Analyses of the Semantics of Mood

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Utterance Interpretation ◽  
Different Sources

This article examines the semantics of “mood”, both in the sense of the opposition among clause types, that is, “sentential/sentence moods,” or “sentential forces”, and in the sense of the distinction between realis and irrealis, or indicative and subjunctive. It begins by considering the most important sentence moods, namely, declaratives, imperatives, interrogatives, exclamatives and optatives. It then discusses the notions of realis and irrealis or indicative and subjunctive. It concludes by underscoring the importance of a study of interpretive effects in elucidating the interaction between semantics and pragmatics, since the semantics of mood appears to depend on a set of contextual clues which arise from different sources and provide non-conceptual input to the pragmatic process of utterance interpretation.

Introduction: Current perspectives on positive polarity

Linguistics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-300
Author(s):  
Mingya Liu ◽  
Gianina Iordăchioaia
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Positive Polarity ◽  
Negative Polarity Items ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Polarity Items ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Polarity sensitivity has been an established key topic of linguistic research for more than half a century. The study of polarity phenomena can be extremely revealing about the internal structure of a language, as they usually involve an interaction at the interface between syntax, semantics and pragmatics. In the past, most attention was paid to negative polarity items. However, recent years have witnessed a growing interest in positive polarity items. As a continuation of this trend, this issue collects four papers dedicated to positive polarity items, which enrich the empirical domain with novel observations from different languages and appeal to diverse theoretical concepts such as scalarity and presupposition in their modeling of positive polarity. The results show that positive polarity is a distributional phenomenon that has different sources and most likely cannot be modeled in a unifying way, although there may be subsets of positive polarity items that allow unifying accounts.

scholarly journals A Persona-based Semantics for Slurs

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Neutral Form ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Utterance Interpretation

This paper presents a new style of semantic analysis for (some) slurs: linguistic expressions used to denigrate individuals based on some aspects of their identity. As an illustration, the author will focus on one slur in particular: dyke, which is generally considered to be a derogatory term for lesbians. The author argues that not enough attention in the literature has been paid to the use of dyke by members of the target group, who can often use it in a non-insulting manner; secondly, the author argues not enough attention has been paid to the use of the “neutral” form, lesbian, which is generally treated as having a simple, clear meaning, such as “engage[s] in same-sex sex” (Jeshion, 2013a, 312). Following McConnell-Ginet (2002), the author argues that taking into account all the uses of both dyke and lesbian requires a new semantics and pragmatics for both terms. More specifically, the author proposes that dyke and lesbian are associated with different sets of personae: abstract identities or stereotypes. Dyke is associated with an anti-mainstream persona, which the vast majority of speakers views negatively; whereas, lesbian is associated with a mainstream persona, which many speakers view favourably. The author proposes that the semantic puzzles associated with dyke and lesbian can be resolved through the combination of a theory of these personae and a theory of how listeners’ beliefs about their interlocutors’ ideologies affect utterance interpretation.

The Distinction between Semantics and Pragmatics

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Gendler Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Linguistic Meaning ◽  
Truth Conditions ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Utterance Interpretation

Semantics is the study of linguistic meaning, or more precisely, the study of the relation between linguistic expressions and their meanings. This article gives a sketch of the distinction between semantics and pragmatics; it is the intention of the rest of this article to make it more precise. It starts by considering three alternative characterizations and explain what the article finds problematic about each of them. This leads to the discussion of utterance interpretation, which situates semantics and pragmatics in a larger enterprise. But the characterization of their contrast remains sketchy until the final section, where the article discusses how truth-conditions and the notion of what is said fit into the picture.

Immunological Relationship Between Plasminogen Activator Inhibitors from Different Sources

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (01) ◽  
pp. 029-034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Urdén ◽  
Joanna Chmielewska ◽  
Tomas Carlsson ◽  
Björn Wiman
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Immunological Relationship ◽  
Different Sources

SummaryPolyclonal antibodies have been raised against the inhibitor moiety in the purified complex between tissue plasminogen activator and its fast inhibitor (PA-inhibitor) in human plasma/ serum. A radioimmunoassay for quantitation of PA-inhibitor antigen was developed. The polyclonal antiserum and a previously described monoclonal antibody against the PA-inhibitor (14) have been used to study the immunological relationship between PA-inhibitors from plasma, serum, platelets, placenta extract and conditioned media from Hep G2 and HT 1080 cells. It was demonstrated that the ratio between PA-inhibitor activity and antigen varied considerably between the different sources. In the plasma samples studied, similar activity and antigen concentrations were found, suggesting that the PA-inhibitor in these samples mainly was in an active form. On the other hand the other sources seemed to contain variable amounts of inactive PA-inhibitor forms. Immunoadsorption experiments revealed that the PA-inhibitor (activity and antigen) from all the sources were specifically bound to the insolubilized antibodies (polyclonal and monoclonal). In no case, however, could active PA-inhibitor be eluted from the immunoadsorption columns. Also the competitive radioimmunoassays suggested that the PA-inhibitors from the different sources studied, were closely immunologically related.

Transmigration und Kapitalismus

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (140) ◽  
pp. 407-422
Author(s):  
Julia Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Different Sources

Based on an ethnographical study the article presents the problems of Soviet migrants with capitalistic every day life. The reaction of the migrants and the role of their imagination of capitalism, which was formed by different sources in the former Soviet Union, is investigated.

Development of Instruments for Assessing Linguistic Intelligence in Elementary School

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dea Sinta Maharani ◽  
Otang Kurniaman
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
Intelligence Assessment ◽  
The World ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Homeroom Teachers

Linguistic intelligence is one of eight multiple intelligences that currently attracts attention in the world of education. Linguistic intelligence is a person's ability to speak both verbally and in writing, besides that people who have linguistic intelligence also master the components of linguistic intelligence which consists of phonology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. The type of research used is research and development (R & D) with a 4D model. The subjects in this study were experts as validators, fifth grade students for trials and homeroom teachers in elementary schools. Data collection is done by giving a questionnaire to the validator. In this study the researchers concluded that the product of the developed linguistic intelligence assessment instrument was declared feasible to be used based on the results of validation of 86% with very feasible categories. The obstacle in developing the product of this instrument of linguistic intelligence assessment is the lack of knowledge of the school about the importance of linguistic intelligence for students in elementary schools. 

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