scholarly journals Evaluation of Vaccination Status Among Children with Inborn Errors of Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pınar Yılmazbaş ◽  
Nafiye Emel Çakar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Infections generate a metabolic stress in children with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) and worsen the metabolic abnormalities. Immunization practices prevent children with IEM from vaccine preventable infections and decreases mortality and morbidity. It is recommended to vaccinate children with IEM with the same schedule for healthy children, but there are some precautions. The aim of this study is to investigate vaccination status and vaccine delays among children with IEM. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 99 children with IEM. Patients who were diagnosed with IEM up to 18 years of age constituted the study population. Existing comorbid conditions, and additional diseases were questioned. Immunization rates and its relationship between clinical classification, existing comorbid conditions and additional diseases were assessed. Adverse events after vaccinations were questioned. Results: Among 99 patients with IEM, 14 had vaccine delays. The incidence of vaccine delay in patients in the stable group was significantly lower than sickest and chronic groups. There was statistically significant difference between comorbid and additional disease, and presence of vaccine delay. No adverse events after vaccinations were declared. Conclusion: Clinical characteristics of the disease, comorbid situations and additional diseases may be the reasons of vaccine delays in patients with IEM. Questioning the vaccination status at metabolism outpatient clinics, and opportunistic vaccinating during hospitalization if possible, may prevent vaccine delays of children with IEM.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF ASTHMAAND ITS MEDICATIONS ON DENTAL CARIES STATUS AND STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS COUNT IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Sneha Upadhyay ◽  
Jyoti Bhavthankar ◽  
Mandakini Mandale ◽  
Nivedita Kaorey
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Asthma and its medications have been linked to oral diseases in asthmatic children. Aim: Assessment of the dental caries status, salivary Streptococcus mutans count and S. mutans colony score in children receiving inhaled anti asthmatic medications and their comparison in healthy children Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was performed on 40 asthmatic children and 40 healthy children in the age group of 6-14 years. DMFT/deft indices were calculated and saliva samples were collected. Diluted saliva was inoculated on MSB agar plates. S. mutans count and colony score were analysed after 24-48 hours of inoculation. Results: Statistically significant difference was observed in the mean DMFT/deft index, salivary S. mutans load and S. mutans colony score in children of the asthmatic group and control group. Conclusion: Prevalence of dental caries and cariogenic bacteria is higher in asthmatic children.

scholarly journals Comparing Executive Functions in Normal and Diabetic Children in the City of Isfahan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloofar Sadat Shokrekhodaei ◽  
Zahra Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diabetic Children ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
The City

Background: The emergence of chronic physiologic diseases such as diabetes damages the children's psychological, cognitive, communicational, social and emotional processes. Therefore, the present study was aimed to compare executive functions in normal and diabetic children. Methods: The research method was cross-sectional. The statistical population included healthy and sick children in 2019 in Isfahan. The statistical population of the study included diabetic children and 150 healthy children who were selected through convenient sampling method. The applied questionnaires were the executive functions. The data from the study were analyzed through t method. Results: There is a significant difference between diabetic children and healthy ones in the variable of executive functions (p < 0.001). In a way that diabetic children got lower mean scores in executive functions. The mean scores of executive functions of children with diabetes were 233.63 and the mean scores of non-children with diabetes were 192.64. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that diabetes causes the decrease of executive functions due to being chronic and this process emphasizes the necessity of applying child-oriented psychological interventions for these people.

Physical activity and obesity in children with congenital cardiac disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trenda D. Ray ◽  
Angela Green ◽  
Karen Henry
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Congenital Cardiac Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Obesity In Children

AbstractBackgroundChildren with congenital cardiac disease experience challenges in developing healthy patterns of physical activity due to decreased exercise capacity and parental fear and confusion about what is permissible. The purpose of this study was to describe physical activity habits in children 10–14 years of age with congenital cardiac disease and the relationship of those habits to obesity as defined by body mass index.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used self-report measures and clinical data to describe the association between physical activity participation and body mass index in 10- to 14-year-old children with congenital cardiac disease. Further, physical activity levels were compared between children who were overweight or obese and those who were not.ResultsChildren (n = 84; 51 males; 33 females) reported low rates of physical activity compared to reports on healthy children. Only 9.5% were overweight (body mass index between the 85th and 94th percentile), and alarmingly 26% were obese (body mass index at or above the 95th percentile). Physical activity and body mass index were not significantly correlated (r = −0.11, p = 0.45) and there was no significant difference in mean physical activity (t = 0.67) between children who were overweight or obese and those who were not.ConclusionsChildren in this study reported low rates of physical activity and a higher obesity rate than was reported in previous studies. However, the two were not significantly correlated. Further research is indicated to determine the specific factors contributing to obesity and to test interventions to combat obesity in children with congenital cardiac disease.

scholarly journals Time trends in social contacts of individuals according to comorbidity and vaccination status, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: repeated cross-sectional population-based surveys

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Godbout ◽  
Mélanie Drolet ◽  
Myrto Mondor ◽  
Marc Simard ◽  
Chantal Sauvageau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Trends ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Second Wave

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo describe time trends in social contacts of individuals according to comorbidity and vaccination status before and during the first three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Quebec, Canada.DesignRepeated cross-sectional population-based surveys.SettingGeneral population.ParticipantsNon-institutionalized adults from Quebec, Canada, recruited by random digit dialling before (2018/2019) and during the pandemic (April 2020 to July 2021). A total of 1441 and 5185 participants with and without comorbidities, respectively, were included in the analyses.Main outcome measuresNumber of social contacts (two-way conversation at a distance ≤2 meters or a physical contact, irrespective of masking) documented in a self-administered web-based questionnaire. We compared the mean number of contacts according to the comorbidity status of participants (pre-existing medical conditions with symptoms/medication in the past 12 months) and 1-dose vaccination status during the third wave. All analyses were performed using weighted generalized linear models with a Poisson distribution and robust variance.ResultsContacts significantly decreased from a mean of 6.1 (95% confidence interval 4.9 to 7.3) before the pandemic to 3.2 (2.5 to 3.9) during the first wave among individuals with comorbidities, and from 8.1 (7.3 to 9.0) to 2.7 (2.2 to 3.2) among individuals without comorbidities. Individuals with comorbidities maintained fewer contacts than those without comorbidities in the second wave, with a significant difference before the Christmas 2020/2021 holidays (2.9 (2.5 to 3.2) v 3.9 (3.5 to 4.3); P<0.001). During the third wave, contacts were similar for individuals with (4.1, 3.4 to 4.7) and without comorbidities (4.5, 4.1 to 4.9; P=0.27). This could be partly explained by individuals with comorbidities vaccinated with their first dose who increased their contacts to the level of those without comorbidities.ConclusionsThe lower level of contacts maintained by individuals with comorbidities could have influenced the burden of hospitalisations and deaths of the second wave in Quebec. It will be important to closely monitor COVID-19-related outcomes and social contacts by comorbidity and vaccination status to inform targeted or population-based interventions.

Long-term results and comparison of flow re-direction endoluminal device and pipeline embolization device in endovascular treatment of intracranial carotid aneurysms

2021 ◽  
pp. 159101992110307
Author(s):  
Cemal A Gündoğmuş ◽  
Soheil Sabet ◽  
Nurten A Baltacıoğlu ◽  
Derya Türeli ◽  
Yaşar Bayri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Pipeline Embolization Device ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aneurysm Occlusion ◽  
Carotid Aneurysms

Objective This study aims to compare the efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes of two flow diverters, i.e., pipeline embolization device and flow re-direction endoluminal device, in the treatment of distal carotid aneurysms. Methods A total of 138 patients with 175 aneurysms were included from February 2012 to September 2019. Ninety-nine aneurysms were treated with flow re-direction endoluminal device and 76 with pipeline embolization device. Angiographic follow-ups were at the 6th, 12th, 24th, 36th, and 60th months; the O’Kelly-Marotta grading scale was used to assess aneurysms occlusion. Outcomes of two devices were compared; possible associations regarding patient characteristics, aneurysm properties, treatment details, and adverse events were evaluated. Results The mean follow-up period was 33 months, with 10 patients lost to follow-up. Occlusion rates at the 6th and 12th months and during the last follow-up were similar for flow re-direction endoluminal device (81%, 84%, and 90%) and pipeline embolization device (82%, 85%, and 93%). Occlusion rates were also similar after stand-alone use without coiling. There was no significant difference regarding adverse event rates with a 10.9% overall complication rate, 3.6% mortality, and 0.7% permanent morbidity. All the mortality and morbidity were related to hemorrhagic complications. Device deployment failure was observed with five flow re-direction endoluminal devices and two pipeline embolization devices, whereas two severe in-stent stenoses occurred with each device. Conclusions Both flow re-direction endoluminal device and pipeline embolization device are feasible and effective in flow diversion of distal internal carotid artery aneurysms, with similar adverse events rates and aneurysm occlusion success. Aneurysm occlusion rates increase with time, while the presence of an integrated branch significantly decreases treatment success.

scholarly journals Consanguinity, Endogamy and Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Oman: A Cross-Sectional Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Al-Thihli ◽  
Fathiya Al-Murshedi ◽  
Nadia Al-Hashmi ◽  
Watfa Al-Mamari ◽  
M. Mazharul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Evaluating Technical Knowledge of Using Inhalation Devices Amongst Medical Students and Pediatrics Residents in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Shekouhi ◽  
Mohammad Ashkan Moslehi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Better Than

Background: Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disorder in children and adults worldwide. Inhalers are vital medications that are prescribed to control the disease and reduce its mortality and morbidity. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and skills of Medical Students (MSs) and pediatric residents (PRs) in using different inhaler devices (IDs). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 243 MSs and PRs at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from March 2018 to March 2019. The MSs were divided into the senior medical students (SMSs) and junior medical students (JMSs). Data regarding participants’ knowledge on metered dose inhalers (MDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs), and nebulizers (NBs) were gathered using questionnaires and a face-to-face interview. Results: Of the 243 participants in the study, 113 (46.5%) were SMSs, 87 (35.8%) were JMSs, and 43 (17.7%) were PRs. The mean age of the participants was 26/20 ± 4/25 years. There was no significant difference between studied groups regarding recognition of MDI device (P = 0.072). PRs were more familiar with the DPIs than MSs (P < 0.001). They also could recognize the NBs better than the MSs (P < 0.001). In terms of using DPIs correctly, PRs executed all the steps better than MSs (P < 0.001) except for the third step which all the participants had the same knowledge (P = 0.13). Regarding correct use of NBs, PRs had better performance compared to MSs (P < 0.001). Conclusions: According to our results, there was an educational vacancy in training MSs regarding using IDs correctly, which can lead to poor compliance in asthmatic patients and deteriorating their lifestyle. The current research supports the need to redesign the educational curriculum of MSs and PRs in Iran to teach them sufficient knowledge and skills about how to use different types of inhalers properly.

scholarly journals Characterization of rhinovirus/enterovirus complex infection in children living at high altitudes: A cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernández-Sarmiento Jaime ◽  
Corrales Silvia Catalina ◽  
Obando Evelyn ◽  
Amin Jennifer ◽  
Alirio Bastidas Goyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Coinfection ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background: Respiratory tract infections caused by the rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/EV) complex have traditionally been considered to be minor, self-limited infections in children, with few complications. There are no previous studies of patients living at high altitudes that characterize severe cases of this infection.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including patients from 1 month to 18 years old who had been hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections between October 2015 and December 2019, and had had a viral panel with RT-PCR during their hospitalization.Results: During the study period, 645 RT-PCRs were performed, with the two main etiological agents identified being RV/EV (224) and respiratory syncytial virus (68). The median age of patients with RV/EV complex was 27 months (IQR: 8-70), 55.8% were boys and the average length of hospital stay was 12 days (IQR: 6-24). Severe RV/EV complex infections required more transfers to intensive care (11% vs 47%), showed more viral coinfection (OR: 2.13,95%, 95%CI: 1.42-4.64) and had less bacterial coinfection (OR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.31-0.98) than RSV infections, with no difference in mortality ( 2.4% vs. 2.1%, P:0.09). Post-transplant patients (OR: 3.35, 95%CI: 1.10-11.34) and those with comorbidities (OR: 3.97, 95%CI: 2.23-7.08) had the highest risk of RV/EV infection. The RV/EV group had a higher risk of presenting acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (OR: 3.6, 95%CI: 1.07-12:18), especially in premature infants (p: 0.05; exp (B), 2.99; 95%CI= 1.01-8.82), those with heart disease (p: 0.047; exp(B), 2.99; 95%CI = 1.01-8.82) and those with inborn errors of metabolism (p: 0.032; exp (B), 5-01; 95%CI= 1.15-21.81). Conclusions: Respiratory infection due to RV/EV in children who live at high altitudes can frequently be severe, requiring management with intensive care therapy. When compared to RSV, this complex is more frequently associated with viral coinfection and the development of ARDS, especially in risk groups such as those with prematurity, heart disease or inborn errors of metabolism. It is important to see RV / EV as a virus that can have an unsatisfactory course as or more severe than that of other viruses that affect the respiratory tract in children.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERBEDAAN JUMLAH NEUTROFIL ANTARA ANAK DOWN SYNDROME DAN ANAK SEHAT - Studi Pada SLB-C Widya Bhakti Semarang dan Mi Mirfa’ul Ulum

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Riezqia Ayu Wulandari ◽  
Sandy Christiono ◽  
Niluh Ringga
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Chromosome 21 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Periodontal Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is a congenital disorder caused by abnormalities of chromosome 21, resulting in migration defect of neutrophils, specifically in GCF as a marker of increasing periodontal infection. This study aimed to analyze the difference in neutrophil numbers between down syndrome and healthy children.Method: This research was an analytic observational with cross sectional design, and divided into two groups. The control group is consisted of healthy children and the other is consisted of down syndrome children. GCF was taken using paper point number 45-50 for 30 seconds, then it smeared into object glass and painted with giemsa staining. Observations was done by light microscopy with 1000 times magnification.Result: The result of studies with p<0.05 was indicating a significant difference of neutrophil numbers between children with down syndrome and the healthy group.Conclusion: This study concluded that there was a difference in neutrophil numbers due to the migration defect of neutrophils in children with down syndrome, that can cause proneness to periodontal infections.

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