scholarly journals States and Economic Development

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
The Political ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Policy Choices

Scholars agree that states influence rates and patterns of economic development everywhere. Yet why are some states better at promoting economic development than others? It is argued in this chapter that a historical-institutional perspective is especially well suited to study the role and effectiveness of the states in economic development. Focusing on late-developing countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, the chapter highlight the deeper historical determinants of states’ economic policy choices, whether these are the legacies of colonialism (such as in Nigeria) or of the political and economic continuities (Latin America) and discontinuities (Asia) produced by decolonization.

scholarly journals Mutual Effects of Land Distribution and Economic Development: Evidence from Asia, Africa, and Latin America

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Azadi ◽  
Eric Vanhaute
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
The Political ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
Land Inequality ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Different Dimensions

Land plays an important role in the economies of developing countries, and many theories connecting land inequality with different dimensions of economic development already exist. Even though efficacious land distribution allows societies to transition from poverty to a human capital-based developed economy, ongoing issues related to property rights, inequality, and the political economy of land distribution are unavoidable. The general objective of this paper is to explore the nexus between land distribution and economic development. The specific objectives are to: (i) identify which land distribution programs/activities contribute to economic development; (ii) investigate the role of stakeholders in land distribution programs that affect the growth of productivity; and (iii) assess the deficiencies of current land distribution policies in Asia, Africa, and Latin America to explore how economic development theories contribute to decreasing income inequality. This paper provides an overview of land distribution history and the main economic development theories. It also highlights the links between land distribution and the main elements of economic development. Finally, it provides a comparative review of the most recent empirical works regarding the characteristics, limitations, and potential (mutual) effects of land distribution and economic development settings on developing countries worldwide.

scholarly journals Complexity systems and middle-income trap: the long-term roots of Latin America underdevelopment

Nova Economia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (spe) ◽  
pp. 1225-1256
Author(s):  
Fernanda Cimini ◽  
Jorge Britto ◽  
Leonardo Costa Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Trap ◽  
To Come ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract Our intent is to reinterpret the concept of middle-income trap using the language of the complex system approach to refer to the unpredictability, non-linearity and the enormous range of possible behaviors of economic development in the long-term time series. By redefining the concept of trap in those terms, we propose to shed light on the institutional background of economic development. In order to advance our argument, we conduct a case study of Latin America, a region that has presented an unstable and non-linear economic trajectory across the 20th century. We argue that the combination between the colonial economic legacy and the political fragmentation amid the process of independence shaped the socio-economic structure and institutional capabilities for years to come, restricting the possibilities of overcoming underdevelopment.

scholarly journals Whose carbon is burnable? Equity considerations in the allocation of a “right to extract”

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivan Kartha ◽  
Simon Caney ◽  
Navroz K. Dubash ◽  
Greg Muttitt
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
The Political ◽  
Fossil Fuel Combustion ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
Rapid Transition

AbstractCarbon emissions—and hence fossil fuel combustion—must decline rapidly if warming is to be held below 1.5 or 2 °C. Yet fossil fuels are so deeply entrenched in the broader economy that a rapid transition poses the challenge of significant transitional disruption. Fossil fuels must be phased out even as access to energy services for basic needs and for economic development expands, particularly in developing countries. Nations, communities, and workers that are economically dependent on fossil fuel extraction will need to find a new foundation for livelihoods and revenue. These challenges are surmountable. In principle, societies could undertake a decarbonization transition in which they anticipate the transitional disruption, and cooperate and contribute fairly to minimize and alleviate it. Indeed, if societies do not work to avoid that disruption, a decarbonization transition may not be possible at all. Too many people may conclude they will suffer undue hardship, and thus undermine the political consensus required to undertake an ambitious transition. The principles and framework laid out here are offered as a contribution to understanding the nature of the potential impacts of a transition, principles for equitably sharing the costs of avoiding them, and guidance for prioritizing which fossil resources can still be extracted.

scholarly journals The mechanism of synergetic interaction of policy instruments of central banks with the governments of their countries as an element of increasing the level of economic development in the face of an epidemic threat

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Leonid Taraniuk ◽  
Oksana Zamora ◽  
Oleksii Demikhov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
The State ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
The World ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

Goal. The purpose of the research is to conduct a comparative study of the work of the Central Bank of the world with their governments in the context of forming a mechanism for synergistic interaction of its economic policy instruments to improve the level of economic development. Topicality. The actualization of this study is the need to establish effective formal and informal links between the central bank as a system-forming financial institution that shapes the monetary policy of the state and the government as a governing body that creates a virgin economic policy. There is a need for a systematic comparative analysis of the experience of developed and developing countries in order to form an effective tool for economic policy of the central bank with its government and make effective management decisions aimed at improving the level of economic development. Results. The system of relations between the central bank of developed and developing countries and their governments is described. Factors of positive and negative influence on the formation of economic policy tools of the central bank of the countries and their governments are revealed. Formal and informal links have been analyzed between the world country’s central bank and its government in the process of implementing the central bank’s economic policy. The mechanism of synergetic interaction of the tools of economic policy of the central bank of the countries with their governments is improved, which contains indicative indicators of the interactions of the central bank, ministries, government of the countries for the purpose of making effective management decisions. The necessity of systematic work of all stakeholders (central bank, government, other stakeholders) in the process of forming economic policy, the implementation of which can affect the level of economic development of the state, is substantiated. Conclusions. The comparative analysis with elements of benchmarking estimation is carried out The mechanism of relations of the central bank of the country with its government is improved. The role of this interaction of the country's central bank with its government and other stakeholders was assessed.

The International Conference on Islam and Development in Southeast Asia

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-572
Author(s):  
Omar Altalib
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Political Process ◽  
National Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Resource Center

The International Conference on Islam and Development in SoutheastAsia was held during September 25-26, 1991, at the Equatorial Hotel, KualaLumpur, Malaysia. The conference was jointly organized by the Academyof Malay Studies (University of Malaya), the Islamic Academy (Universityof Malaya), and the Information and Resource Center (Singapore) and wassponsored by the Hanns-Seidel Foundation. The conference's stated aim wasto demonstrate the differences in programs for cooperation between Islamiccountries, the integration attempts of developing countries, and the actualeconomic and political situations of Southeast Asian countries.There were four main panels in the program: a) Islam and Developmentin Southeast Asia: A Historical Perspective; b) Islam and the Political Process;c) Islam and Economic Development; and 4) Islam and the Future of theRegion.In the first panel, Khoo Kay Kim (professor of Malaysian history,University of Malaya) pointed out that Muslims have historically emphasizededucation, while in modern times they have tended to allow education tobe shaped by outside rather than inside influences. In addition, Muslimeducation in Southeast Asia has lagged behind national development. Atpresent, the education system in Malaysia continues to produce students who ...

Technological Innovation, Trade and Development

2011 ◽  
pp. 79-101
Author(s):  
Laura Márquez-Ramos ◽  
Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso ◽  
Celestino Suárez-Burguet
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Technological Capabilities ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

This chapter tests empirically to what extent technological innovation influences international trade and studies its effect on different groups of countries according to their level of economic development. Different measures used in the literature to proxy for technological capabilities are reviewed and two of them are selected. The estimation results show that technological innovation has a considerably high explanatory power on trade compared with other traditional determinants. Countries tend to trade more when they have similar technological capabilities and the development of technological innovation has lowered the effect of geographical distance on trade. According to the obtained results, investing in technological innovation leads to the improvement and maintenance of the level of competitiveness, therefore a good economic policy in developing countries is to invest in technological innovation.

Corruption in Latin America and How It Affects Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

2016 ◽  
pp. 30-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Godinez
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Definition Of

Foreign direct investment has aided in a significant manner the economic development of Latin America since the early 1990s because capital in this region is limited (Blanco, 2012). Despite some criticism literature on FDI has overwhelmingly demonstrated that FDI has positive effects on host countries (Tan & Meyer, 2011) especially in Latin America (Wooster & Diebel, 2010). Authors researching the effects of FDI in Latin America have stated that this investment helps to growth on productivity (Blonigen & Wang, 2005) and thus, might help developing countries to begin their road to development. Therefore, scholars have devoted great efforts to understanding the determinants of FDI to Latin America and a brief overview will be provided in this study.This paper will present a detailed account of FDI flows to the region, a clear definition of corruption and how it is manifested in Latin America. After these definitions, suggestions are provided to deal with the problem of corruption in the region.

The Political Economy of Extremism: Liberalism and the One Nation Phenomenon

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Geoff Dow
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Local Response ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Public Responsibility ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The One

AbstractThere is continuing acceptance that the One Nation phenomenon remains a significant local response to a global problem – the adoption by national polities of internationally- oriented economic policy ‘reforms’ which are despised by populations. The dismantling of public responsibility for social and economic development has emerged as a cause of internal disaffection with conventional forms of politics. This paper attempts to separate the anti-liberal from the illiberal aspects of the responses to internationalisation and de-politicisation. It suggests that there have always been intellectually respectable anti-liberal traditions of analysis and that One Nation has tapped into some of these strands of analytical opinion. The lesson for mainstream parties is that they continue to insist on the inevitability of globalisation, and to risk further societal discontent and intolerance, only by ignoring the real alternative approaches to the responsibilities and possibilities of politics that have long been available.

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