Calcium, Magnesium, and Free Fatty Acids in the Formation of Gallstones: A Nested Case-Control Study

Aim: Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are inversely related to coronary heart disease (CHD) in epidemiological studies. We examined the associations of plasma n-6 and n-3 PUFA in cholesteryl esters with fatal CHD in a nested case-control study. Methods We used data from two population-based cohort studies in Dutch adults aged 20-65 years. Blood sampling and data collection took place from 1987–1997 and subjects were followed for 8–19 years. We identified 279 incident cases of fatal CHD (235 fatal myocardial infarctions and 44 cardiac arrests) and randomly selected 279 controls, matched on age, gender, and enrollment date. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated per standard deviation (SD) increase of fatty acids in cholesteryl esters using multivariable conditional logistic regression models. Results After adjustment for confounders, the OR (95% CI) for fatal CHD per SD increase in plasma linoleic acid was 0.89 (0.74-1.06). Additional adjustment for plasma total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure attenuated this association (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.78–1.15). Plasma arachidonic acid was not associated with fatal CHD (OR per SD: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.92-1.35). The ORs (95% CI) for fatal CHD for an SD increase in n-3 PUFA were 0.92 (0.74-1.15) for plasma alpha-linolenic acid and 1.06 (0.88-1.27) for plasma EPA-DHA. Conclusion In this Dutch adult population, arachidonic acid and n-3 PUFA in cholesteryl esters were not related to fatal CHD. Our data support findings from previous prospective studies showing a lower proportion of linoleic acid in plasma cholesteryl esters in CHD cases.

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Serum fatty acids and risk of advanced β-cell autoimmunity: a nested case–control study among children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type I diabetes

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1038/ejcn.2010.75 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 64 (8) ◽

pp. 792-799 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

S M Virtanen ◽

S Niinistö ◽

J Nevalainen ◽

I Salminen ◽

H-M Takkinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Type I Diabetes ◽

Case Control ◽

Type I ◽

Β Cell ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study ◽

Serum Fatty Acids

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Abstract 15888: N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Erythrocyte Membranes and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death in Primary and Secondary Prevention

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.15888 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie E Chiuve ◽

Nancy R Cook ◽

Martin J Vandenburgh ◽

Eric B Rimm ◽

JoAnn E Manson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Sudden Cardiac Death ◽

Cardiac Death ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study ◽

Long Chain

Introduction: Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have anti-arrhythmic effects in experimental studies and blood levels of EPA + DHA, an objective marker of intake, have been associated with lower risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in healthy populations. However, data from observational studies and clinical trials of n-3 PUFAs in secondary prevention have been mixed. Methods: We conducted a nested, case-control study among individuals from 6 prospective cohort studies. RBC levels of α-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and DHA were measured in 442 cases of SCD and 852 controls matched on age, sex, race, smoking status, fasting status and prevalent and incident CVD using risk-set sampling. The Omega-3 Index was estimated as EPA + DHA. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) separately in each cohort. The RRs were combined using random effect meta-analyses and stratified by presence of absence of known CVD prior to SCD. Results: In this population, the mean age was 64 years, 51% were women and 41% had prior CVD. Higher EPA and DHA levels, as summarized by the Omega-3 Index, were associated with lower risk of SCD in the entire population (Table). Compared to the lowest quintile, the RR in the highest quintile of the Omega-3 Index was 0.40 (95%CI, 0.21-0.77; P, trend= 0.04). When stratified by history of prior CVD, this association was restricted to individuals without prior CVD (Table, P, trend = 0.03). Neither DPA nor ALA was associated with risk of SCD in those with or without CVD. Conclusions: In this prospective nested, case-control study, the inverse association between long-chain n-3 PUFAs and SCD was limited to individuals without prior CVD. These data suggest that the utility of n-3 PUFAs as markers of SCD and/or as preventative dietary supplements may be greater in a primary prevention population.

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