scholarly journals Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype and physical performance during US Army basic training

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 1355-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Sonna ◽  
Marilyn A. Sharp ◽  
Joseph J. Knapik ◽  
Michael Cullivan ◽  
Karen C. Angel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ace Genotype ◽  
And Performance

Prior studies have suggested that angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) genotype correlates with superior physical performance in highly selected populations. This study assessed whether such an association exists in a heterogeneous population. Using polymerase chain reaction techniques, we determined the ACE genotypes (insertion/insertion, deletion/insertion, or deletion/deletion) of 62 male and 85 female US Army recruits. Before and after 8 wk of basic training, we determined peak oxygen uptake and performance on the Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT), which includes standardized measures of muscular endurance (sit-ups, push-ups) and a 2-mile run. Subjects of different ACE genotypes had similar peak oxygen uptakes and APFT scores, both before and after training. Subjects with genotype II had higher APFT scores than others, but the differences were not statistically significant. Furthermore, no ACE genotype group had a performance advantage in analyses that adjusted for baseline fitness. We conclude that ACE genotype does not have a strong effect on aerobic power or muscular endurance in healthy, young American adults drawn from an ethnically and geographically diverse population.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism, Lower Extremity Strength, and Physical Performance in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 998-1009
Author(s):  
Kurt Shuler ◽  
Joseph F Sucic ◽  
Susan Ann Talley ◽  
Allon Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength ◽  
Ace Genotype ◽  
And Performance

AbstractBackgroundEvidence for associations between the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and physical performance is conflicting. Furthermore, investigations of relationships between lower extremity strength and physical performance have usually not considered the role of the ACE genotype, and it is unclear whether there are variations in relationships between lower extremity strength and physical performance among ACE genotypes in older adults.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to investigate associations between the ACE I/D polymorphism and physical performance and to determine whether relationships between lower extremity strength and physical performance vary among ACE genotypes in older adults.DesignThis was a cross-sectional observational study.MethodsCommunity-dwelling adults (N = 88) who were at least 60 years old completed physical performance and lower extremity strength tests. After DNA was extracted from saliva, ACE I/D polymorphism genotyping was done. The Spearman rank order correlation coefficient was used to examine associations between lower extremity strength and physical performance within ACE genotype subgroups. Analysis of covariance and linear regression were used to examine ACE genotype and ACE genotype × lower extremity strength interaction effects in relation to physical performance.ResultsGenotype-specific correlation coefficients exhibited substantial variation among ACE genotype subgroups; however, differences did not attain statistical significance. Statistically significant genotype × lower extremity strength interaction effects in relation to physical performance were detected.LimitationsThe cross-sectional design precludes inferring causal relationships between strength and performance. The small sample size contributed to limited power to detect additional interaction effects and to detect statistically significant differences between correlation coefficients among ACE genotype subgroups.ConclusionsThe ACE I/D polymorphism is, interactively with lower extremity strength, associated with physical performance. Genotype-specific correlation coefficients and ACE genotype × lower extremity strength interaction effects on physical performance are consistent with variations in relationships between lower extremity strength and performance among ACE genotype subgroups.

Prevention of lower limb pain in soldiers using shock-absorbing orthotic inserts

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Sherman ◽  
KW Karstetter ◽  
H May ◽  
AL Woerman
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Lower Limb Pain ◽  
Training Unit ◽  
Combat Boots

The utility of shock-absorbing boot and sneaker inserts for reducing the occurrence of lower limb pain among male US Army basic trainees was evaluated. Every other training unit was given inserts. The inserts were issued prior to the start of training when combat boots and sneakers were fitted. According to post-training questionnaires and the participants' medical records, the inserts did not have any preventive effect on occurrence of lower limb problems during training. Five hundred seventeen trainees were issued inserts, 397 were followed but not issued inserts, and 218 were not issued but purchased them on their own. Thirty-eight percent of those issued inserts had lower limb pain problems compared with 29% of those not issued inserts and 38% of those who bought their own. There was no statistical difference between these rates of occurrence. Prior to training, there were minor differences between the groups' scores on physical fitness test scores and run times. These differences disappeared during training so that there were no differences among the groups on either training or clinical variables during or after basic training.

scholarly journals Parents’ perception of physical activity and body mass in their children compared to BMI and physical fitness test results – examination of 8369 children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Niedzielska ◽  
Katarzyna Zaborowska-Sapeta ◽  
Marek Jankowski ◽  
Tomasz Kobus ◽  
Ireneusz Marek Kowalski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
General Health ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
And Performance

Introduction: The level of parents’ knowledge and ability to evaluate a child’s health condition is crucial when making decisions concerning physical activity levels and dietary patterns. Aim: This study assessed parents’ views versus the actual health status of their children using anthropometric examinations and performance test results. Material and methods: The research involved an examination of 8369 children aged 6–7 years and an analysis of responses provided by parents to a questionnaire of the general health status of children, their physical activity, and estimated average time spent passively. Responses were compared to the results of a performance test and anthropometric measurements, classified according to centile grids for a given age and sex. Results and discussion: In total, 85% of guardians did not notice obesity in a child whose BMI was in the 95th percentile or above. Guardians of children with very bad physical performance evaluated their general health condition as very good (42%) or good (50%), which means that 92% of guardians were not aware of their child’s very low exercise capacity. In total, 75% of guardians of children with very poor fitness believed that their child had a sufficient amount of physical activity during the day. Conclusions: Parents or guardians of children with excessive body weight have a low level of awareness of obesity and have no awareness of their children’s very low physical performance. We conclude that there is a great need for comprehensive education of societies regarding the importance of physical activity and nutrition for the health of children and youth.

scholarly journals Effects of cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water on behavior and performance of lactating sows under heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Zhu ◽  
L J Johnston ◽  
M H Reese ◽  
E S Buchanan ◽  
J E Tallaksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Drinking Frequency

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate whether cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water could alleviate negative impacts of heat stress on lactating sows. Thirty sows (Landrace × Yorkshire, Parity = 1 to 6) were housed in individual farrowing stalls in two rooms with temperatures being controlled at 29.4°C (0700–1900 hours) and 23.9°C (1900–0700 hours). Sows in one room (Cool), but not in the other room (Control) were provided cooled floor pads (21–22°C) and chilled drinking water (13–15°C). Behavior of sows (15 sows/treatment) was video recorded during farrowing, and days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after farrowing. Videos were viewed continuously to register the birth time of each piglet, from which total farrowing duration and birth intervals were calculated. The number of drinking bouts and the duration of each drinking bout were registered for each sow through viewing videos continuously for 2 h (1530–1730 hours) each video-recording day. Postures (lying laterally, lying ventrally, sitting, and standing) were recorded by scanning video recordings at 5-min intervals for 24 h each video-recording day, and time budget for each posture was calculated. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were measured for all sows the day before and after farrowing, and then once weekly. Sow and litter performance was recorded. Data were analyzed using the Glimmix procedure of SAS. The cooling treatment did not affect sow behavior or litter performance. Sows in the Cool room had lower rectal temperature (P = 0.03) and lower respiration rate (P < 0.001), consumed more feed (P = 0.03), tended to have reduced weight loss (P = 0.07), and backfat loss (P = 0.07) during lactation than sows in the Control room. As lactation progressed, sows increased drinking frequency (P < 0.001) and time spent lying ventrally (P < 0.0001), standing (P < 0.001), and sitting (P < 0.0001), and decreased time spent lying laterally (P < 0.0001) in both Cool and Control rooms. While cooled floor pads combined with chilled drinking water did not affect sow behavior, they did alleviate heat stress partially, as indicated by decreased rectal temperature, respiration rate, weight, and backfat loss, and increased feed intake in lactating sows.

scholarly journals Association of Cognitive Function Screening Results with Adherence and Performance in a Pedometer-Based Intervention

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anoop Sheshadri ◽  
Piyawan Kittiskulnam ◽  
Cynthia Delgado ◽  
Rebecca L. Sudore ◽  
Jennifer C. Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
And Performance

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> A randomized, controlled trial of a pedometer-based walking intervention with weekly activity goals led to increased walking among dialysis patients. We examined whether impairment per cognitive function screening is associated with adherence and performance in the intervention. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Thirty dialysis patients were randomly assigned to a 3-month pedometer-based intervention with weekly goals. Participants were administered the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status (TICS), a test of global mental status. We examined the association of levels of impairment on the TICS (≥33: unimpaired, 26–32: ambiguous impairment, 21–25: mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) with adherence, achieving weekly goals, and increasing steps, physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery, SPPB), and self-reported physical function (PF) through multivariable linear mixed-model and logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, BMI, dialysis modality, baseline steps, baseline SPPB, and stroke status. <b><i>Results:</i></b> One-third of participants were unimpaired, and 13% had MCI. Participants with worse results on cognitive function screening missed more calls and completed fewer weekly goals than participants with better results. During the intervention, a worse result on cognitive function screening was associated with smaller increases in steps compared to those without impairment: (ambiguous: −620 [95% CI −174, −1,415], MCI: −1,653 [95% CI −120, −3,187]); less improvement in SPPB (ambiguous: −0.22 points [95% CI −0.08, −0.44], MCI: −0.45 [95% CI −0.13, −0.77]); and less improvement in PF (ambiguous: −4.0 points [95% CI −12.2, 4.1], MCI: −14.0 [95% CI −24.9, −3.1]). During the postintervention period, a worse result on cognitive function screening was associated with smaller increases in SPPB (ambiguous: −0.54 [95% CI −1.27, 0.19], MCI: −0.97 [95% CI −0.37, −1.58]) and PF (ambiguous: −3.3 [95% CI −6.5, −0.04], MCI: −10.5 [95% CI −18.7, −2.3]). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Participants with worse results on cognitive function screening had worse adherence and derived less benefit from this pedometer-based intervention. Future exercise interventions should be developed incorporating methods to address cognitive impairment, for example, by including caregivers when planning such interventions.

scholarly journals Cardiac Rehabilitation and Physical Performance in Patients after Myocardial Infarction: Preliminary Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2253
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Grochulska ◽  
Sebastian Glowinski ◽  
Aleksandra Bryndal
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Exercise Stress Test ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Before And After

(1) Background: Cardiovascular diseases, in particular, myocardial infarction (MI), are the main threats to human health in modern times. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR), and especially increased physical activity, significantly prevent the consequences of MI. The aim of this study was to assess physical performance in patients after MI before and after CR. (2) Methods: 126 patients after MI were examined. They were admitted to the cardiac rehabilitation ward twice: in the 3rd month after MI, and then in the 6th month after the last rehabilitation session. CR lasted 20 treatment days (4 weeks with 5 treatment days and 2 days’ break). The exercise stress test on the treadmill and a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were used to assess physical performance. Patients were assigned to an appropriate rehabilitation model due to their health condition. (3) Results: In the studied group, the exercise stress test time and the metabolic equivalent of task (MET), the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), and 6MWT score increased significantly (p = 0.0001) at two time-points of observation. (4) Conclusion: CR significantly improves physical performance in patients after MI.

scholarly journals Effects of Feeding Time on Markers of Muscle Metabolic Flexibility Following Acute Aerobic Exercise in Trained Mice Undergoing Time Restricted Feeding

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1717
Author(s):  
Aaron Persinger ◽  
Matthew Butawan ◽  
Martina Faietti ◽  
Ashley Pryke ◽  
Kyley Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Metabolic Flexibility ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Access To Food

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is becoming a popular way of eating in physically active populations, despite a lack of research on metabolic and performance outcomes as they relate to the timing of food consumption in relation to the time of exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine if the timing of feeding/fasting after exercise training differently affects muscle metabolic flexibility and response to an acute bout of exercise. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomized to one of three groups for 8 weeks. The control had ad libitum access to food before and after exercise training. TRF-immediate had immediate access to food for 6 h following exercise training and the TRF-delayed group had access to food 5-h post exercise for 6 h. The timing of fasting did not impact performance in a run to fatigue despite TRF groups having lower hindlimb muscle mass. TRF-delayed had lower levels of muscle HSL mRNA expression and lower levels of PGC-1α expression but displayed no changes in electron transport chain enzymes. These results suggest that in young populations consuming a healthy diet and exercising, the timing of fasting may not substantially impact metabolic flexibility and running performance.

Twenty Years After the Hype

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alois Paulin
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Performance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Government Reforms

In this study the authors analyze the effects of e-government reforms that began in mid-90ies by confronting the promises which these reforms made to government performance in the period before and after the reforms took place. The authors use fiscal and performance indicators of the Slovenian government and courts to argue that e-government did not yield any notable effects on the state performance. Finally, the authors analyze the reasons why e-government technology cannot be regarded as sustainable and suggest a different approach towards researching how to sustainably improve governance for generations to come.

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