scholarly journals Among healthy children, what toilet-training strategy is most effective and prevents fewer adverse events (stool withholding and dysfunctional voiding)?

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Russell
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Toilet Training ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Dysfunctional Voiding ◽  
Training Strategy

The efficacy of a wetting alarm diaper for toilet training of young healthy children in a day-care center: A randomized control trial

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Vermandel ◽  
Marijke Van Kampen ◽  
Stefan De Wachter ◽  
Joost Weyler ◽  
Jean-Jacques Wyndaele
Keyword(s):  
Day Care ◽  
Randomized Control Trial ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Toilet Training ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Day Care Center ◽  
Randomized Control

scholarly journals Viral lower respiratory tract infections—strict admission guidelines for young children can safely reduce admissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Beier Havdal ◽  
Britt Nakstad ◽  
Hans Olav Fjærli ◽  
Christian Ness ◽  
Christopher Inchley
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Common Cause

AbstractViral lower respiratory tract infection (VLRTI) is the most common cause of hospital admission among small children in high-income countries. Guidelines to identify children in need of admission are lacking in the literature. In December 2012, our hospital introduced strict guidelines for admission. This study aims to retrospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of the guidelines. We performed a single-center retrospective administrative database search and medical record review. ICD-10 codes identified children < 24 months assessed at the emergency department for VLRTI for a 10-year period. To identify adverse events related to admission guidelines implementation, we reviewed patient records for all those discharged on primary contact followed by readmission within 14 days. During the study period, 3227 children younger than 24 months old were assessed in the ED for VLRTI. The proportion of severe adverse events among children who were discharged on their initial emergency department contact was low both before (0.3%) and after the intervention (0.5%) (p=1.0). Admission rates before vs. after the intervention were for previously healthy children > 90 days 65.3% vs. 53.3% (p<0.001); for healthy children ≤ 90 days 85% vs. 68% (p<0.001); and for high-risk comorbidities 74% vs. 71% (p=0.5).Conclusion: After implementation of admission guidelines for VLRTI, there were few adverse events and a significant reduction in admissions to the hospital from the emergency department. Our admission guidelines may be a safe and helpful tool in the assessment of children with VLRTI. What is Known:• Viral lower respiratory tract infection, including bronchiolitis, is the most common cause of hospitalization for young children in the developed world. Treatment is mainly supportive, and hospitalization should be limited to the cases in need of therapeutic intervention.• Many countries have guidelines for the management of the disease, but the decision on whom to admit for inpatient treatment is often subjective and may vary even between physicians in the same hospital. What is New:• Implementation of admission criteria for viral lower respiratory tract infection may reduce the rate of hospital admissions without increasing adverse events.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Vaccination Status Among Children with Inborn Errors of Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pınar Yılmazbaş ◽  
Nafiye Emel Çakar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Infections generate a metabolic stress in children with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) and worsen the metabolic abnormalities. Immunization practices prevent children with IEM from vaccine preventable infections and decreases mortality and morbidity. It is recommended to vaccinate children with IEM with the same schedule for healthy children, but there are some precautions. The aim of this study is to investigate vaccination status and vaccine delays among children with IEM. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 99 children with IEM. Patients who were diagnosed with IEM up to 18 years of age constituted the study population. Existing comorbid conditions, and additional diseases were questioned. Immunization rates and its relationship between clinical classification, existing comorbid conditions and additional diseases were assessed. Adverse events after vaccinations were questioned. Results: Among 99 patients with IEM, 14 had vaccine delays. The incidence of vaccine delay in patients in the stable group was significantly lower than sickest and chronic groups. There was statistically significant difference between comorbid and additional disease, and presence of vaccine delay. No adverse events after vaccinations were declared. Conclusion: Clinical characteristics of the disease, comorbid situations and additional diseases may be the reasons of vaccine delays in patients with IEM. Questioning the vaccination status at metabolism outpatient clinics, and opportunistic vaccinating during hospitalization if possible, may prevent vaccine delays of children with IEM.

scholarly journals A comparison of dysfunctional voiding scores between patients with nocturnal enuresis and healthy children

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 1091-1094
Author(s):  
Özlem BOYBEYİ ◽  
Mustafa Kemal ASLAN ◽  
Emine Gül DURMUŞ ◽  
İsmail ÖZMEN ◽  
Tutku SOYER
Keyword(s):  
Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Dysfunctional Voiding

scholarly journals Commentary on Article: Efficacy of a Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine in Healthy Children and Adolescents (NEJM, Nov 21 2019)

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
A. M. Meer Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Additional Observation ◽  
Dengue Vaccine ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Phase Iii Trial ◽  
Chimeric Vaccine

In this Letter to the Editor, this author comments on the article in the NEJM (Nov 21 2019) in the above title on the TAK-003 Dengue vaccine Phase III trial from a point of comparing with the predecessor, the CYD-TDV, beside comparing the TAK-003 and Severe dengue, and the TAK-003 and hospitalizations. The author also queries why the vaccine must be a chimeric-vaccine, questions the sample-size in the Phase III trial and questions the Serious Adverse Events reported observed in the trial. He write on Antibody Directed Enhancement in a relation to the TAK-003. The author make Additional Observation and seek certain Explanation.

scholarly journals Study of Dexmedetomidine in Caudal Block for Children Undergoing Inguino-scrotal Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
B. Gautam ◽  
B. Piya ◽  
D. Karki
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Local Anaesthetics ◽  
P Value ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Caudal Block ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Hemodynamic Variables ◽  
Caudal Analgesia ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background Caudal block is the most common anaesthetic technique employed in children for managing perioperative pain of inguino-scrotal surgery. However, despite using long-acting local anaesthetics, caudal analgesia lasts relatively shorter. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 agonist, augments local anaesthetic action. Objective To assess the analgesic effect of caudal Dexmedetomidine. Method This is a randomized, double-blinded study conducted on otherwise healthy children (one to five years) undergoing elective inguino-scrotal surgery. General anaesthesia was administered and a laryngeal mask airway was inserted for assisting ventilation. The caudal block was applied using 0.8 milliliters/kilogram drug volume comprising either two milligrams/kilogram Bupivacaine in group A (n=42) or two milligrams/ kilogram Bupivacaine mixed with 0.75 micrograms/kilogram Dexmedetomidine in group B (n=42). Intraoperatively, inhaled Halothane, intravenous Fentanyl, fluids, and ventilation were titrated to maintain monitored hemodynamic variables within 15% from baseline values. The primary endpoint comprised the duration of analgesia, defined by a time when postoperative pain score (face, legs, activity, cry, consolability; FLACC scale) reached four out of ten. Perioperative events were studied for 24 hours. Student’s t-test and Chi-square test were used for analysis, with p-value less than 0.05 considered as significant. Result Demographic, surgical, and anaesthetic characteristics were similar between the groups. Duration of analgesia was significantly prolonged in group B (group B, 413±101 minutes; group A, 204±40 minutes). The intraoperative requirement for supplement Fentanyl was significantly reduced in group B. Adverse events were comparable between the groups. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine prolongs the duration of analgesia when mixed with caudal Bupivacaine, without increasing adverse events.

Toilet Training Method Is Not Related to Dysfunctional Voiding

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Colaco ◽  
Kelly Johnson ◽  
Dona Schneider ◽  
Joseph Barone
Keyword(s):  
Toilet Training ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Dysfunctional Voiding
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