scholarly journals Larval distribution of the ocean sunfishes Ranzania laevis and Masturus lanceolatus (Tetraodontiformes: Molidae) in the Sargasso Sea subtropical convergence zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-608
Author(s):  
L M HELLENBRECHT ◽  
M FREESE ◽  
J-D POHLMANN ◽  
H WESTERBERG ◽  
T BLANCKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Frontal Zone ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Sargasso Sea ◽  
Larval Ecology ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Spawning Activity ◽  
Hydrographic Data ◽  
Larval Distribution ◽  
Subtropical Convergence Zone

Abstract Sunfishes or Molidae are a rarely encountered family within the teleost order Tetraodontiformes and most details of their reproductive biology including times and places of spawning and their larval ecology are rather unclear. Spawning of two species of Molidae was suggested in the Sargasso Sea before, yet comprehensive data on larval distribution from this area or elsewhere have never been published. Here we report on the abundance and size distribution of 383 sharptail mola (Masturus lanceolatus) and slender sunfish (Ranzania laevis) larvae, present novel information on their larval growth and development and test correlations with prevailing hydrographic data. Only 18 mostly larger Masturus larvae were caught evenly distributed over the study area and with no obvious hydrographic preferences. We conclude that there was no active spawning of M. lanceolatus in the area during the time of the cruise. In contrast, Ranzania larvae were caught primarily inside and south of a thermal frontal zone with increasing abundances toward warmer surface layers in the southeast of the study area. Due to the consistent presence of young Ranzania, it can be assumed that spawning activity was ongoing throughout the month of April, 2015. Our findings confirm the Sargasso Sea as a spawning area for R. laevis.

Physiology of Larval Feeding

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Invertebrate Larvae

The functional properties of marine invertebrate larvae represent the sum of the physiological activities of the individual, the interdependence among cells making up the whole, and the correct positioning of cells within the larval body. This chapter examines physiological aspects of nutrient acquisition, digestion, assimilation, and distribution within invertebrate larvae from an organismic and comparative perspective. Growth and development of larvae obviously require the acquisition of “food.” Yet the mechanisms where particulate or dissolved organic materials are converted into biomass and promote development of larvae differ and are variably known among groups. Differences in the physiology of the digestive system (secreted enzymes, gut transit time, and assimilation) within and among feeding larvae suggest the possibility of an underappreciated plasticity of digestive physiology. How the ingestion of seawater by and the existence of a circulatory system within larvae contribute to larval growth and development represent important topics for future research.

scholarly journals Soil chemical properties related to acidity under successive pig slurry application

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1827-1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cledimar Rogério Lourenzi ◽  
Carlos Alberto Ceretta ◽  
Leandro Souza da Silva ◽  
Gustavo Trentin ◽  
Eduardo Girotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Potential Acidity

Pig slurry application as soil manure can alter the chemical properties of the soil and affect its acidity, modifying the environment for crop growth and development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical properties related to soil acidity subjected to successive applications of pig slurry. The experiment was conducted in May 2000, in an experimental area of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) under no-tillage and lasted until January 2008. Nineteen surface applications of 0, 20, 40, and 80 m³ ha-1 of pig slurry were performed, during a period of 100 months and the soil sampled in the end (layers 0-2, 2-4, 4-6, 6-8, 8-10, 10-12, 12-14, 14-16, 16-18, 18-20, 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 35-40, 40-50 and 50-60 cm). The application of pig slurry increased soil pH values, an effect that could reach the depth of 8 cm without affecting the potential acidity values. The applications also resulted in accumulation of Ca and Mg exchangeable levels in the surface layers, increasing base saturation and reducing Al saturation. Long-term applications induced an increase in organic matter in the deeper layers. However, the effect of this residue on the potential CEC was less significant and restricted to the surface layers.

scholarly journals Copepod carcasses in the subtropical convergence zone of the Sargasso Sea: implications for microbial community composition, system respiration and carbon flux

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kam W Tang ◽  
Liv Backhaus ◽  
Lasse Riemann ◽  
Marja Koski ◽  
Hans-Peter Grossart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Carbon Flux ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Convergence Zone ◽  
Sargasso Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Column Stratification ◽  
Vast Area ◽  
Subtropical Convergence Zone

Abstract The oligotrophic subtropical gyre covers a vast area of the Atlantic Ocean. Decades of time-series monitoring have generated detailed temporal information about zooplankton species and abundances at fixed locations within the gyre, but their live/dead status is often omitted, especially in the dynamic subtropical convergence zone (STCZ) where the water column stratification pattern can change considerably across the front as warm and cold water masses converge. We conducted a detailed survey in the North Atlantic STCZ and showed that over 85% of the copepods were typically concentrated in the upper 200 m. Copepod carcasses were present in all samples and their proportional numerical abundances increased with depth, reaching up to 91% at 300–400 m. Overall, 14–19% of the copepods within the upper 200 m were carcasses. Shipboard experiments showed that during carcass decomposition, microbial respiration increased, and the bacterial community associated with the carcasses diverged from that in the ambient water. Combining field and experimental data, we estimated that decomposing copepod carcasses constitute a negligible oxygen sink in the STCZ, but sinking carcasses may represent an overlooked portion of the passive carbon sinking flux and should be incorporated in future studies of carbon flux in this area.

EFFECTS OF DIET ON THE COMPOSITION OF BODY FAT IN MUSCA DOMESTICA L.

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Concentrations

Larvae of Musca domestica L. were reared on chemically defined diets to which various fatty acids were added. The concentration of lipids in the body was directly related to the amount of fatty acid in the diet. Lack of oleic acid was tantamount in the following respects to lack of all fatty acids: high concentrations of palmitic, stearic, and particularly palmitoleic acid; low concentration of oleic acid. Linoleic acid could not be detected in the body fats unless it was fed. Fats had little or no effect on rate of larval growth and development. These results are compared with the results of a previous study of the effects of dietary fatty acids on the composition of the body fats of the parasitic dipteron, Pseudosarcophaga affinis Auct. nee Fallén.

Larval growth and development of cultured Pacific bonito

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. McFarlane ◽  
D.J. Cripe ◽  
S.H. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Larval Growth
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