Language

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-43
Author(s):  
Martin Hinterberger
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Modern Reader ◽  
Linguistic System ◽  
Linguistic Rules ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
Contemporary Context

Byzantine Greek was a highly developed and artful language with close ties both to the living language of the time and to a centuries-old literary heritage. Like all humans, the Byzantines grew up with their mother tongue; for those of Greek-speaking background and in Greek-speaking contexts, this was the spoken medieval Greek. Those who had the privilege to obtain education adopted—to various degrees—linguistic elements of older stages of the Greek language in order to compose their texts. Many of these older linguistic elements were used in a seemingly “arbitrary” way when compared to the linguistic rules of ancient Greek. Viewed in their contemporary context, however, these elements were creatively incorporated into a linguistic system which was essentially based on the contemporary language and was consistent in itself. The creative blend of traditional and modern features—though not readily accessible to the modern reader—and the tension between them left ample space for personal choices. This is precisely what makes the language of Byzantine literature a particularly exciting topic.

scholarly journals Andrew Libadenos. Confession of Faith

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-77
Author(s):  
И. Г. Приходько
Keyword(s):  
Greek Language ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Literary Heritage

В статье даётся описание жизни и творчества византийского автора Андрея Ливадина, который жил в Трапезундской империи в XIV в. Особое внимание отводится биографии византийского автора, изложенной на основании труда греческого ученого О. Лампсидиса; описывается литературное наследие Ливадина с указанием изданий и общей характеристики его трудов; приводятся сведения о причине, времени, языке и содержании «Исповедании веры» Андрея Ливадина и дается комментированный перевод с древнегреческого языка данного произведения. The article describes the life and work of Andrew Libadenos, the Byzantine author who lived in the Trebizond Empire in the XIV century. Special attention is paid to his biography, set out on the basis of the work of the Greek scientist O. Lampsides; describes the literary heritage of Livadin, indicating the editions and general characteristics of his works; provides information about the reason, time, language and content of the «Confession of Faith» by Andrew Libadenos and provides a commented translation of this work from the Ancient Greek language.

scholarly journals Somatic Phraseological Units with the Component“Heart” in Ancient Greek Tragedies of the Classical Age

2018 ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Tyrnova
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Cognitive Metaphor ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
Slow Heart Rate ◽  
Classical Age

The article explores phraseological units with the somatic component “heart”, which serve to denote emotions, psychological states and feelings in the Ancient Greek language of the classical age. The authors analyze the meaning of the verbs, used in the structure of the somatic phraseological units and compound metaphors with the somatic word “heart”. It is determined that more than hundred somatic phraseological units with the component καρδία / κραδίη / κῆρ “heart” are used in Greek tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides and 62 units of them serve to denote emotions, psychological states and feelings. It is revealed that somatic phraseological units with the component “heart”, which denote negative emotions and feelings, are predominant in the language of Greek tragedies. In particular, these emotions and feelings are sadness, sorrow, fear, anger, annoyance, irritation, malice, mental pain, despair and depression. The sphere of positive emotions, such as joy, exaltation, satisfaction, calmness and pacification, represented by the language material show the correlation of 15 % to 85 % with the phraseological units of negative meaning. It is found out that the meaning of verbs, used as a part of the phraseological unit, refer to physical action, which is committed over the heart, particularly harm, violence and abuse, physical pain, fast or slow heart rate, cold or hot feelings. In the phraseological units, which denote depression and despair, verbs indicate causing physical injuries of heart, for example, θλίβω “squeeze”,“compress”, δάκνω “bite”, μαστιγόω “slash”, ἐκτήκω “melt”. The verbs, used in the phraseological units with the meaning of fear, indicate changes of heart’s temperature and its pace, for instance ζωπυρέω “flare up”, ὀρχέομαι “dance”. Mental anxiety is verbalized via the cognitive metaphor “heart – water”, therefore waves arise in an alarmed heart or heart rages from an inevitable cycle. The results of the research confirm the thesis that the ancient Greek culture is a “culture of the heart”.

scholarly journals Structuring cooperative learning methods in Ancient Greek classrooms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Angeliki Markoglou
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Language Curriculum ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Motivation For Learning ◽  
Current Article

Abstract Considering the concept of critical teaching, teachers should seek to ensure the active participation of students, emphasisng the adoption of student-centred and group-centred teaching methods, which will provide students with relevant motivation for learning. From this perspective the current article focuses on a teaching proposal for the course of Ancient Greek Language in Greece and Cyprus, presenting the method of jigsaw-based cooperative learning as a teaching practice which promotes both active student participation and group cooperation. According to this teaching practice, the teacher actively involves the students in the learning process, promoting higher-level cognitive, metacognitive and emotional functions. Not only is this method compatible with the broader contemporary pedagogical and didactic principles, which aim to provoke students' interest, cultivate their social skills and relationships, develop their personal self-perception, and create autonomous and fulfilled personalities, but also it is harmonised with the main aims of the Ancient Greek Language Curriculum in these countries, which are fully aligned with both their education policy and their societal needs.

scholarly journals Ancient Greek in modern language of medicine

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 606-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Ancient Greek Medicine

In order to standardize language of medicine, it is essential to have a good command of ancient Greek and Latin. We cannot deny a huge impact of ancient Greek medicine on medical terminology. Compounds of Greek origin related to terms for organs, illnesses, inflammations, surgical procedures etc. have been listed as examples. They contain Greek prefixes and suffixes transcribed into Latin and they have been analyzed. It may be concluded that the modern language of medicine basically represents the ancient Greek language transcribed into Latin.

scholarly journals The value of the national language of science (part no. 1)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-208
Author(s):  
Oleg A. Donskikh
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
National Language ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Language Of Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Languages ◽  
Fully Functioning ◽  
Science Part

The article examines the history of the formation of several languages of science – Ancient Greek, Sanskrit, Arabic and Latin - relating to the material of four languages and corresponding cultures. Several considerations are given in favor of the need to preserve the national languages of science. The stages of formation of languages of science in the system of culture are traced. There are two types of languages that are used by scientific communities: 1) languages that are rooted in the national culture and remain firmly linked with the natural language community; 2) languages that are reserved for performing a certain function, while in parallel, national languages are fully functioning in society. The first type includes the Greek and Arabic, the scientific languages of the second type are Sanskrit and Latin. The key role of the humanitarian, in particular poetic, philological and philosophical culture for the formation of the language of science is shown. Based on the material of the Ancient Greek language, the stages of its development over several centuries are traced, which resulted in such linguistic tools that allowed not only to use abstract conceptual concepts, but also to organize the vocabulary hierarchically, and this as a result allowed to form any needed generic chains. The importance of the appearance of impersonal texts that comes with collections of written documents alienated from a particular teacher is emphasized.

De impact van Oudgriekse studie op kansarme leerlingen

Lampas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-397
Author(s):  
Evelien Bracke
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Project ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Widening Participation ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Noam Chomsky ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Economically Deprived ◽  
Primary School Pupils

Summary In the spring of 2019, a pilot project of the university of Ghent named Oude Grieken – Jonge Helden (‘Ancient Greeks – Young Heroes’) brought the study of the Ancient Greek language and culture to primary school pupils of years 5 and 6 in the East Flanders area (Belgium). This project brings Greek to pupils from a socio-economically deprived background with the purpose of raising participants’ intellectual aspirations and increasing access to and visibility of Ancient Greek study. This article describes the ideological context and practical organization of the project, and explores its impact on participants. Results from a mixed-method questionnaire demonstrate its potential to have an impact on the self-confidence of young children who live in poverty. Moreover, since results correspond with those of a project the coordinator ran in the United Kingdom in previous years, they validate the concept of the project across cultural and linguistic boundaries. This article argues that the concept of widening participation as exemplified by this particular project can successfully reach non-traditional target groups of ancient Greek study, to the benefit not only of the participants but also of the future of our subject area. Intellectuals are typically privileged; privilege yields opportunity, and opportunity confers responsibilities. An individual then has choices. Noam Chomsky (2017: 21)

Dictionaries as Translations

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-44
Author(s):  
Margaret Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Greek Text ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Ancient Greek

Any reading of a Greek text is an act of translation. However, it is heavily mediated by those previous dialogues represented by the tools of scholarship, which may be regarded as a kind of secondary speech community for a language no longer spoken. Foremost among these tools for an Anglophone scholar has been Liddell and Scott’s Greek-English Lexicon. The conversation in which one engages in consulting its glosses is at the very least three-way, involving not only ancient Greek and one’s own ‘mother tongue’, but also the English of Liddell and Scott. This chapter seeks to bring into sharper focus the vocabulary of the first edition’s glosses—a task rendered urgent not only by the passage of time but also by the fact that the editors had an axe to grind in selecting it.

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