World Englishes and Corpora

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Mair
Keyword(s):  
World Englishes ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Digital Text ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
The World ◽  
Cooperative Venture

The first part of the chapter surveys the traditional corpus-linguistic working environment for the study of varieties of English around the world, focussing on the International Corpus of English (ICE) as a major cooperative venture. The second part assesses the potential of larger digital text archives and the World-Wide Web as additional sources of data for the study of World Englishes. Corpora and digital text databases not only serve as rich and convenient sources of data, but also encourage a specific corpus-linguistic “take” on World Englishes and are thus also important for advancing the theoretical debate in the field. Analysis of traditional corpora has deepened our understanding of the nature of morphosyntactic variation in World Englishes as a whole and of fine-grained variety-internal variablility determined by medium (spoken vs. written), genre and style, whereas the use of Web data frequently highlights the role of standard and nonstandard Englishes in transnational and global domains. The chapter ends with a plea to develop corpora documenting World Englishes in their multilingual settings and thus bring together research on World Englishes and the related field of the sociolinguistics of globalisation.

Sizing Up Categories

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Lee Anne Fennell
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Strategic Behavior ◽  
Category Membership ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The World ◽  
Correlated Risks

Abstract Categories intentionally create discontinuities. By breaking the world up into cognizable chunks, they simplify the information environment. But the signals they provide may be inaccurate or scrambled by strategic behavior. This Article considers how law might approach the problem of optimal categorization, given the role of categories in managing and transmitting information. It proceeds from the observation that high categorization costs can be addressed through two opposite strategies—making classifications more fine-grained (splitting), and making classifications more encompassing (lumping). Although continuizing and other forms of splitting offer intuitive answers to inaccurate classification and gaming along category lines, lumping is sometimes a better solution. If category membership carries multiple and offsetting implications, the incentive to manipulate the classification system is dampened. To take a simple example, insurance that covers only one risk is more vulnerable to adverse selection than is an insurance arrangement that covers two inversely correlated risks. Making categories larger, more durable, and more heterogeneous can produce such offsets. These and other forms of bundling can arrest damaging instabilities in categorization.

scholarly journals THE PREPARATION OF A SPECIALIST IN NETWORKING CULTURAL-EDUCATIONAL SPACE OF UNIVERSITY

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Zinaida Kekeeva ◽  
Zhannat Sardarova ◽  
Gulzhan Ergalieva
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
The World ◽  
Networking Technologies ◽  
Personal Competencies ◽  
The University ◽  
New Generation

The article deals with specialist preparation problems in networking cultural-educational space of the University. The authors consider the role of networking technologies in quality improvement of educational services in the conditions of the international cooperation. They also substantiate the process of entering the future experts in the working environment, the formation of their professional and personal competencies. The article reveals priority areas of training new generation specialists in the cultural and educational space of the university taking into account modern educational trends in the world.

An Ecological Account of the Emergence and Evolution of English

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salikoko S. Mufwene
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle English ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
English Language ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
The World ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
History Of

What follows is a contact-based account of the emergence of English. Though the role of language contact in the development of World Englishes is often addressed as a coda within History of the English Language (HEL) courses, this chapter presents an alternative story, highlighting contact situations in Old English, Middle English, and Early Modern English. The creolist perspective offered here suggests that History of English instructors should look closer at the received doctrine of HEL and consider whether an ecological model should not be used to make sense of the story of Englishes. A periodized history of colonization and of the ensuing population structures that influence language contact appears to explain a great deal about the differential evolution of English in various parts of the world, including what distinguishes colonial English dialects from their creole counterparts.

Perspectives: English in Japan: The World Englishes Perspective

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip R. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
English Education ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
English Teaching ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Japanese English

This paper examines the role of English in Japan from the World Englishes (WE) perspective, concentrating on two issues: the implications of WE for English education, and the status of Japanese English (JE) as a variety of English. An overview of WE is followed by a discussion of its implications for English teaching in Japan. Important implications include the need to familiarize students with multiple varieties of English and to encourage them to regard all varieties, including their own, as valid. In this connection, the status of JE is discussed and research findings are cited to support recognizing JE as an independent variety of English. この論文では、“World Englishes“(WE)の観点から、二つの関連した問題を検証する。すなわち、(i)WEが日本の英語教育に対して果たす役割、および、(ii)英語の一形態としての “Japanese English “(JE) の位置づけである。 本論では、まず、WEの理論を概観した上で、WEが日本の英語教育において果たす役割を論じる。次に教育において英語のどの形態を用いるべきかということについて、学生に多様な形態に親しませること、および、自分たちの英語を含めて、様々な英語の形態が正当なものであることを学生に気づかせることが重要であることを論じる。これに関連してJEの位置づけを行い、JEは多様な形態をもつ英語の一つとして認めるという主張を裏付ける研究結果について論じる。

scholarly journals Motivation by Stealth?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arab World English Journal ◽  
Kathleen Guillaume
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Cultural Hegemony ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
The World ◽  
Students First

Buried beneath the conversation or, if preferred, the simmering debate about if and how we should be teaching English - in some form, to some end – around the world, is the fact that many of our students are not the least bit interested in what we have to teach them. Should we care?At the heart of the problem, and of this paper, is motivation. Should we not look at our students first, rather than continue to hand down and implement policy from on high, from elsewhere? Should we try to imagine what our students’ future professional and personal lives will be like and how one of the current ‘World Englishes’ might be of use to them, one day? A great motivator is culture, in its broadest sense.This paper nods in passing to the theme of ‘interdisciplinarity,’ considered vital, as well as to that of ‘teaching and learning inthe digital age,’ the latter seen as a boonnot a bane. The author, nonetheless, feels piques of conscience about the stealth role of English in what is, gaily and glibly, called ‘globalized contexts’. What if our pedagogic success comes back and bites us? What if, when we succeed in motivating our students, we are actually playing a dangerous game of acculturation? Inside the lining of success in English, have we sewn cultural hegemony? This paper suggests possible equipoises and pragmatic safeguards.

The essence and causes of the spiritual and moral decline of mankind in the XX century

1998 ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
V. Tolkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Social Force ◽  
The World ◽  
Role Of Religion

One of the most important reasons for such a clearly distressed state of society was the decline of religion as a social force, the external manifestation of which is the weakening of religious institutions. "Religion," Baha'u'llah writes, "is the greatest of all means of establishing order in the world to the universal satisfaction of those who live in it." The weakening of the foundations of religion strengthened the ranks of ignoramuses, gave them impudence and arrogance. "I truly say that everything that belittles the supreme role of religion opens way for the revelry of maliciousness, inevitably leading to anarchy. " In another Tablet, He says: "Religion is a radiant light and an impregnable fortress that ensures the safety and well-being of the peoples of the world, for God-fearing induces man to adhere to the good and to reject all evil." Blink the light of religion, and chaos and distemper will set in, the radiance of justice, justice, tranquility and peace. "

The problem of periodization of the history of religion

1997 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Borys Lobovyk
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Religious Development ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Religion

An important problem of religious studies, the history of religion as a branch of knowledge is the periodization process of the development of religious phenomenon. It is precisely here, as in focus, that the question of the essence and meaning of the religious development of the human being of the world, the origin of beliefs and cult, the reasons for the changes in them, the place and role of religion in the social and spiritual process, etc., are converging.

External Factors of Big Business Transformation in Russia

2005 ◽  
pp. 72-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. Pappe ◽  
Ya. Galukhina
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Big Business ◽  
Business Transformation ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
The World ◽  
Principal Subject

The paper is devoted to the role of the global financial market in the development of Russian big business. It proves that terms and standards posed by this market as well as opportunities it offers determine major changes in Russian big business in the last three years. The article examines why Russian companies go abroad to attract capital and provides data, which indicate the scope of this phenomenon. It stresses the effects of Russian big business’s interaction with the world capital market, including the modification of the principal subject of Russian big business from integrated business groups to companies and the changes in companies’ behavior: they gradually move away from the so-called Russian specifics and adopt global standards.

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