RE: “CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS AND MATERNAL DRINKING WATER SUPPLY IN RURAL SOUTH AUSTRALIA: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY”

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to describe the association of childhood undernutrition with water supply, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in Kersa and Omo Nada districts of the Jimma Zone, Ethiopia.Design: A case-control study design was undertaken from December 2018 to January 2019.Setting: Kersa and Omo Nada districts of the Jimma Zone, Ethiopia.Subjects: 128 cases and 256 controls were randomly selected from malnourished and well-nourished children, respectively.Outcome measures: Bodyweight, length/height, mid-upper arm circumference and presence of edema of the children were measured according to the WHO references. Then, the nutritional status of children was identified as case or control using cutoff points recommended by the WHO based on the Z-score, edema, and MUAC values recorded.Results: A total of 378 children were included in this study, with a response rate of 98.44%. Undernutrition was significantly increased among children who delayed breastfeeding initiation (AOR=2.60; 95% CI: 1.02-6.65), diarrhea (AOR=9.50; 95% CI: 5.19-17.36), living with households indexed as the poorest (AOR=2.57; 95% CI: 1.09-6.07) and defecated in a pit latrine without slab/open pit (AOR=2.49; 95% CI: 1.17-5.30), and sometimes practiced hand washing at the critical times (AOR=2.52; 95% CI: 1.10-5.75) compared with their counterparts. However, lactating during the survey (AOR=0.35; 95% CI: 0.18-0.71) and collection and disposal of under-five children feces elsewhere (AOR = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01-0.75) significantly reduced the likelihood of undernutrition.Conclusions: Early initiation of exclusive breastfeeding, diarrhea prevention, the use of improved latrine, and always handwashing practices at critical times could be important variables to improve the nutritional status of children.

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Cancer of the Pancreas and Drinking Water: A Population-based Case-Control Study in Washington County, Maryland

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/136.7.836 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 136 (7) ◽

pp. 836-842 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

C. B. IJsselmuiden ◽

C. Gaydos ◽

B. Feighner ◽

W. L. Novakoski ◽

D. Serwadda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Washington County ◽

Cancer Of The Pancreas ◽

Control Study

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A Case-Control Study of Nitrate in Drinking Water and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Minnesota

Archives of Environmental Health An International Journal ◽

10.1080/00039890009604024 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 326-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

D. Michal Freedman ◽

Kenneth P. Cantor ◽

Mary H. Ward ◽

Kathy J. Helzlsouer

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽

Non Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽

Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽

Control Study

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The association of tryptophan and phenylalanine are associated with arsenic-induced skin lesions in a Chinese population chronically exposed to arsenic via drinking water: a case–control study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025336 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e025336 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yaping Wei ◽

Chaonan Jia ◽

Yuan Lan ◽

Xiangqing Hou ◽

Jingjing Zuo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

High Performance ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Case Control ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression Model ◽

Hetao Plain ◽

Control Study

ObjectivesWe investigated the association of specific serum amino acids (AAs) with the odds of arsenic-induced skin lesions (AISL) and their ability to distinguish patients with AISL from people chronically exposed to arsenic.DesignCase–control study.SettingThree arsenic-exposed villages in Wuyuan County, Hetao Plain, Inner Mongolia, China were evaluated.ParticipantsAmong the 450 residents aged 18–79 years, who were chronically exposed to arsenic via drinking water, 56 were diagnosed as having AISL (defined as cases). Another 56 participants without AISL, matched by gender and age (±1 year) from the same population, were examined as controls.Main outcome measures and methodsAA levels were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis. Potential confounding variables were identified via a standardised questionnaire and clinical examination. Multivariable conditional logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between specific AAs and AISL.ResultsTryptophan and phenylalanine levels were negatively associated with AISL (p<0.05). Compared with that in the first quartile, the adjusted OR of AISL in the second, third and fourth quartiles were decreased by 44%, 88% and 79% for tryptophan and 30%, 80% and 80% for phenylalanine, respectively. The combination of these two higher-level AAs showed the lowest OR for AISL (OR=0.08; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.25; p<0.001). Furthermore, both AAs showed a moderate ability to distinguish patients with AISL from the control, with the area under the curve (AUC; 95% CI) as 0.67 (0.57 to 0.77) for tryptophan and 0.70 (0.60 to 0.80) for phenylalanine (p<0.05). The combined pattern with AUC (95% CI) was 0.72 (0.62 to 0.81), showing a sensitivity of 76.79% and specificity of 58.93% (p<0.001).ConclusionsSpecific AAs may be linked to AISL and play important roles in early AISL identification.Trial Registration numberNCT02235948.

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