Gravity-Induced Changes in Intracellular Potentials in Elongating Cortical Cells of Mung Bean Roots

1990 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Intracellular Potentials ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals Naturally Derived Polyphenols Protect Against Corticosterone-Induced Changes in Primary Cortical Neurons

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 765-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Donoso ◽  
Valerie T Ramírez ◽  
Anna V Golubeva ◽  
Gerard M Moloney ◽  
Catherine Stanton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Receptor Sensitivity ◽  
Bdnf Mrna ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Enhance Cell Survival

Abstract Background Polyphenols are phytochemicals that have been associated with therapeutic effects in stress-related disorders. Indeed, studies suggest that polyphenols exert significant neuroprotection against multiple neuronal injuries, including oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, but the mechanisms are unclear. Evidence indicates that polyphenol neuroprotection may be mediated by activation of Nrf2, a transcription factor associated with antioxidant and cell survival responses. On the other hand, in stress-linked disorders, Fkbp5 is a novel molecular target for treatment because of its capacity to regulate glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity. However, it is not clear the role Fkbp5 plays in polyphenol-mediated stress modulation. In this study, the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of the naturally derived polyphenols xanthohumol and quercetin against cytotoxicity induced by corticosterone were investigated in primary cortical cells. Methods Primary cortical cells containing both neurons and astrocytes were pre-incubated with different concentrations of quercetin and xanthohumol to examine the neuroprotective effects of polyphenols on cell viability, morphology, and gene expression following corticosterone insult. Results Both polyphenols tested prevented the reduction of cell viability and alterations of neuronal/astrocytic numbers due to corticosterone exposure. Basal levels of Bdnf mRNA were also decreased after corticosterone insult; however, this was reversed by both polyphenol treatments. Interestingly, the Nrf2 inhibitor blocked xanthohumol but not quercetin-mediated neuroprotection. In contrast, we found that Fkbp5 expression is exclusively modulated by quercetin. Conclusions These results suggest that naturally derived polyphenols protect cortical cells against corticosterone-induced cytotoxicity and enhance cell survival via modulation of the Nrf2 pathway and expression of Fkbp5.

EFFECTS OF CORTICOSTERONE ON ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIN-INDUCED MITOCHONDRIAL DIFFERENTIATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO 11β-AND 18-HYDROXYLATION

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SALMENPERÄ ◽  
A. I. KAHRI ◽  
A. SAURE
Keyword(s):  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Dibutyryl Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adrenocortical Cells ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Foetal Rat ◽  
Rat Adrenals ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Regulation Of Growth ◽  
Venous Plasma

SUMMARY The effects of corticosterone in concentrations found in adrenal venous plasma on ACTH-induced changes in cultured cortical cells derived from foetal rat adrenals were studied. Corticosterone at a concentration of 5·7 × 10−5 mol/l completely inhibited mitochondrial differentiation to fasciculate-like morphology. The same cultures revealed significant inhibition of 11β- and 18-hydroxylation compared with cultures treated with ACTH only. This was shown by the reduced formation of corticosterone and 18-OH-deoxycorticosterone (48%, P < 0·001) and simultaneous enhancement of deoxycorticosterone formation (33%, P < 0·05) from added [4-14C]progesterone. Similar inhibition was observed when dibutyryl cyclic AMP replaced ACTH as an inducer of differentiation. Lower concentrations of corticosterone (1·2 × 10−5 and 2·4 × 10−5 mol/l) inhibited ACTH-stimulated formation of corticosterone and 18-OH-deoxycorticosterone from endogenous precursors. The results demonstrate that corticosterone regulates the stage of differentiation in cultured adrenocortical cells. The possible role of corticosterone in the regulation of growth and steroidogenic capacity of the adrenal cortex is discussed.

scholarly journals Cell Wall Texture Along The Growth Gradient OF The Mung Bean Hypocotyl: Ordered Assembly and Dissipative Processes

1982 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-318
Author(s):  
JEAN-CLAUDE ROLAND ◽  
DANIELE REIS ◽  
MICHELE MOSINIAK ◽  
BRIGITTE VIAN
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Growth State ◽  
Bean Hypocotyl ◽  
Ordered Assembly ◽  
Twisted Plywood ◽  
Cell Wall Texture

A step-by-step analysis of wall characteristics was performed along a defined growth gradient in order to follow the dynamics of changes in wall organization according to the state of elongation of the cell. Specimens were taken from the elongating zone of 3-day-old mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) hypocotyls grown in constant culture conditions. A technical procedure was developed in order to perform a complete series of observations along the growth gradient of individual hypocotyls and at the same time to locate the levels in relation with the growth state. Weight and thickness measurements were performed in parallel with observations of changes in wall texture using ultrastructural cytochemistry (periodic acid/thiocarbohydrazide/silver proteinate test for polysaccharides associated with dimethylsulphoxide and methylamine extractions). Ultrastructural observations were made on cortical cells, mainly on epidermal cells. For a cell that runs through the complete growth process the preliminary phase is a massive elaboration of wall subunits. The wall thus built is highly ordered (twisted plywood). Both thickness and order are maximal when the cell reaches the exponential phase of extension. An unstable balance exists between ordered assembly (with new layer deposition) at the inner wall, and dispersion of subunits (resulting from extension) at the outer wall. Growth takes place at the expense of thickness and the pre-established order. The balance is rapidly shifted and the dispersion of the subunits progressively predominates. Wall construction being no longer continued, elongation slows down and stops. The wall acts as a dissipative structure changing from order to a subsequent irreversible disorder. In terms of growth capacity, the more ordered the wall is, the more extendible is the cell. The cessation of growth occurs when order has been completely lost. The results indicate that apparently conflicting concepts proposed in the literature, for the organization of the wall during cell elongation, are not mutually exclusive in the tissues studied.

Identification of the Cellular Location of Internalized Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Mung Bean, Vigna radiata, by Immunocytochemical Techniques

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1224-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMANDA J. DEERING ◽  
ROBERT E. PRUITT ◽  
LISA J. MAUER ◽  
BRADLEY L. REUHS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Immunocytochemical Techniques

Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been associated with numerous outbreaks involving fresh produce. Previous studies have shown that bacteria can be internalized within plant tissue and that this can be a source of protection from antimicrobial chemicals and environmental conditions. However, the types of tissue and cellular locations the bacteria occupy in the plant following internalization have not been addressed. In this study, immunocytochemical techniques were used to localize internalized E. coli O157:H7 expressing green fluorescent protein in germinated mung bean (Vigna radiata) hypocotyl tissue following contamination of intact seeds. An average of 13 bacteria per mm3 were localized within the sampled tissue. The bacteria were found to be associated with every major tissue and corresponding cell type (cortex, phloem, xylem, epidermis, and pith). The cortical cells located on the outside of the vascular bundles contained the majority of the internalized bacteria (61%). In addition, the bacteria were localized primarily to the spaces between the cells (apoplast) and not within the cells. Growth experiments were also performed and demonstrated that mung bean plants could support the replication of bacteria to high levels (107 CFU per plant) following seed contamination and that these levels could be sustained over a 12-day period. Therefore, E. coli O157:H7 can be internalized in many different plant tissue types after a brief seed contamination event, and the bacteria are able to grow and persist within the plant.

IBA-induced changes in antioxidant enzymes during adventitious rooting in mung bean seedlings: The role of H2O2

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Weng Li ◽  
Lingui Xue ◽  
Shijian Xu ◽  
Huyuan Feng ◽  
Lizhe An
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Induced Changes

Adaptation in single units in visual cortex: The tuning of aftereffects in the temporal domain

1989 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Saul ◽  
M. S. Cynader
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Direction Selectivity ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Visual Cortical ◽  
Velocity Matching ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Direction Opposite

AbstractAdaptation-induced changes in the temporal-frequency tuning and direction selectivity of cat visual cortical cells were studied. Aftereffects were induced largely independent of direction. Adapting in either direction reduced responses in both directions. Aftereffects in the direction opposite that adapted were only slightly weaker than were aftereffects in the adapted direction. No cell showed any enhancement of responses to drifting test stimuli after adapting with moving gratings. Adapting in a cell's null direction usually had no effect. Dramatic differences between the adaptation characteristics of moving and stationary stimuli were observed, however.Furthermore, aftereffects were temporal frequency specific. Temporal frequency-specific aftereffects were found in both directions: adapting in one direction induced frequency-specific effects in both directions. This bidirectionality of frequency-specific aftereffects applied to the spatial domain as well. Often, aftereffects in the direction opposite that adapted were more narrowly tuned.In general, adaptation could shift a cell's preferred temporal frequency. Aftereffects were most prominent at high temporal frequencies when testing in the adapted direction. Aftereffects seemed to be more closely linked to temporal frequency than to velocity matching.These results constrain models of cortical connectivity. In particular, we argue against schemes by which direction selectivity is generated by inhibiting a cell specifically when stimulated in the nonpreferred direction. Instead, we argue that cells receive bidirectional spatially and temporally tuned inputs, which could combine in spatiotemporal quadrature to produce direction selectivity.

scholarly journals Herbicide induced changes in nutrient and antinutrient content during mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) seed development

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Kumari Namrata ◽  
Jhuma Datta ◽  
Rajeev Kumar ◽  
A Chakravarty ◽  
Srikumar Pal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals Growth and Anatomical Parameters of Adventitious Roots Formed on Mung Bean Hypocotyls Are Correlated with Galactoglucomannan Oligosaccharides Structure

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kollárová ◽  
I. Zelko ◽  
M. Henselová ◽  
P. Capek ◽  
D. Lišková
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Exogenous Auxin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Galactoglucomannan Oligosaccharides

The effect of galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (GGMOs) compared with chemically modified oligosaccharides, GGMOs-g (with reduced number of D-galactose side chains) and GGMOs-r (with reduced reducing ends) on mung bean (Vigna radiata(L.) Wilczek) adventitious roots formation, elongation, and anatomical structure have been studied. All types of oligosaccharides influenced adventitious root formation in the same way: stimulation in the absence of exogenous auxin and inhibition in the presence of exogenous auxin. Both reactions are probably related with the presence/content of endogenous auxin in plant cuttings. However, the adventitious root length was inhibited by GGMOs both in the absence as well as in the presence of auxin (IBA or NAA), while GGMOs-g inhibition was significantly weaker compared with GGMOs. GGMOs-r were without significant difference on both processes, compared with GGMOs. GGMOs affected not only the adventitious root length but also their anatomy in dependence on the combination with certain type of auxin. The oligosaccharides influenced cortical cells division, which was reflected in the cortex area and in the root diameter. All processes followed were dependent on oligosaccharides chemical structure. The results suggest also that GGM-derived oligosaccharides may play an important role in adventitious roots elongation but not in their formation.

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