The Sahara

Author(s):  
Barbara E. Barich

This chapter discusses the collection of objects, in clay and stone, from various pastoral Saharan sites whose original core area lay between Libya (Tadrart Acacus) and Algeria (Tassili- n-Ajjer). The chapter starts from the general theme of the relationship between the figurines and the subjects they represent, and the difference between two-dimensional and three-dimensional representation. It goes on to discuss the manufacturing process of the clay specimens (dating from between 7000 and 4000 years ago) and the significance of the changes introduced by the Neolithic. Most of the items studied fall into the category of zoomorphic figurines, with only two anthropomorphic examples, and find in the depiction of cattle their most striking subject. These representations possess an evident symbolic content which must be framed within the pastoral ideology of the Saharan Neolithic. In the anthropomorphic figurines the representation of the human body also plays the role of recapturing the sense of wholeness.

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (spe) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sako ◽  
K. Fujimura ◽  
M.B. McDonald ◽  
D. James

Seed analysts need to identify seeds, and seed catalogs are used as a reference to accomplish this task. Conventional seed catalogs supply two-dimensional photographs and hand-drawn diagrams. In this study, a new, three-dimensional representation of seeds is developed to supplement these traditional photographs and drawings. QuickTime VR is a promising method for viewing three-dimensional objects on a computer screen. It permits manipulation of an object by rotating and viewing it from any pre-specified angle at an interactive speed, allowing the viewer the sense of examining a hand-held object. In this study, QuickTime VR object movies of seeds were created as interactive "movies" of seeds that can be rotated and scaled to give the viewer the sensation of examining actual seeds. This approach allows the examination of virtual seeds from any angle, permitting more accurate identification of seeds by seed analysts.


GeoTextos ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Do Carmo Cerqueira ◽  
Dária Maria Cardoso Nascimento

Este trabalho visa discutir o lugar e/ou papel da cartografia no ensino da geografia. Para isso, traz resultados teóricos e práticos do projeto de pesquisa e extensão intitulado “Popularização da cartografia e suas novas tecnologias na escola pública”, realizado no Colégio Estadual Dona Mora Guimarães (Cajazeiras X, Salvador BA). Considera-se que a cartografia escolar, apesar dos avanços epistemológicos, vem passando por diversas dificuldades em sua implementação. Para analisar os entraves, potencialidades e exemplos de práxis pedagógicas, realizaram-se oficinas com foco nos conceitos da alfabetização cartográfica – visão vertical/horizontal, lateralidade, decodificação dos símbolos, proporcionalidade, representação bidimensional X tridimensional e uso de novas tecnologias. Defende-se que a alfabetização cartográfica pode ser utilizada como uma metodologia inovadora para a geografia escolar. Em paralelo, são discutidas as dificuldades encontradas em âmbito universitário e escolar. Por fim, dividem-se experiências exitosas, com mais de 400 alunos envolvidos diretamente, que utilizaram recursos técnico metodológicos a partir do espaço vivenciado e da abordagem construtivista, a saber: mapeamento do corpo humano, da sala de aula e construção de maquetes. Conclui-se que o tema possui muitos desafios, mas carece principalmente da ampliação deste debate para ultrapassar as barreiras dissociativas, colocando a cartografia como meio de comunicação da ciência geográfica. Abstract THE ROLE OF CARTOGRAPHY IN THE TEACHING OF GEOGRAPHY: PERSPECTIVES FROM AN EXTENSION PROJECT This paper aims to discuss the role of cartography in the teaching of geography. In order to do so it brings theoretical and practical results of the research project and extension called “Popularization of cartography and its new technologies in public school,” held in the State School Dona Mora Guimarães (Cazajeiras X, Salvador- BA). It is considered that the teaching of cartography, despite the epistemological advances, has experienced several difficulties in its implementation. To analyze the barriers, potentialities, and examples of pedagogical practice, workshops were held focusing on the concepts of cartographic literacy - vision vertical/horizontal, laterality, decoding of symbols, proportionality, two-dimensional X three-dimensional representation and use of new technologies. It is advocated that cartographic literacy can be used as an innovative methodology for the teaching of geography in schools. In parallel, the difficulties found in a university and school context are discussed. Finally, successful experiences are shared with more than 400 students involved directly, who used technical and methodological resources, from where they live and constructivist approach, namely: mapping of the human body, of the classroom and building of models. It is concluded that the theme has many challenges, but lacks mainly the expansion of this debate to overcome the dissociative barriers, putting the cartography as means of communication of the geographical science.


2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C.Y. Fung ◽  
Seok-Hee Hong ◽  
Dirk Koschützki ◽  
Falk Schreiber ◽  
Kai Xu

Abstract Biological data is often structured in the form of complex interconnected networks such as protein interaction and metabolic networks. In this paper, we investigate a new problem of visualising such overlapping biological networks. Two networks overlap if they share some nodes and edges. We present an approach for constructing visualisations of two overlapping networks, based on a restricted three dimensional representation. More specifically, we use three parallel two dimensional planes placed in three dimensions to represent overlapping networks: one for each network (the top and the bottom planes) and one for the overlapping part (in the middle plane).Our method aims to achieve both drawing aesthetics (or conventions) for each individual network, and highlighting the intersection part by them. Using three biological datasets, we evaluate our visualisation design with the aim to test whether overlapping networks can support the visual analysis of heterogeneous and yet interconnected networks.


1991 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 641-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. MIRA ◽  
J. P. CARCASSÈS

Let T be a one-dimensional or two-dimensional map. The three considered areas are related to three different configurations of fold and flip bifurcation curves, centred at a cusp point of a fold curve in the T parameter plane (b, c). The two transitions studied here occur via a codimension-three bifurcation defined in each case, when varying a third parameter a. The transition "mechanism," from an area type to another one, is given with a three-dimensional representation describing the sheet configuration of the parameter plane.


2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-548
Author(s):  
Claus-Christian Carbon ◽  
Vera M. Hesslinger

AbstractJeffery et al. extensively and thoroughly describe how different species navigate through a three-dimensional environment. Undeniably, the world offers numerous three-dimensional opportunities. However, we argue that for most navigation tasks a two-dimensional representation is nevertheless sufficient, as physical conditions and limitations such as gravity, thermoclines, or layers of earth encountered in a specific situation provide the very elevation data the navigating individual needs.


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