Heritability of Antisocial Behavior

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Kretschmer ◽  
Matt DeLisi
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Developmental Models ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Study Designs

This chapter reviews important strands of research on the heritability of antisocial behavior and crime, including both quantitative genetic studies using twin or adoption designs as well as molecular genetic approaches. Study designs are introduced and findings discussed. Contemporary avenues including gene-environment interplay and developmental models are presented. Overall it is concluded that a significant amount of variance in antisocial behavior and crime is attributable to genetic factors but conclusive knowledge on involvement of specific genes still absent. We conclude with a discussion of usage of genetic information in the criminal justice system and note future tasks for the field of bio-criminology.

The contribution of gene–environment interaction to psychopathology

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 989-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Thapar ◽  
Gordon Harold ◽  
Frances Rice ◽  
Kate Langley ◽  
Michael O'Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Adoption Studies ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Molecular Genetic Evidence ◽  
Study Designs

AbstractThe study of gene–environment interaction (G × E) constitutes an area of significant social and clinical significance. Different types of research study designs are being used to investigate the contribution of G × E to psychopathology, although the term G × E has also been used and interpreted in different ways. Despite mixed evidence that G × E contributes to psychopathology, some promising and consistent findings are emerging. Evidence is reviewed in relation to depression, antisocial behavior, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Although findings from various research designs have different meaning, interestingly much of the evidence with regard to the contribution of G × E that has arisen from twin and adoption studies has been for antisocial behavior and depression. It is for these same forms of psychopathology that molecular genetic evidence of G × E has also been most convincing. Finally, current and anticipated methodological challenges and implications for future research in this area are considered.

scholarly journals Observed positive parenting behaviors and youth genotype: Evidence for gene–environment correlations and moderation by parent personality traits

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline W. Oppenheimer ◽  
Benjamin L. Hankin ◽  
Jessica L. Jenness ◽  
Jami F. Young ◽  
Andrew Smolen
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Parent Personality

AbstractGene–environment correlations (rGE) have been demonstrated in behavioral genetic studies, but rGE have proven elusive in molecular genetic research. Significant gene–environment correlations may be difficult to detect because potential moderators could reduce correlations between measured genetic variants and the environment. Molecular genetic studies investigating moderated rGE are lacking. This study examined associations between child catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype and aspects of positive parenting (responsiveness and warmth), and whether these associations were moderated by parental personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion) among a general community sample of third, sixth, and ninth graders (N = 263) and their parents. Results showed that parent personality traits moderated the rGE association between youths' genotype and coded observations of positive parenting. Parents with low levels of neuroticism and high levels of extraversion exhibited greater sensitive responsiveness and warmth, respectively, to youth with the valine/valine genotype. Moreover, youth with this genotype exhibited lower levels of observed anger. There was no association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype and parenting behaviors for parents high on neuroticism and low on extraversion. Findings highlight the importance of considering moderating variables that may influence child genetic effects on the rearing environment. Implications for developmental models of maladaptive and adaptive child outcomes, and interventions for psychopathology, are discussed within a developmental psychopathology framework.

Introduction and Overview of Statistical Approaches to Gene × Environment Interactions for Complex Phenotypes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Windle
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Biological Pathway ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Individualized Intervention ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Complex Phenotypes ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Statistical Approaches

This chapter provides an introduction and overview of important issues that served as motivations for this book. For many complex phenotypes (e.g., depression, diabetes, obesity, substance use), there is substantial evidence that while genetic influences are important, so are environmental influences; moreover, there is substantial evidence from both behavior genetic studies (e.g., twin and adoptee studies) and molecular genetic studies (both human and infrahuman) that genes commonly interact with environmental factors in predicting complex phenotypes. The fields of genomics and other –omics (e.g., proteomics, metabolomics) provide exciting opportunities to advance science and foster the goals of public health and a more individualized intervention approach (e.g., precision medicine). The goals of these more individualized approaches would benefit greatly not only by advances in genomics and other –omics, but also by incorporating information both on environments and their interactions with genomic and other biological material and regulatory processes (e.g., environmental signal to biological pathway responses). Such findings would thereby offer more flexible guidance to a broader range of prevention, intervention, and treatment targets, and facilitate more tailored programs based on a fuller complement of G and E influences.

All in the Family

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1187-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt DeLisi ◽  
Kevin M. Beaver ◽  
Michael G. Vaughn ◽  
John Paul Wright
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Environmental Liabilities ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Police Contacts ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
The Family ◽  
Violent Delinquency ◽  
Environmental Pathogens

A range of Gene × Environment interactions is associated with antisocial phenotypes, and the evidence is clear that the etiology of antisocial behavior is strongly heritable and that environmental liabilities are important. However, the precise ways that genetic and environmental pathogens interact to predict antisocial behavior are underspecified. The present study shows that the interaction between a polymorphism in a dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) and a criminal father predicts five antisocial phenotypes among African American females ( n = 232) in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Genetic risk (as measured by the A1 allele) and a criminal father interacted to predict serious and violent delinquency at Wave 1, serious and violent delinquency at Wave 2, and number of police contacts. The current investigation represents the first study to show Gene × Environment interactions in the prediction of antisocial phenotypes using criminal justice system status as an environmental pathogen.

The taxonomic complex Centaurea stoebe s. l. (Asteraceae) in the flora of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 237-251
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Shynder
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Structural Unit ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Quorum Sensing System ◽  
Definition Of

Nowadays, many biological terms receive new interpretations, especially the concept of species. The species is the main structural unit of living things. It emerges, develops, and, when living conditions change either disappear or transforms into other species. There is no clear and unified definition of species. The achievements of contemporary molecular genetic studies indicate that the majority of microorganisms exist mainly not in a free-floating condition, but in formed associations or consortia. Microbial interactions occur by transferring molecular and genetic information, and various mechanisms such as secondary metabolites, siderophores, quorum-sensing system, biofilm formation, and cell transduction signals can be involved in this exchange. Therefore, for a deeper understanding of the concept of "species" in biology, it is necessary to take into account not only morphological and physiological criteria, but also to consider species from the viewpoint of systems biology, and to bear in mind factors of horizontal gene transfer. Therefore, the concept of "species" can be considered in a broader context, in particular within ecosystems with all assimilation relations.

scholarly journals On Statistical Power for Case-Control Host Genomic Studies of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chung Lin ◽  
Jennifer D Brooks ◽  
Shelley B Bull ◽  
France Gagnon ◽  
Celia MT Greenwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Infection Susceptibility ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Study Designs

The identification of genetic variation that directly impacts infection susceptibility and disease severity of COVID-19 is an important step towards risk stratification, personalized treatment plans, therapeutic and vaccine development and deployment. Given the importance of study design in infectious disease genetic epidemiology, we use simulation and draw on current estimates of exposure, infectivity and test accuracy of COVID-19 to demonstrate the feasibility of detecting host genetic factors associated with susceptibility and severity with published COVID-19 study designs. We demonstrate why studying susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection could be futile at the early stages of the pandemic. Our insights can aid in the interpretation of genetic findings emerging in the literature and guide the design of future host genetic studies.

Concepts of species and strain in relation to microorganisms under formation of biofilms as superorganismic systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Pallag ◽  
Nadiya Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Structural Unit ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Quorum Sensing System ◽  
Definition Of

Nowadays, many biological terms receive new interpretations, especially the concept of species. The species is the main structural unit of living things. It emerges, develops, and, when living conditions change either disappear or transforms into other species. There is no clear and unified definition of species. The achievements of contemporary molecular genetic studies indicate that the majority of microorganisms exist mainly not in a free-floating condition, but in formed associations or consortia. Microbial interactions occur by transferring molecular and genetic information, and various mechanisms such as secondary metabolites, siderophores, quorum-sensing system, biofilm formation, and cell transduction signals can be involved in this exchange. Therefore, for a deeper understanding of the concept of "species" in biology, it is necessary to take into account not only morphological and physiological criteria, but also to consider species from the viewpoint of systems biology, and to bear in mind factors of horizontal gene transfer. Therefore, the concept of "species" can be considered in a broader context, in particular within ecosystems with all assimilation relations.

scholarly journals Genes, environment and schizophrenia

2001 ◽  
Vol 178 (S40) ◽  
pp. s18-s24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming T. Tsuang ◽  
William S. Stone ◽  
Stephen V. Faraone
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Adoption Studies ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Model ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Representative Selection ◽  
Chromosomal Loci ◽  
Selection Of

BackgroundData from family, twin and adoption studies show overwhelming evidence of a substantial genetic component in schizophrenia and although molecular genetic studies have been more difficult to replicate, recent improvements in technology have resulted in the implication of genes at several chromosomal loci. Nevertheless, it remains clear that environmental factors both add to and interact with genetic factors to produce the disorder.AimsTo incorporate genetic and environmental risk factors into a neurodevelopmental model in order to conceptualise the liability to schizophrenia.MethodA representative selection of the literature related to this issue is reviewed, together with a reformulation of Meehl's term ‘schizotaxia’ to describe the liability to the disorder.ResultsThe literature supports a multi-factorial view of the liability to schizophrenia, which includes both genetic and environmental components.ConclusionsSchizotaxia provides a useful way to conceptualise both the liability for schizophrenia, and also the development of treatment strategies aimed at the eventual prevention of the illness.

On the Genetic and Genomic Basis of Aggression, Violence, and Antisocial Behavior

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Beaver ◽  
Eric J. Connolly ◽  
Joseph L. Nedelec ◽  
Joseph A. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genomic Basis

There is a great deal of interest in examining the genetic and environmental architecture to aggression, violence, and antisocial behaviors. This interest has resulted in hundreds of studies being published that estimate genetic and environmental effects on antisocial phenotypes. The results generated from these studies have been remarkably consistent and have contributed greatly to the knowledge base on the etiology of antisocial behavior. This chapter reviews the research on the genetic basis to antisocial phenotypes by presenting the results related to the heritability of antisocial phenotypes. It also discusses some of the molecular genetic association studies as well as genome-wide association studies that focus on the development of antisocial behaviors. In doing so, it also reviews findings related to gene–environment interactions. The chapter concludes by discussing some of the ways in which these findings could be used for intervention and prevention programs.

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