Medicine and the Mind

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhodri Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
North America ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Modern Experience ◽  
The Mind

History maintains an ambiguous role with regard to the mind sciences. It can be used to demonstrate the universality of psychological characteristics, capacities, and illnesses or it can serve to demonstrate their relative bases by revealing the implicit assumptions that guide modern research as well as the specific configurations of theory, practice, and technology that allowed the mind sciences to emerge and their subject-matter to be articulated. This article embraces this second approach. It outlines four broad constructions of the psyche — the inscribable, the historical, the adaptable, and the statistical — and shows how their articulation has made possible new kinds of self-understanding and social interaction. It also makes broad claims for the universal basis of psychological phenomena. This discussion focuses on the specific conceptions of mental medicine that have emerged in Europe and North America since the end of the eighteenth century. This psychological language makes possible our modern experience of mind, self, and mental illness.

Histories of Interpersonal Violence in Europe and North America, 1700–Present

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
North America ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Cultural Life

Do changes in patterns of violence in Europe and North America from the eighteenth century to the present day reflect an increasing marginalization of interpersonal violence in social and cultural life? Can these changes be interpreted as a consequence of the benefits of specifically modern forms of economic organization and social interaction, as well as profound alterations in cultural and political life? These questions have exercised the minds of historians on both sides of the Atlantic for at least the last forty years and have provoked a range of methodological and theoretical debates. This essay offers an overview of the key texts and debates by examining both quantitative and contextual research on interpersonal violence and provides some wider reflections on the place of such violence in Western cultures since the eighteenth century.

Beérkezett könyvek

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-427
Author(s):  
Csaba Pléh
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Origin Of Mind ◽  
The Mind

Ádám György: A rejtozködo elme. Egy fiziológus széljegyzetei Carpendale, J. I. M. és Müller, U. (eds): Social interaction and the development of knowledge Cloninger, R. C.: Feeling good. The science of well being Dunbar, Robin, Barrett, Louise, Lycett, John: Evolutionary psychology Dunbar, Robin: The human story. A new history of makind's evolution Geary, D. C.: The origin of mind. Evolution of brain, cognition and general intelligence Gedeon Péter, Pál Eszter, Sárkány Mihály, Somlai Péter: Az evolúció elméletei és metaforái a társadalomtudományokban Harré, Rom: Cognitive science: A philosophical introduction Horváth György: Pedagógiai pszichológia Marcus, G.: The birth of the mind. How a tiny number of genes creates the complexities of human thought Solso, R. D.: The psychology of art and the evolution of the conscious brain Wray, A. (ed.): The transition to language

Concept of Manasa Prakruti as described in Charaka Samhita

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Sachin S. Bagali ◽  
Umapati C. Baragi
Keyword(s):  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Relative Dominance ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Genetically Determined

Ayurveda has a unique specialty of holistic approach and includes all the factors which are necessary for maintenance of health. Trigunas are essential drives of the mind which differentiate individuals on the basisof their psychological constitution. Genetically determined, these psychological characteristics are dependent on the relative dominance of the three Gunas. Manasa Prakruti features pertain to the mind and mental activities of the person. Due to their resemblance in qualities to that of almighty god, names were designated accordingly. Totally 16 types of Manasika Prakruti are described in Charaka Samhita. After proper understanding of Satwa Prakruti one should initiate appropriate therapy. Maha Prakruti’s are those which manifests due to influence of Satva, Raja and Tama and knowledge of the constitution is very much essential. Three types of psyche are described to be born from virtue, anger and delusion these are said to be superior, medium and inferior respectively. Seven, Six and three respectively are said to be the types of these psyche. To prescribe medicines, knowledge of this is essential.

Collective Burial in Late Prehistoric Virginia: Excavation and Analysis of the Rapidan Mound

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary H. Dunham ◽  
Debra L. Gold ◽  
Jeffrey L. Hantman
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Mortuary Ritual ◽  
New Information ◽  
Virginia Piedmont ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Secondary Burial ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Recent excavation and analysis of the remaining section of the endangered Rapidan Mound site (44OR1) in the central Virginia Piedmont provide new insights into a unique complex of burial mounds in the Virginia interior. Known since Thomas Jefferson's eighteenth-century description, the mounds are both earth and stone and accretional earthen mounds. Thirteen are recorded, all dating to the late prehistoric and early contact era (ca. A.D. 900-1700). Typically containing few artifacts, the accretional mounds are unusual in North America in the numbers of individuals interred, more than one thousand in at least two cases, and in the nature of the secondary, collective burial ritual that built up the mounds over centuries. Following a review of the characteristics of the mound complex, we focus on the Rapidan Mound and the analysis of the collective, secondary burial features in the mound. Precise provenience information and bioarchaeological analyses of two large and intact collective burial features provide new information on health and diet, and several lines of evidence for demographic reconstruction. Finally, we discuss the mortuary ritual conducted at the mounds within the cultural and historical context of the region.

“The pleasure of receiving your favour”

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Valle
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Central Concept

The article deals with correspondence in natural history in the eighteenth century between England and North America. The corpus discussed consists of correspondence between John Bartram and Peter Collinson, and between Alexander Garden and John Ellis. The approach used in the study is qualitative and rhetorical; the main point considered is how the letters construct scientific centre and periphery in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world. A central concept is the “colonial exchange”, whereby “raw materials” from the colonies — in this case plant and animal specimens, along with proposed identifications and names — are exchanged for “finished products”, in this case codified scientific knowledge contained in publications.

P. A. LOCATELLI AND J.-M. LECLAIR: LEGACY IN THE XIX CENTURY FONDAZIONE MIA, BERGAMO, 17–19 OCTOBER 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-276
Author(s):  
LUCA LÉVI SALA
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Chamber Music ◽  
Fiftieth Anniversary ◽  
The Third ◽  
Xix Century

In October 2014 scholars from Europe and North America took part in a conference dedicated to two important figures active during the eighteenth century as composers and virtuosos of the violin, to mark the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of their death: Pietro Antonio Locatelli (Bergamo, 1695–Amsterdam, 1764) and Jean-Marie Leclair l’aîné (Lyon 1697–Paris, 1764). The event was organized by the Centro Studi Opera Omnia Luigi Boccherini (Lucca) in partnership with the Fondazione MIA of Bergamo and the Palazzetto Bru Zane – Centre de Musique Romantique Française in Venice, and also with the collaboration of the Edizione Nazionale Italiana delle Opere Complete di Locatelli. Accommodated in the magnificent Sala Locatelli of the Fondazione MIA, the conference was subdivided into six sessions. First came ‘Pietro Antonio Locatelli and His Legacy’, with speakers Paola Palermo (Bergamo), Christoph Riedo (Universität Freiburg, Switzerland) and Ewa Chamczyk (Uniwersytet Warszawski), followed by ‘French Routes’, featuring Étienne Jardin (Palazzetto Bru Zane – Centre de Musique Romantique Française), Candida Felici (Conservatorio di Musica di Cosenza) and Paola Besutti (Università di Teramo). The third session, ‘Pierre-Marie-François de Sales Baillot’, was held to mark the bicentenary of Baillot's foundation of his séances de musique de chambre (chamber music concerts).

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