scholarly journals Eastern African Coast

2020 ◽  
pp. 376-394
Author(s):  
Stephanie Wynne-Jones ◽  
Jeffrey Fleisher
Keyword(s):  
Arab World ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
East African ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stylistic Elements ◽  
African Coast ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Coastal Residents ◽  
The Way

This chapter offers an overview of historical and archaeological research on Islam and Islamic practice on the pre-colonial eastern African coast during the late first and early second millennium ce. Due to the visible remains of mosques, tombs, and other stylistic elements influenced by the Islamic heartlands, researchers have always regarded Islam as important to the emergence of Swahili coastal towns. In this way, the archaeology of the Swahili has always been an archaeology of Islam. Archaeological research during the past thirty years, however, has challenged the way an earlier generation of archaeologists characterized Swahili society as resulting from immigrant settlers from the Arab world. These debates, which continue today, are centered on how researchers position the Swahili within the dar al-Islam: Are they increasingly marginalized descendants of early colonists or the result of cosmopolitan engagements of local communities? Uncovering the first-millennium roots of east African Islam has allowed archaeologists to explore the development of coastal Islam, its particular material legacy, and its possible sectarian associations. Building on this research, the authors argue for a shift in research emphasis, from the study of Islamic presence to that of Islamic practice and demonstrate how research on mosques, burials, and coins can provide insights into the way coastal residents enacted Islam in their daily lives.

Trade and society on the south-east African coast in the later first millennium AD: the case of Chibuene

Antiquity ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (333) ◽  
pp. 723-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sinclair ◽  
Anneli Ekblom ◽  
Marilee Wood
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
The South ◽  
East African ◽  
East African Coast ◽  
African Coast ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Beach Site

The south-east coast of Africa in the later first millennium was busy with boats and the movement of goods from across the Indian Ocean to the interior. The landing places were crucial mediators in this process, in Africa as elsewhere. Investigations at the beach site of Chibuene show that a local community was supplying imported beads to such interior sites as Schroda, with the consequent emergence there of hierarchical power structures.

scholarly journals “Sacrosanctum Concilium” e reforma litúrgica pós-conciliar no Brasil. Um olhar panorâmico no contexto histórico geral da liturgia: dificuldades, realizações, desafios

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (250) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
José Ariovaldo da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
The Past ◽  
Liturgical Reform ◽  
The Future ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The Way

Para uma revisão dos 40 anos de aplicação da Constituição “Sacrosanctum Concilium” sobre a Sagrada Liturgia no Brasil – e quiçá em toda a América Latina –, o autor busca situar o documento no contexto histórico geral da liturgia. Primeiro verifica algumas características da liturgia no primeiro milênio da era cristã. Depois, constata como a liturgia foi tratada no segundo milênio, apontando alguns significativos deslocamentos de eixo na compreensão e vivência da mesma. A partir deste panorama histórico comparativo, pode-se entender o porquê da reforma litúrgica, proposta pelo Vaticano II, bem como as dificuldades que ela tem enfrentado em nosso país, não obstante as inúmeras realizações. Daí, enfim, emergem algumas perspectivas e desafios para o futuro.Abstract: In an attempt to examine the application of the Constitution “Sacrosanctum Concilium” on the Sacred Liturgy during the past 40 years in Brazil – and perhaps in Latin America as a whole – the author seeks to place the document in the general historical contexto of the Liturgy. As a first step, he identifies some characteristics of the Liturgy in the first millennium of the Christian Age. Next, he describes how it was dealt with in the second millennium, pointing to some significant deviations in the axle that influenced the way it was interpreted and practiced. With the help of this comparative historical panorama it becomes possible to understand why Vatican II proposed a liturgical reform, as well as the reasons for the difficulties the Liturgy has faced in our country despite its numerous achievements. From the above arguments, there finally emerge some new perspectives and challenges for the future.

East African Coin Finds and Their Historical Significance

1960 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. P. Freeman-Grenville
Keyword(s):  
East African ◽  
East African Coast ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
The Past ◽  
African Coast ◽  
The Future

No historian of Africa can be indifferent to the fact that alone in Africa south of the Sahara the East African coast possesses a link between history and archaeology in its own medieval mints and also in coins imported from other lands during the past two thousand years. Its history is poorly documented, and its archaeology is still to a great extent in the stage of record and survey; the numerous finds of Chinese porcelain and other imported ceramics can at present only be assigned within a bracket of at smallest fifty years: but in the coin finds there is a key for the future establishment of a precise chronology for all of these.

Heritage, Tourism, and Slavery at Shimoni: Narrative and Metanarrative on the East African Coast

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 247-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Wynne-Jones ◽  
Martin Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
National Park ◽  
Heritage Tourism ◽  
East African ◽  
East African Coast ◽  
The Past ◽  
African Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
Important Site

There's a hole in the side of Africa, where the walls will speak if you only listen Walls that tell a tale so sad, that the tears on the cheeks of Africa glisten Stand and hear a million slaves, tell you how they walked so far That many died in misery, while the rest were sold in Zanzibar Shimoni, oh Shimoni, You have to find the answer and the answer has been written down in ShimoniWhen Kenya-born singer-songwriter Roger Whittaker sang these doleful words in 1983, the village of Shimoni was a relatively quiet backwater on the southern Kenya coast, known primarily for its deep-sea fishing club. It is now a much larger and busier place, where tourists come to see the ‘slave cave’ that gives Shimoni its name (Swahili shimo-ni, “at the cave”), and embark on boat trips to Wasini Island and the nearby Kisite-Mpunguti Marine National Park (see Figure 1). Whittaker's song played a significant role in this development, by bringing Shimoni and its caves to wider attention, and focusing on one of a number of narratives about the caves' past usage. The lyrics of ‘Shimoni’ did not simply embellish a local tale, but (re)created it in the image of metanarratives about the history of slavery on the East African coast. As we will argue in this paper, these metarratives now dominate reconstructions of the past in Shimoni, and are reinforced by the activities and institutions that constitute and promote the caves as an important site of cultural heritage.

Excavation and documentation of the Rhodian countryside and Dodecanese islands in the first millennium BC

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 157-175
Author(s):  
Nicholas Salmon
Keyword(s):  
British Museum ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
First Millennium Bc ◽  
Archival Documentation ◽  
The University

This contribution offers an overview of recent fieldwork and museum-based projects focused on the Rhodian countryside and Dodecanese islands. The excavations conducted by the Ephorate of Antiquities of the Dodecanese over the past two decades, paired with the study of Rhodian collections in the Louvre and British Museum, among other museums, have developed and promoted the archaeological record of the region. The Kymissala Archaeological Research Project led by the University of the Aegean and a collaborative doctoral project investigating the British Museum’s collections from Kamiros each demonstrate the potential of revisiting historic excavations through topographical surveys and archival documentation.

Early Muslim Trading Settlements on the East African Coast: New Evidence from Shanga

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Early Period ◽  
East African ◽  
Rock Crystal ◽  
East African Coast ◽  
Trading Systems ◽  
African Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Much archaeological and historical research has recently been devoted to the study of the early Swahili communities inhabiting the East African coast during the late first millennium a.d. The practice of Islam can be shown to date back to perhaps the beginning of the ninth century from when the first mosques have been excavated. The economic importance of East Africa for the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean world is apparent from the wealth of imports and exports found in a large number of these coastal sites. African trading systems brought to medieval society high-value commodities ranging from gold, rock crystal and ivory, to slaves and timber. The items were carried across large distances sea by traders following the seasonal monsoon system around the coasts and across the Indian Ocean. is argued that the trading settlements were African in culture and origin, but then attracted Muslims who were responsible for occasional local converts from a very early period in the history of Islam.

scholarly journals Ancient Javanese Women during the Majapahit period (14th – 15th centuries CE): An Iconographic Study based on the Temple Reliefs | Perempuan Jawa Kuno periode Majapahit (Abad ke-14 – 15 Masehi): Suatu tinjauan Ikonografi terhadap Relief Candi

SPAFA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atina Winaya ◽  
Agus Aris Munandar
Keyword(s):  
Complete Data ◽  
Regular Pattern ◽  
Women's Images ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ancient Literature ◽  
Terracotta Figurines ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Way

The idea of Javanese women's images in the past is more known through literature. Some stories mention them in beautiful poetic words and could be imagined divergently by different people. At the same time, the images of Javanese women could be seen from the temple reliefs. It may be more concrete as its material. The Majapahit period that lasts from 14th to 15th centuries provides quite complete data such as artifactual and textual resources that sufficiently support to reveal the depiction of ancient Javanese women at that time. The Majapahit temples have lots of reliefs that portray the women in the daily lives. These data are useful in an attempt to interpret the depiction of the women images in the Majapahit period. This study using iconographic analysis such as observation, description, and classification. The analysis results are compared to the terracotta figurines and sculptures from the same period. Last, the results are compared to the ancient literature from the same period as well. The final results show a regular pattern which is concluded as the characteristics of the Majapahit women. Not only the images themselves, but the meaning behind them also show that the women in the Majapahit era are more present than before and the way to visualize them is more reliable. Gagasan mengenai penggambaran perempuan Jawa kuno lebih banyak diketahui melalui karya sastra yang berasal dari masa lampau. Beberapa kisah menceritakan mengenai figur mereka melalui narasi yang puitis dan dapat dipahami secara berbeda oleh setiap orang. Bersamaan dengan itu, penggambaran perempuan Jawa kuno juga dapat dilihat pada relief-relief candi. Figurnya nampak lebih konkrit karena digambarkan pada objek material. Periode Majapahit yang berlangsung pada abad ke-14 hingga 15 Masehi menyediakan data yang cukup lengkap meliputi artefak dan sumber tertulis yang dapat digunakan untuk mengungkap penggambaran perempuan di masa Jawa kuno. Candi-candi yang dibangun pada periode Majapahit memiliki sejumlah relief yang menggambarkan perempuan di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Data dibandingkan dengan sumber tertulis sezaman. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan pola yang teratur dan berulang di dalam penggambaran perempuan pada relief candi. Tidak hanya dari segi visualnya saja, namun makna di baliknya juga menunjukkan bahwa perempuan pada periode Majapahit lebih nampak dibandingkan periode sebelumnya, dan cara menggambarkannya lebih bisa diandalkan.

Remembering the Past in Nineteenth-Century Scotland

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prevailing View ◽  
The Way

At a time when the Union between Scotland and England is once again under the spotlight, Remembering the Past in Nineteenth-Century Scotland examines the way in which Scotland’s national heroes were once remembered as champions of both Scottish and British patriotism. Whereas 19th-century Scotland is popularly depicted as a mire of sentimental Jacobitism and kow-towing unionism, this book shows how Scotland’s national heroes were once the embodiment of a consistent, expressive and robust view of Scottish nationality. Whether celebrating the legacy of William Wallace and Robert Bruce, the reformer John Knox, the Covenanters, 19th-century Scots rooted their national heroes in a Presbyterian and unionist view of Scotland’s past. Examined through the prism of commemoration, this book uncovers collective memories of Scotland’s past entirely opposed to 21st-century assumptions of medieval proto-nationalism and Calvinist misery. Detailed studies of 19th-century commemoration of Scotland’s national heroes Uncovers an all but forgotten interpretation of these ‘great Scots’ Shines a new light on the mindset of nineteenth-century Scottish national identity as being comfortably Scottish and British Overturns the prevailing view of Victorian Scottishness as parochial, sentimental tartanry

Profilometry. Using Corneo-scleral topography for scleral lens fitting

The Eye ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (128) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Gregory DeNaeyer
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Way

The world-wide use of scleral contact lenses has dramatically increased over the past 10 year and has changed the way that we manage patients with corneal irregularity. Successfully fitting them can be challenging especially for eyes that have significant asymmetries of the cornea or sclera. The future of scleral lens fitting is utilizing corneo-scleral topography to accurately measure the anterior ocular surface and then using software to design lenses that identically match the scleral surface and evenly vault the cornea. This process allows the practitioner to efficiently fit a customized scleral lens that successfully provides the patient with comfortable wear and improved vision.

Land of Blue Helmets

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Arab World ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
Member States ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Political Mediation

Born in 1945, the United Nations (UN) came to life in the Arab world. It was there that the UN dealt with early diplomatic challenges that helped shape its institutions such as peacekeeping and political mediation. It was also there that the UN found itself trapped in, and sometimes part of, confounding geopolitical tensions in key international conflicts in the Cold War and post-Cold War periods, such as hostilities between Palestine and Iraq and between Libya and Syria. Much has changed over the past seven decades, but what has not changed is the central role played by the UN. This book's claim is that the UN is a constant site of struggle in the Arab world and equally that the Arab world serves as a location for the UN to define itself against the shifting politics of its age. Looking at the UN from the standpoint of the Arab world, this volume includes chapters on the potential and the problems of a UN that is framed by both the promises of its Charter and the contradictions of its member states.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document