifying and understanding settlement hierarchy in early medieval England (c. 5th–11th centuries) is the focus of much debate. Within this field of enquiry, settlement arrangements, architecture, landholding patterns and material culture are commonly used in the identification of a range of settlement types. These include royal complexes, monastic institutions, towns and trading/production sites such as emporia. This same evidence is also used to interpret the status and role of these sites in early medieval England. This paper advances the current understanding of settlement hierarchy through an assessment of rural settlements and their material culture. These settlements have received comparatively less scholarly attention than higher profile early medieval sites such as elite, ecclesiastical and urban centres, yet represent a rich source of information. Through analysis of material culture as evidence for the consumption, economic and social functions which characterise rural settlements, a picture of what were inherently complex communities is presented. The findings further support the need to reassess settlement hierarchy in early medieval England and a new hierarchical model is proposed.  

Improvisation: Music for an Occasion

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Prévost
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
World Music ◽  
General Survey ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The Status ◽  
Western European ◽  
Communicative Power ◽  
The Impact

The case is put for improvisation as the basis for world music, with special reference to flexibility of the blues and the gamelan. An overview of the impact of society on music leads to a general survey of the status of improvisation in pre-industrial Western European culture. Improvisation is contrasted with composition and consideration is given to the problems of providing education in improvisation without destroying its vitality and communicative power.

Memorial Museum: Existential Optics of Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-2) ◽  
pp. 389-409
Author(s):  
Lev Letyagin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Memorial Museum ◽  
The Status ◽  
Historical Authenticity ◽  
Key Aspects

The modern museum is not only in the sphere of mass interests, but also serves as a reflection and expression of certain mass trends. While maintaining the status of a classical cultural institution, it was to a large extent precisely the museum that has become an arena of public discord on determining the strategies of cultural reproduction. This issue gains a pronouncedly contentious character due to the rapid development of information formats of traditional leisure now including interactive technologies, arbitrary historical reconstructions, elements of theatricalization. In “Escape from Amnesia” (A. Huyssen) the ‘society of total spectacle’ demands searching for new means, which often contribute to loss and substitution of values. The visitor’s interest towards the history of the quotidian greatly influences the dynamics of changing the creative potential of a museum, predominantly a memorial museum. Long-term practices of modeling the historical space reveal the internal form of the concept of ‘ex-position’. This is the natural cause of an internal conflict, when being ‘arranged in a straight line’ replaces the principles of accurate and documentally verified positioning of memorial objects. ‘Museumness’ should not supplant ‘the quotidian’, ‘the existential’; however, the functional principle of arranging the objects, their ‘pattern’ is often replaced by the composite approach, in which ‘decorative’ or ‘design’ solutions become dominant. This trend actively competes with the key theoretical foundations of museum source studies, and the traditional museum is increasingly transforming into a kind of parallel model of culture. The memorial object, as a fact of intellectual history, is significant within the material culture and spiritual heritage. At the same time, the alleged meanings and false semiotization often substitute the biographical realities, when ‘fit for exposition’ is everything that the mass museum visitor connects in his mind with his arbitrary understanding of the past. These are key aspects of the subject of modern museum criticism. This article discloses our understanding of the memorial exposition as a self-organizing system with a certain aesthetic code. Methodologically significant is the existential turn towards ‘evidence paradigm’ – giving up the impersonal demonstration of old things. This is a turn towards the model ‘things-speak’ (self-awareness, self-disclosure of things) – towards the structure that communicates ideas and life meanings. It is where the memorial object, understood as ‘message’, ‘material communication’, can disclose the fullness of its historical authenticity.

Status of Indian Wetlands With Special Reference to Pesticides and Their Impact

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-83
Author(s):  
Javid Manzoor ◽  
Manoj Sharma ◽  
Irfan Rashid Sofi ◽  
Mufida Fayaz ◽  
Musadiq Hussain Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Mangrove Trees ◽  
Harmful Effects

Wetlands are home to numerous species of fish, birds, and reptiles. The enormous roots of the mangrove trees act as shelter to small fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Pesticides and agro-chemical fertilizers have been playing a very pivotal role in the degradation of the land and the water bodies. The different herbicides that are present in wetlands are Dicamba, Endothall, MCPA, Triallate, Trifluralin, 2, 4-D, and insecticides Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Fenvalerate, Malathion, Parathion, and Terbufos. These pesticides have been provided with the aim of catering to the security of the crops which are highly vulnerable to the pests. However, harmful effects of pesticides on wetland species have been a concern for long time. Wetlands constitute one such habitat threatened by the pesticides. But there has been a lack of comprehensive research in this direction. The chapter will identify the gaps in the current research and will review the status of Indian wetlands with special reference to pesticides and their impact.

Introduction and Background

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K. Hodgkinson
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Status ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
New Kingdom ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Goods ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Control

This book aims to establish knowledge of the infrastructure and organization of the excavated cities in Late Bronze Age (LBA), or New Kingdom Egypt (c.1550–1069 BC), and provide an understanding of the accessibility and control of the high-status products and the raw materials and tools used for their manufacture. This is done by analysing the distribution of the artefactual and structural evidence of the manufacture of high-status goods from three sites used as case-studies, namely Amarna, in Middle Egypt, Gurob, in the Faiyum region, and Malqata, in ancient Thebes (Chapters 2–5). It attempts to achieve some knowledge of the control and distribution of the finished goods, highlighting buildings and areas in the settlements that were involved in the production, and others that would be the consumers of high-status goods. By detecting some mutual patterns between the sites analysed, it has been possible to achieve an understanding of urban high-status manufacture throughout the New Kingdom and its influence on the internal organization and status of settlements. Moving inwards, the study then focuses on workshops, their layouts and functionality (Chapters 6 and 7). A number of research questions will be answered, which address the issues of settlement status, craft production and its social context, the character of workshops as well as their influence on LBA settlements. These questions are presented in Sections 1.1–1.6 together with the data and methods used to address them. In the discussion of the status of a larger settlement we have to take into account the work and opinions of previous scholars. Trigger, for instance, differentiates between two approaches to settlement archaeology as a whole: (a) one focusing on the location, size, spacing, material culture, and activities, as opposed to another (b) focusing on the interactions of their environmental, economic, and technological determinants. While much information concerning the first approach existed by this date, he states that at the time of publication (in the early 1970s) there was still a lack of understanding concerning the economic and technological interactions within the settlements.

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