scholarly journals Achievements of Hinode in the first eleven years

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Khalid Al-Janabi ◽  
Patrick Antolin ◽  
Deborah Baker ◽  
Luis R Bellot Rubio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Physics ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Optical Telescope ◽  
Imaging Spectrometer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Euv Imaging

Abstract Hinode is Japan’s third solar mission following Hinotori (1981–1982) and Yohkoh (1991–2001): it was launched on 2006 September 22 and is in operation currently. Hinode carries three instruments: the Solar Optical Telescope, the X-Ray Telescope, and the EUV Imaging Spectrometer. These instruments were built under international collaboration with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council, and its operation has been contributed to by the European Space Agency and the Norwegian Space Center. After describing the satellite operations and giving a performance evaluation of the three instruments, reviews are presented on major scientific discoveries by Hinode in the first eleven years (one solar cycle long) of its operation. This review article concludes with future prospects for solar physics research based on the achievements of Hinode.

scholarly journals Prisma: A New Space Mission For Stellar Physics

1993 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 812-819
Author(s):  
T. Appourchaux ◽  
D. Gough ◽  
P. Hyoyng ◽  
C. Catala ◽  
S. Frandsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Space Agency ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
New Space

PRISMA (Probing Rotation and Interior of Stars: Microvariability and Activity) is a new space mission of the European Space Agency. PRISMA is currently in a Phase A study with 3 other competitors. PRISMA is the only ESA-only mission amongst those four and only one mission will be selected in Spring 1993 to become a real space mission.The goal of the Phase A study is to determine whether the payload of PRISMA can be accommodated on a second unit of the X-ray Multi-Mirror (XMM) bus; and whether the budget of the PRISMA mission can be kept below 265 MAU (’88 Economic conditions). The XMM mission is an approved cornerstone and is in a Phase A together with PRISMA.

scholarly journals Future Prospects for Solar EUV and Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy Missions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solar Physics ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
X Ray

Future prospects for solar spectroscopy missions operating in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray (SXR) wavelength ranges, 1.2–1,600 Å, are discussed. NASA is the major funder of Solar Physics missions, and brief summaries of the opportunities for mission development under NASA are given. Upcoming major solar missions from other nations are also described. The methods of observing the Sun in the two wavelength ranges are summarized with a discussion of spectrometer types, imaging techniques and detector options. The major spectral features in the EUV and SXR regions are identified, and then the upcoming instruments and concepts are summarized. The instruments range from large spectrometers on dedicated missions, to tiny, low-cost CubeSats launched through rideshare opportunities.

Hermann Bondi. 1 November 1919 — 10 September 2005

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Roxburgh
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Director General ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Applied Mathematician ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
Scientific Adviser ◽  
Foundational Work ◽  
The Uk

Hermann Bondi was an applied mathematician of distinction who will be remembered by fellow scientists for his outstanding contributions to astronomy, cosmology and General Relativity, and particularly for his pioneering contributions to our understanding of gravitational waves, his foundational work on accretion, and as co–creator with Tommy Gold and Fred Hoyle of the steady state theory of cosmology. But Hermann had an equally important second career in scientific administration: advising the UK Government on the Thames Barrier, as Director General of the European Space Research Organisation (ESRO; now the European Space Agency (ESA)), as Chief Scientific Adviser to the UK Government on Defence and then on Energy, as Chairman of the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), and finally as Master of Churchill College, Cambridge. He was knighted in 1973. He continued his research on gravitational radiation throughout his administrative career and published his 16th paper in the series on gravitational waves in 2004. Hermann will be remembered not only for his contributions to science and administration but also for his outstanding communication skills and as a charismatic, warm, and stimulating person.

scholarly journals The Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager for Solar Orbiter: SO/PHI

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (S305) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami K. Solanki ◽  
Jose Carlos del Toro Iniesta ◽  
Joachim Woch ◽  
Achim Gandorfer ◽  
Johann Hirzberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Solar Surface ◽  
Solar Physics ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Magnetic Coupling ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Heliographic Latitude ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Visible Wavelengths

AbstractThe Solar Orbiter is the next solar physics mission of the European Space Agency, ESA, in collaboration with NASA, with a launch planned in 2018. The spacecraft is designed to approach the Sun to within 0.28 AU at perihelion of a highly eccentric orbit. The proximity with the Sun will also allow its observation at uniformly high resolution at EUV and visible wavelengths. Such observations are central for learning more about the magnetic coupling of the solar atmosphere. At a later phase in the mission the spacecraft will leave the ecliptic and study the enigmatic poles of the Sun from a heliographic latitude of up to 33○.A central instrument of Solar Orbiter} is the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager, SO/PHI. It will do full Stokes imaging in the Landé g = 2.5 Fe I 617.3 nm line. It is composed of two telescopes, a full-disk telescope and a high-resolution telescope, that will allow observations at a resolution as high as 200 km on the solar surface. SO/PHI will also be the first solar polarimeter to leave the Sun-Earth line, opening up new possibilities, such as stereoscopic polarimetry (besides stereoscopic imaging of the photosphere and stereoscopic helioseismology). Finally, SO/PHI will have a unique view of the solar poles, allowing not just more precise and exact measurements of the polar field than possible so far, but also enabling us to follow the dynamics of individual magnetic features at high latitudes and to determine solar surface and sub-surface flows right up to the poles.In this paper an introduction to the science goals and the capabilities of SO/PHI will be given, as well as a brief overview of the instrument and of the current status of its development.

scholarly journals Detection capabilities of the Athena X-IFU for the warm-hot intergalactic medium using gamma-ray burst X-ray afterglows

2020 ◽  
Vol 642 ◽  
pp. A24
Author(s):  
Sarah Walsh ◽  
Sheila McBreen ◽  
Antonio Martin-Carrillo ◽  
Thomas Dauser ◽  
Nastasha Wijers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Intergalactic Medium ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Baryonic Density ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
High Statistical Significance

At low redshifts, the observed baryonic density falls far short of the total number of baryons predicted. Cosmological simulations suggest that these baryons reside in filamentary gas structures, known as the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). As a result of the high temperatures of these filaments, the matter is highly ionised such that it absorbs and emits far-UV and soft X-ray photons. Athena, the proposed European Space Agency X-ray observatory, aims to detect the “missing” baryons in the WHIM up to redshifts of z = 1 through absorption in active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow spectra, allowing for the study of the evolution of these large-scale structures of the Universe. This work simulates WHIM filaments in the spectra of GRB X-ray afterglows with Athena using the SImulation of X-ray TElescopes framework. We investigate the feasibility of their detection with the X-IFU instrument, through O VII (E = 573 eV) and O VIII (E = 674 eV) absorption features, for a range of equivalent widths imprinted onto GRB afterglow spectra of observed starting fluxes ranging between 10−12 and 10−10 erg cm−2 s−1, in the 0.3−10 keV energy band. The analyses of X-IFU spectra by blind line search show that Athena will be able to detect O VII−O VIII absorption pairs with EWO VII > 0.13 eV and EWO VIII > 0.09 eV for afterglows with F > 2 × 10−11 erg cm−2 s−1. This allows for the detection of ≈ 45−137 O VII−O VIII absorbers during the four-year mission lifetime. The work shows that to obtain an O VII−O VIII detection of high statistical significance, the local hydrogen column density should be limited at NH < 8 × 1020 cm−2.

Article 189 TFEU

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sacha Garben
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Space Policy ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Space Activities ◽  
The Eu

For a long time, space policy was pursued outside the EU framework either by MS individually or through independent cooperation structures, such as the European Space Agency (ESA). The intergovernmental ESA Convention was signed in Paris on 30 May 1975 by Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the UK and entered into force on 30 October 1980. While the EU’s involvement in space activities had been developing already since the 1980s, with the establishment of the Galileo and Copernicus space programmes at the turn of the millennium, these activities were only given a firm footing in the EU primary law by the ToL’s introduction of Article 189 TFEU.

Harry Elliot CBE. 28 June 1920 — 5 July 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 97-127
Author(s):  
David Southwood
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Space Science ◽  
Space Research ◽  
Royal Air Force ◽  
International Geophysical Year ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
The Uk ◽  
High Level

Harry Elliot, a pioneer of British space science and known worldwide for his work on cosmic rays, passed away in July 2009. Coming from a farming family in the Anglo-Scottish borders, he entered Manchester University at the outbreak of war. After service in the Coastal Command of the Royal Air Force, he returned to Manchester to work with Patrick Blackett on the origin of primary cosmic rays, a scientific pursuit he followed for the rest of his career. In 1954 he moved with Blackett to Imperial College. After playing an important part in the International Geophysical Year, the dawn of the space age gave him the opportunity to be the originator of one of the major British space research groups. Subsequently, through his long-standing service at high level in the UK Science Research Council, the European Space Research Organisation and the European Space Agency, he played an important part in steering the development of British astronomical facilities as well as the evolution of European space science.

The Royal Society's formative role in UK space research

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Pounds
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Space Science ◽  
Space Research ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Uk

Before the formation of the Science Research Council (SRC) in 1965, the Royal Society played the key role, as both advocate and adviser to relevant government departments, in establishing the foundations of UK Space Research. The Society's Gassiot Committee was instrumental in the creation of a competitive university space research community, preparing the way for the active involvement of the UK in the NASA space science programme, and a leading role in Europe as founding members of the European Space Research Organisation, a forerunner of the European Space Agency. Although the Royal Society's formal responsibilities ended with the creation of the SRC, strong representation of Fellows within the early SRC structure helped ensure the continuity and growing international impact of UK space science. Although investment in space research in the UK subsequently fell well below that of other G7 nations (in GDP terms), the legacy of the efforts of the Royal Society can be found in the continuing high reputation of UK space science and in a strong UK space industry, which has a current annual turnover of £6 billion and a workforce of some 68 000.

Exosat for Ground-based Observers

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-460
Author(s):  
A. B. Giles
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Unique Capability

The first version of this mission was approved by the European Space Agency (ESA) Council in 1973 but did not infact start its Phase B study until 1977. The early baseline design had been constrained by the requirement to make the spacecraft compatible in size and weight with the performance of a NASA Delta rocket, since this was seen as a necessary back-up to Ariane, then at an early stage of development. The mission payload then evolved with time due to the changing role dictated by the technical successes and observations made by the series of well-known X-ray satellites. The final spacecraft has emerged to have a unique capability since all the other X-ray satellites except the small Hakucho have now expired.

scholarly journals Czech Participation in the INTEGRAL Satellite: A Review

10.14311/1314 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hudec ◽  
M. Blažek ◽  
V. Hudcová
Keyword(s):  
European Space Agency ◽  
Cataclysmic Variables ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Space Agency

The ESA INTEGRAL satellite, launched in October 2002, is the first astrophysical satellite of the European Space Agency ESA with Czech participation. The results of the first 7 years of investigations of various scientific targets e.g. cataclysmic variables, blazars, X-ray sources, and GRBs with the ESA INTEGRAL satellite with Czech participation are briefly presented and discussed.

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